Why did planet War I have specified a large impact on women’s professional situation for the first time? "When the war broke out, there was another origin - it turned out that it was essential to attract women into a war on an unknown scale in history. And it wasn't about the dramatic or tragic consequences of war on the ladies. They were victims of all wars, though almost never fought. It turned out that modern, technical, mass war cannot be waged without the mass engagement of women" - noted historian Prof. Mirosław Dymarski. What was the life of the ladies at the time?
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See video Anniversary of planet War II. It was the top armed conflict in human history.
Workers in the ammunition mill among the Haubic missiles at the National Shell Filling mill in Chilwell, Nottinghamshire, July 1917. photograph Horace Nicholls; Imperial War Museum - photograph Archive Collection (public domain)
World War I resulted in the first mass employment of women. They gained experience and skills, but inactive not law
Massive mobilisation of men into the army after the detonation planet War I resulted in women having to replace their brothers, fathers, sons, and husbands in their work, while at the same time not neglecting their household and constantly taking care of older relatives or children who had to be raised. The difficulty in maintaining the home and the uncertainty as to whether the husband or father would return from the war caused women to go to factories and workplaces, dealing with tasks that were reserved for men only until now.
Workers burden coal into furnaces utilized in the mill for the purification of sugar,??Glebe Sugar Refinery Co. in Greenock, Scotland. photograph by George P. Lewis, Imperial War Museum - photograph Archive Collection (public domain).
Even the arms manufacture had to aid the ladies with their hands. Women were employed to produce ammunition, weapons and grenades, as well as gas masks. Of course, as before, they besides sewed uniforms and another equipment needed by soldiers during the war.
An worker checks hand grenades (so-called Mills Bombs) in a British mill during planet War I, 1914. photograph author unknown; Imperial War Museum - photograph Archive Collection (public domain).
Women first had to reduce the gap that military appointments created in professions where physical work was crucial. So the ladies appeared at the construction site and at the logging site were employed in transport, in casting bricks, or in chemical factories. In a short time, women had to learn to manage their home, finance and their work.
A chemist at a cement mill in Scotland. photo: Imperial War Museum - photograph Archive Collection (public domain).
And although the conditions were hard and complicated, they gave them skills and education that they would request later. But to be appreciated as they deserved, they had to wait.
Women on construction in Lancashire. photo. Imperial War Museum - photograph Archive Collection (public domain).
Women besides hit the front of planet War I. But most frequently they hid under men's outfits
As in all war, women besides worked as paramedics and nurses in hospitals. And their task was not easy not only due to the large number of injured, but besides due to the deficiency of medical resources and deficiency of intellectual assistance. In addition, women collected gifts for the army, sent food packages and medicines. any of them besides joined the army, becoming couriers and frequently fighting on the front line. The women gave calls and reports, as well as providing letters from homes to soldiers.
Working as mechanics for the Royal Women's Air Force (WRAF) staff at the hull of Avro aircraft 504, 1918. photograph author unknown, Imperial War Museum - photograph Archive Collection (public domain).
During planet War I women were not allowed to engage in military tasks, which does not mean that they did not effort to fight. 1 specified example is Serb Milunka Savić, who fought in disguise as a man. She was returning to the front, though 9 times injured. We besides have examples of Polish heroes who did akin things.
Two employees stand next to bullets produced at the National Shell Filling mill Chillwell in Nottinghamshire during planet War I; 1917. fot. Horace Nicholls, Imperial War Museum - photograph Archive Collection (public domain).
A young Łódź female Maria Błaszczyk joined the 2nd Legion Infantry Regiment a fewer weeks after she was 17, claiming to be Jan Tadeusz Zaleski. A female died treating an injured colleague, not even 18 years old. Apart from it, Wanda Gertz (as Kazimierz Żuchowicz), Zofia Plewińska (Leszek Pomianowski), Zofia Kamińska (Zygmunt Tarło) and Eliza Louis Daszkiewiczów (Stanisław Kepis) served in the Piłsudski Legions.
Welding while working at an airplane mill in Midlands, September 1918. photo. George P. Lewis, Imperial War Museum - photograph Archive Collection (public domain).
The situation of women after planet War I. They lost their jobs to men, and if they stayed in them, it would be for little wages.
After the end of planet War I, it was no longer possible to return to the conventional roles of women before the outbreak. The global conflict has led to an irreversible change in the social and professional position of women. Women began to be more independent, they decided more frequently to survey in schools and at university.
A female works on a propeller in an airplane factory. photograph by author unknown, Imperial War Museum - photograph Archive Collection (public domain).
There was besides a change in appearance or dress - the ladies shortened skirts to a more applicable dimension reaching half the calf, alternatively of long dresses they were increasingly wearing suits and wearing short hair. Their position in the household or in the partnership has besides improved their financial independence.
A female employed at a logging site in Britain. photo. Imperial War Museum - photograph Archive Collection (public domain).
Men who returned from the war most frequently received their erstwhile positions - this unfortunately active women's dismissals. However, those who maintained their functions were much little paid than men - ammunition factories paid their employees only half of what they paid men to do akin work. Many of them besides had to deal with war-returning husbands or fathers - any returned as disabled, others were mentally traumatized by the war and required their care.
A group of workers employed in a brick mill in confederate Wales. photograph G.P. Lewis, Imperial War Museum - photograph Archive Collection (public domain).
The immense changes in women's lives as a consequence of the war led to the issue of granting them rights at last to public and political office. "The men's planet after the First planet War understood that if we anticipate fresh responsibilities from women, they must receive fresh rights, especially political rights," says historian Mirosław Dymarski.
Mrs. Kitchener, gravedigger, does her husband's business while he serves on the front; Aley Green Cemetery in Luton. photograph Horace Nicholls, Imperial War Museum - photograph Archive Collection (public domain).
In 1918, women working in public transport in London began a strike, demanding equal pay - it was the first specified strike in the UK. A year later, the Women's Office in Przemyśl published a study in which he agreed to the rule of "equal pay for equal work", but at the same time noted that "less strength and women's wellness problems" could translate into their performance.
Women in a gas mask factory. photo: Imperial War Museum - photograph Archive Collection (public domain)
The function of women was appreciated after planet War I in 1918, erstwhile a large part of the countries in Europe, including Poland, granted women electoral rights. However, 1 thing has not changed - in 2024 the average hourly gross wage of men in the European Union is inactive 12.7 percent higher than for women in the same position. That difference is the equivalent of a period and a half.
Glass individual Pilkington Glass Ltd in St Helen's, Lancashire. photograph by George P. Lewis; Imperial War Museum - photograph Archive Collection (public domain).
