The concept of "earth recovered" by the lie – the elite of UBecistan and all ointments post-composed (also the most lyingly claiming post-solidarity) propaganda was very loudly and consistently mocked. It is advanced time to talk out loud, decisively and unequivocally: the concept of "earth recovered" has been mocked wrongly and unfairly. And the authors of this mocking to a large degree were and are types from under the dark star. frequently from the star of German scientific, supposedly cultural and German money, through hundreds of foundations, associations, investigation institutions, newspaper, online, tv or radio, as well as without ceremonies, straight and “to rhyme” generously paying what is more greedy to journalists, scientists, museums, cultural activists, writers, mayors, mayors and another memoirs for hiding and even removing and mocking the signs of Polish memory. And for money from the same Bundesrepublik Deutschland – for nurturing, exposing, publicizing signs of German memory. In this – precisely for mocking the word "earth recovered".
The fact that cynical mockery from the concept of "recovered lands" is wickedness and stupidity can be proven on the example, for example, that a large part of these lands incorporated into the Polish state in 1945 are areas, usually with ancient and most Polish cities, places crucial to Polish history, which have been part of Poland since the mediate Ages and torn out of Poland only in the late 18th century by the crime of partitions. And which, after the duration of this crime, which was dismembered, were not attached to the reborn Second Republic. The lands that Prussia torn apart together with Austria and Russia tore out and which Germany did not give back after 1918 – there was rather a lot. Among them was besides a tiny part of Gdansk Pomerania and a large area of Wielkopolska and Pilland and Babimoj Region, as well as Warmia, whose knighthood and burgherhood in 1454 in the company came to the King of Poland asking him to include it in the limits of his kingdom and to which the Crusaders were forced to agree by signing at the beginning of 1466 under the wording of the second Toruna room. Similarly, it was with all of the erstwhile Prussia (today it is mostly Mazury), but since 1466 this land has become the Lenin of Poland. Lenn by the treacherous Hohenzollers 2 centuries later from Poland separated. Is it any abuse to say about this large part of the lands annexed to Poland in 1945, that it is lands of d s k a n e? Is there anything to make fun of? Or is it not appropriate to name the land restored to Gdańsk? During the interwar period, this city had the position of an independent mini – states under the jurisdiction of the then League of Nations. Not belonging to Germany or Poland. Germany was an overwhelming majority in it, but is that an argument for the alleged Germanism of Gdańsk? After all, Gdańsk is simply a city which, in the strictest question of this sense – from the beginning to the end, "came from Poland". It existed and developed thanks to the fact that it is the outlet of the longest of Polish rivers and besides the most powerful Polish commercial and communication artillery. It was Vistula and quite a few its tributaries, most of what most Poles produced and exported from immense areas of Poland for almost all centuries of its history. It was thanks to Poland and only Poland in Gdańsk that 1 of the largest Baltic ports operated. It's out of the trade, and it's out of the brokerage that the full city of Gdańsk grew. Gdańsk without Poland (or the lands, people and economy located in the historical place of Poland) – would never have been created or existed. After planet War I, the German majority of Gdańsk, in the frenzy of anti-Polish contempt, went mad with hatred for Poland. The effect? Poles built Gdynia, giving up the port in Gdańsk, which brought an inevitable financial – economical disaster to Gdańsk. A mindless rage filled with anti-Polish hatred of Gdansk The Germans then became even more furious. Based on the fact that next to Breslau at the time it became the strongest centre of Nazism. The same Gdańsk, which in the 14th century Poland was torn by the Teutonic Knights murdering the Polish population and bringing to its place – German. The 1 regained later in the mid-15th century, striving for any kind of autonomy, but Polish, although as it was expected to be on the city in the harbor – multinational, full of not only Poles and Germans, but besides English, Dutch, Scandinavians, Armenians, Jews and God knows who else. But always everything those visitors from almost all over the planet in Gdańsk had – it was the consequence of transactions with Poland and Poles, the consequence of brokering and trade of Polish grain, Polish wood, Polish wax, Polish tar and another goods purchased from Poland or to Poland exported. Thus, despite the fact that after the crimes to measurement genocide (because that is what they did in the Pomeranian Teutonic Knights in the 14th century), after the age of national captivity and after long-term Germanization – the majority of Gdańsk was German-speaking, and the identity of Gdańsk and its affiliation could only be Polish. Is there anything that can be mocked in the concept of “recovered Polish Gdańsk”?
