Chris Miller presents an engaging and solidly documented past of chips that govern the world. His book is an breathtaking communicative about the ongoing conflict between China and the US. Battles for control of the most crucial resource — microchip technology, which is an essential component of geostrategic competition in the 21st century (from the publisher).
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Chapter 42
Produced in China
"Without cybersecurity there is no national security," stated Xi Jinping, Secretary-General of the Communist organization of China in 2014, and without computerization there is no modernization" [1]. Xi, the boy of 1 of the first leaders of the Communist organization of China, studied engineering and then climbed to the tops of Chinese politics, due to the fact that like a chameleon he could fit the expectations of different groups. Nationalists of his “Chinese Dream” program promised national revival and accomplishment of the position of large power by the State of the mediate State and economical improvement by companies. any foreigners saw him as a hidden Democrat. For example, “New Yorker” immediately after Xi took office, he wrote that he was “a leader who surely knows that China must carry out real political reforms” [2]. The only certainty was Xi's political talent, his actual views were behind his clenched lips and fake smile.
Behind this grin could be surmising a sense of danger that characterized Xi's policy from the beginning of his regulation in China. He felt that the main danger was the digital world.
Most observers thought that there was nothing to fear about the issue of digital safety of their homeland Xi. Chinese leaders have the world's most effective net control system, employing many thousands of censors [3] to oversee online conversations. The state firewall cuts off citizens from a vast condition of network resources, by far disproving Western forecasts that the net will have a liberalizing impact on Chinese politics. Xi felt strong adequate to mock the Western belief that the net would spread democratic values. "The net has turned the planet into a global village" [4] said, despite the fact that many of the most popular services specified as Google and Facebook have been banned in China. He meant a different kind of global network than utopiats from the beginning of the net – he wanted a network that the Chinese government could usage to rule.
"We request to open ourselves up to the outside, deepen global net exchange and cooperation, and actively participate in the construction of “one lane and 1 road”, he said on another occasion, referring to his plan to refurbish the planet built by the Chinese infrastructure, which included not only roads and bridges, but besides network equipment and censor tools.
No another country was more effective in utilizing the digital planet for authoritarian purposes. China has tamed the urges of American technological giants. Google and Facebook were banned and replaced by native companies specified as Baidu and Tencent, which are fundamentally equivalent to their American competitors.
American technology companies that had access to the Chinese market, specified as Apple and Microsoft, were only allowed to do so after agreeing to cooperate with Chinese censorship. China has more than any another country subjected the net to the will of its leaders. abroad net and software companies could either adapt to all censorship rules established by the Communist organization or lose access to a immense market.
[1] Rogier Creemers (ed.), Central Leading Group for net safety and Infor-matization Establishment, "China Copyright and Media", March 1, 2014, https://chinacopyrightandmedia.wordpress.com/2014/03/01/central-leading-group-for-internet-security-and-informationization-established/
[2] Evan Ottos, Xi’s American Journey, "New Yorker", February 15, 2012.
[3] Katie Hunt, CY Xu, China Employs 2 Million to Police Internet, CNN, October 7, 2013.
[4] Rogier Creemers (ed.), Xi Jinping, Speech at the Work Conference for Cybersecurity and Informationization, "China Copyright and Media", April 19, 2016, https:// chinacopyrightandmedia.wordpress.com/2016/04/19/speech-at-the-work-conference-for-cybersecurity-and-informaticization/.
[5] Ibid.
[6] Ibid.
[7] Almost all CPU chips in computers are designed by American Intel or AMD companies, although both companies produce their chips in another countries.
[8] See U.N. Comtrade data for integrated circuits (8542) and crude oil (2709)
[9] Drew Harwell, Eva Dou, Huawei Tested AI Software That Could admit Uighur Minorities and Alert Police, study Says, "Washington Post", December 8, 2020.
[10] Paul Mozur, Don Clark, China’s Surveillance State Sucks Up Data. U.S. Tech Is Key to Sorting It, "New York Times", November 22, 2020.
[11] Oral past of Morris Chang, Computer past Museum.
