Marcin Drewicz: We are losing land where we belong, which is simply a fewer words about the results of agricultural censuses in Poland. Part 1: What have the Communists changed and what have they not changed?
We will not compose about the decline of the agricultural population here, so about the phenomenon in any countries or European regions already observed over a 100 years ago, erstwhile in others only in fresh decades. Although – yes – we should explain to people, men and women of the young generation, so that for any fleeting whim (!) they would not leave the function (i.e. the farm) and all the more so the role-fathers would not disengage. Hold the ground and hold the ground! Just like that!
Another thing many decades ago, a 100 years ago, erstwhile a fewer hectar farm of this by 1 more kid was no longer able to feed – and this kid “went into the city”, “drived to the saks” (sic!) or even “to Hamery” (until Poland was able to leave) – and something else today.
These are large reasons for our Polish socio-political past of fresh generations, where wider improvement is not the place here. After all, atoli of this average "kilkuhektar farm", is simply a banner in Poland from the 19th century slogan of socialist-humanity (sic!), so eagerly undertaken and to the ground exploited in the 20th century by communists, will inactive sound to us here.
We are going to this discussion with any delay, i.e. 5 years after the last agricultural census from 2020. It was besides in 2010, but we ignore it here. For this we mention to our comparison of agricultural systems in Poland from 1921 – yes! the first census in the Revival Poland – and from 2002 – “at the threshold of the 3rd millennium” (Marcin Drewicz, “The Law on the Expropriation of Lands in Poland from 1919 to 1952”, Warsaw 2007, chapter: “Posłowie – strategy of Agriculture in Poland formerly and today”, pp. 125-134).
‘Agricultural regime’ (in a narrower sense) — how many farms are in the country in each area group (up to 1 ha, 1-2 ha, 2-5 ha..., etc.) and what is the full area occupied by the holdings in each area group. We here will operate with collective figures nationwide, although in this area the regional diversity of the country brings with it highly interesting insights.
It was a shock! What was caused by the compilation of both of these tables, from 1921 and the 1 by a bit of eighty years later, from 2002. What is it in this unfortunate Poland (some will say: on Polish lands, due to the fact that state borders were shifted) did not happen in that turbulent era! War, occupation, revolution and the People's Authority in all respects and in all scopes have destroyed, tortured, robbed our Nation, "depriving" it at the same time, that is to say, depriving it of the first Polish cultural and leadership layer (any name we would not define; until the 20th century it was said: "political nation").
But the agricultural system... through that eighty-year period, despite the changes in the borders of the state, the wartime failure of the population, the demolition of professional Polish personnel, including agriculture, despite the demolition of Polish entrepreneurs and Polish property and entrepreneurship, despite the expropriation, expropriation and murdering of landowners and wealthier possessions (so-called Russian kułaków), or despite the tremendous wartime and post-war migration remained the same! Yes, not besides much, so in any areas somewhat changed, but little. That's where the cognitive shock we're signalling above came from.
any revolutionaries/reformers wanted to destruct this Polish nobility more simply, or Polish landowners, by robbing them from the ground, i.e. from the material basis of existence; well, in any periods also, simply, murdering them. As you can see – this revolutionary demolition of the nobility was the carefully realized goal of these Agricultural REFORMs, not the parcel of land until the end, since many about the multi-sethectare areas of the State Farms were left, and the agricultural workers there were not at all appropriated on the pitched plots.
another revolutionaries/reformers besides had this goal to destruct the land as a social group, but more than to destruct individual they emphasized the exaltation of the Polish peasant (the "boy is simply a power and a bash") but not everyone (!), after all, not the economical and preventable "cullage" working on many strands (on a farm called large-kmocked, almost like a nobleman), but only (and until) these small-farmed and farmless masses sharing them with the disparate "garden" or "kułacka" land so that each household would sit on these respective hectares of agricultural land.
At the same time, let us remember the mediate East European conditions of the first half of the 20th century. Despite the failure of the population caused by the First planet War (1914-1918), the village of Poland is overcrowded (!). What to do with this population surplus? Among another things:
- The surplus can go on, as in the pre-war decades (before 1914) “to Hamery” (this is how it was pronounced). However, the American large crisis of 1929 closes these opportunities, for another Europeans too. You can besides go to, for example, the coal pits of Belgium and northern France (those in the West of Europe the rationalists of communism!).
- The population surplus – as has already been mentioned – can be "sacrificed" in the countryside in these countless respective hectar farms – "that all citizen of the Revival Poland should be the owner; due to the fact that Poland is simply a mother, not a stepmother!" etc. But first we must expropriate the landowners – and then the Polish Seym took over after its constitution, due to the fact that already in 1919 – their land was allocated to these 5-10-hectare parcels, but at the same time these multitudes of employed agricultural workers were deprived of their existing jobs (sic!). For these fresh plots of land were pursued by peasants “from the village” (led by popular political parties) with “farm parcels” (led by socialist political parties), as 2 separate and even competitive communities (sic!). In spite of what was commonly said during the period of the Polish People's organization and repeated in the post-PRL era, it was not the Galician prowess of the Polish People's Party, but a variant of the socialist movement under the Russian business of the Polish People's Party, that was the main driver of these parliamentary-revolutionary changes (the Galicians willingly seconded him).
In addition, simple calculations showed that even with the hypothetical "parcelation of everything" (which has not been done today!) inactive a fewer million people in Poland (where else similarly) will stay without any ground property.
- Industrialization of the country, improvement of crafts, trade and services, so sending this population surplus from the function – preferably through various courses and schools – to workshops, workshops, warehouses, shops, warehouses, to towns, to cities, to factories and to another manufacturing and commercial establishments.
due to the fact that this – in spite of what is inactive being told to us – was not the thought of communists possessing Poland (and another countries) until the turn of 1944/1945 and later! “From the function to factories, from village to city...” – as they were exhilaratingly sung in the times of Stalinism. It was a slogan put up at the latest in the time of the First planet War, so at least a generation earlier, by the then alleged old advent, i.e. by the Polish national-democratic movement organized then in a mass support, People's-National Union.
Well, nice... But the various sizes of manufacture and trade – a crucial part of it – were kept on Polish lands at the time, visible regular and everywhere by present Jews (although on lands recovered from the Kingdom of Prussia present small or no longer). And here's another story. In short, erstwhile any Jews, their political organizations, planned another in the past of this nation alia, i.e. emigrating in this case from Polish lands, others do not. And here we compose about times of overpopulation and comparative scarcity not only of many Polish habitats, but besides of judaic habitats. And about judaic times dissatisfaction over failure to establish this “Judeopolonia” in the years of planet War I.
Today's young Polish man in the country and especially in the city for specified historical news about these "five hectares" per household shrugs. But let him know and remember that for the generation of his grandfathers, great-grandparents, and even before that, this was a fundamental issue, causing many of the highest passions, sometimes leading straight to crime, and frequently crimes in the majesty of (then) the law.
It is like in the later PRL, it is no longer criminal, but on the spreading of elbows and even on the trampling of others and on the cunning-based race to urban recently built blocks, that is to say, "a place with conveniences" (it was then called!). Let us note that besides in this respect, urban and urban... today's (great)grandsons escape from these blocks, to which their (great)grandparents in their youth were very eager. These are, among another things, the effects of false doctrines, based on them, of a incorrect policy, expressed in, among others, immense and mostly missed investments, so to throw money distant in the mud and on waste of collective and individual human effort.
"Bu-do-wa-we had socialism ii-ii ... for nothing more than time ..." - how accurately it was failed in the 1980s at 1 of the recitals of the "real song".
How fast things change! What's next? What's another 1 of these people going to do now with a hurma, so that in the same, farthest generation to turn distant from that thing with contempt? Collective whims – 1 by one!
Will today's people always turn distant from, like, a smartphone? Will they halt showing interest in this device... quasi-religious (sic!)? Indeed, pagan worship! And if they turn around, why will they turn to another – alternatively of the smartphone –? And will they, in the most conventional sense and sense of the word... convert?
Then, in the mediate of the 20th century: The Polish Nation as a collective of five-hectare agricultural owners, and the urban part of it as a "large industrial working class". Today, specified a slogan evokes a ambiguity of misunderstanding or mocking smiles, but at the end of the 19th century and for most of the 20th century, for three-four generations (!) it expressed the dream of leading groups and figures reaching for the full power of the Polish-speaking left, so besides the alleged socialists/gentlemen of post-nobility intelligent (!); and this slogan of "5 hectares" was mostly RELEVED in – paradoxically – the half-century of communist PRL.
It is due to the fact that the word “communist” evokes this “kołchoz” or “sowchoz”, under the conditions of the Polish PGR, i.e. a state farm, collective farm, with a large agricultural area, treated by employed agricultural workers (in Soviets – by “kołchozniks”), and not by individual-ownership-small-small-small-chłopskie. However, as past teaches, attempts to "collect" these individual farms in the first period of communism in Poland were besides made. In another KDLs specified collectivizations were the norm, unlike Poland.
So to the widest degree of this concept, the agricultural strategy of the Polish People's Republic was a kind of a mix of social-communist (Moscow allowed this movement), with the most appropriate state monopoly for the supply of agricultural inputs and with the state acquisition of agricultural produce.
“Let the working-boy alliance live!” said 1 of the main PRL slogans. “Soyose”? As something new? Does this mean that in the past, since there was no ‘soy’, it was any kind of working-boy feud? A quarrel may not necessarily, but a crucial political-party distinction. Prior to the Second planet War, the concept of “Socialist Poland” implied the governments of this country of the socialist party, at the time first all PPS – the Polish Socialist organization (with its embodiments), at the same time the urban party, the “working party”. On the another hand, the word "Popular Poland" was associated with the country's populist government, so with the agrarian party, the "boys", the majority, since about 80 percent of the population in the then countries of our part of Europe lived in the countryside.
After this thought we had "worker-boys' soy" in the year... 1920 (sic!) erstwhile the Prime Minister of the Polish Government of National Defence was the Ludukt Witos (his monument in Warsaw was erected in 1985 by General Jaruzelski; as a curiosity we say that Jaruzelski met in America in the same year with the leading capitalist David Rockefeller) and Deputy Prime Minister of Socialist Daszyński (his monument in Warsaw was erected by president Duda in 2018; but the tombstone monument at Kraków Cemetery Rakowicki has been standing for many years). That's what these people thought at the time. And here in this peculiar war year of 1920 the first "agricultural reform" law was passed – a model for the next. In 1944, the Communists imitated it, but they made any changes.
The People's (Ludnictwo) Parties were respective "before the war"; they competed among each other, and again they sought to unite, which was being worked on by rural-specific socialist activists, authors of both pre-war (1920, 1925) and post-war (1944-1945) "agricultural reforms" in Poland.
Thus, many agricultural owners in Poland, large, average and even smaller ones, were destroyed in the 80s of 1921-2002 – more specifically, already in the first half of this long period – expropriated, robbed, during revolutionary-war times mostly destroyed, murdered, and besides dispersed and destroyed as a separate social-cultural group. This goal of revolutionaries-reformers has been achieved, and the disastrous effects on us all proceed to be felt. Our nation has long been incomplete, without its appropriate historical leadership layer, which in the last 35 years was not rebuilt (!).
But – strangely – from the turn of the 19th/XXth century the agricultural strategy – in a narrower sense, given at the beginning – remained in our home (almost) until the beginning of the 21st century. due to the fact that it was not about his change that the historical revolutionary fight was going on, however, conducted under a perverse slogan... precisely his, or strategy of agricultural change (!). What a superb propaganda move! Today, too, in different areas of life, we see manifestations of a likewise sinister propaganda genius! Beware!
Here are a fewer quotes from our 2007 book mentioned above, which were drawn up after an analysis of the tabular compilations of agricultural census results from 1921 and 2002:
“We see that the expropriation of the Polish landownerry in the first half of the 20th century and the maintenance of this state until present was not a condition for the completion of the Polish peasantry. So both processes were not interdependent. There is no land as a social layer, and the current agricultural strategy (2002) is not much different from that of 1921" (p. 129).
“In a group of farms formerly known as dwarves (up to 2 hectares of agricultural land), we have seen a marked increase in numbers over the past eighty years... The comparative number of farms formerly known as tiny farms, but in a group with an agricultural area of 2-3 hectares, is almost stagnant... By more than 7 percent points, the number of tiny farms in the scope of 3-5 ha has decreased. (...) The scope of this kind of poorness has been widened and established in Poland, despite the long-established game of land estates. It besides reduced, in comparative and absolute terms, the number of these medium-agricultural farms, in the scope of 5-20 ha, which are the hope of pre-war reformers of our agriculture" (p. 129).
Thus, in the wake of planet War II and over the decades of the Polish People's Republic, but in the statistical dimension, "the mediocre remained mediocre and the rich became somewhat rich" (p. 130). Yes, people a small "richer" than their neighbours, but only specified – as we mentioned earlier – to whom the Polish People's Republic of Poland "commun" allowed to stay and work in the countryside in general.
C.D.N.
We besides recommend: The Tusk Coalition is introducing censorship. It's about amending the penal code.