With another parts of the land recovered, the case is somewhat more complex. Since the mediate Ages, Western Pomerania has repeatedly passed from hand to hand. In the hands of the first Piasts there was even Rugia, but then the times of the rulers of Brandenburg and Mecklenburg and related Polish Gryfits and the Western Pomeranian Piasts in the 14th and 15th centuries inactive had their principalities there, though they were different with them. Kazka Słupski wanted to be the boy of Kazimierz Wielki and later Piastów Zachodniopomorskie close Grunwald appeared as guests of the order (although they surrendered as 1 of the first ones, which in part contributed to the Polish victory). Before Western Pomerania was anchored by the Prussians there were besides Danes and Swedes. However, per balance – this part of the land recovered either deserves to the smallest degree or their recovery took place after the longest period. Things are different with Silesia. After planet War I, the plebiscite area was inactive so widely present that the full of Opole became a plebiscite area. The majority (obtained by methods frequently far from honest) advocated belonging to Germany. Which resulted in the outbreak of the uprising, including the largest and bloodiest of its battles—the Mount of Saint Anne. due to us they will lose, but so immense and fierce, that immediately after her won, the Germans on her top erected a colossal monument of theirs with a hard triumph. The western part of Silesia (called Lower Silesia) fell from Poland in the mid-14th century. According to prof. Jerzy Łojek, the minute of the breakup (after which attempts at Polish return were already unsuccessful) was the treaty signed in 1348. Although the Duchy of Świdnicko – Jaworskie declared its membership to Poland for respective decades. Silesia was then lost to the Czech Republic, which in turn in 1526 were forced to give way to the Habsburg Monarchy. And this Silesia of Prussia ripped out a series of wars in the mid-18th century.
It is time to ask: was the city of Wrocław recovered by Poland in 1945? If (like the "Historical Calendar" by Prof. Jerzy Łojek) to sum up the affiliation of Wrocław during eleven centuries of its past it would look little – more like this: to the Czech Republic Wrocław belonged from (date frequently considered legendary and the city at that time was only a tiny town) of 923 to ca. 982 (hereinafter 985 – specified a year of construction of the castle Lives I on Ostrów Tumski was determined by radiocarbon method). Between 982 and 1348 there is simply a Polish regulation (including the Polish princes of Piębowski, in 1290 by close to Henryk Probus, after receiving the crown, in Wrocław he would establish the capital of his Polish kingdom). Then until 1526 the Czechs reign here, until the wars of the 1740s – 1756 Habsburgs, to whom Silesia and Wrocław are shouting Prussians. By 1945, we have any 235 years of Czech rule, 366 (or at least 351) Polish, 214 to 230 Austrian and possibly 205 (or possibly only 189) full Prussian and German. There was besides a Hungarian episode in the 15th century, and a large part of the Czech regulation is the regulation of 2 Jagiillons, a boy and brother of Polish kings, who were entrusted with their throne by the Czechs. In total, a good mish -masz, there is not 1 thing to argue about, but if you number the last eighty years, it turns out that the full Polish regulation over Śląski and its historical capital (which is Wrocław, whatever you think about it in Katowice a fewer centuries ago not associated with Śląski) is almost half a millennium. So much more than the sum of Prussian, German and Austrian rule.
Yes, during the interwar period Wrocław was definitely German. The top full understood number was Jews. The wealthy, being a large part of the Wrocław elite, though barely twenty-thousand. That's only a fewer percent of the city's population. There were more Austrians (Austrians, in 1938 absorbed by the 3rd Reich, and God knows how many who consider themselves to be anything importantly different from another subjects of Hitler's totalitarian satrapies). In his celebrated book Norman Davies the number of Wrocław Poles in the years before And the planet War estimated respective tens of thousands, possibly 10% of the city's population. However, Poland's regaining independency and endless acts of anti-Polish aggression by the vast majority of Wroclaw Poles led to moving behind the east side of the border, i.e. to the Second Republic. In Wroclaw, however, there were adequate of them left to support their church, to have their associations here and adequate students that the Nazis had to organize against whom to organize their campaigns and then whom to decision to a camp in Gross Rosen. And even after these acts of repression or direct – extermination was to whom to establish the opposition "Olimp". Also, almost 1 of respective twelve members, murdered by the Germans. How easy after specified a band of consistent extermination to say, “Poles are not here!” That's what the Germans said about the Poles here and sometimes they say that and today...
When we go back a 100 more years, it turns out that inactive in the 19th century Wrocław and Dolny Śląski besides constituted the diocese of the Roman Catholic Church invariably from the year 1000 under the direction of the Gniezno metropolis. Invariably over 8 100 years! Which was not meaningless due to the fact that Catholics on this earth were small little than Protestants. He introduced the change in the membership of the Vatican Church here only after the consequences of the introduction of the school work by Prussia. Only the coercion of everyday lessons in the German language in the first decades of the 19th century resulted in the disappearance of the Polish language, which was disowned by the German. However, the traces of Polishness remained without a trace. A immense part of the Lower Silesians and Wrocławans had names ending with “sky”, “tzky” alko “tschytzk” (e.g. Adamtschytzk, Kovaltschyzk) or otherwise betraying Polish etymology. Whoever remembers the old Wrocław cemeteries knows how much of the tombstones had engraved specified sounding names. The vast majority of Lower Silesian and almost all Wrocław local names had Polish pedigree. No attempts to replace them with German onymastics have done anything. The strength of users' habitation of names specified as Popowitz, Personalitz, Grabschen and almost all others – was besides strong. So it can be assumed that even though the interwar Wrocław was rather decisively German – it is, to a large extent, a German rather a young date. frequently – a German small more than epidermal.
What about the top chords of the large past of this city over a 1000 years old? 1 of these chords, which most predicted the metropolitan character of the city, was the establishment of a bishopric in Wrocław, which took place in the year 1000 due to Bolesław Chrobry, 25 years later crowned as the first Polish king. The first large scientists from this part of Central Europe – they are besides Poles: Witelon (in the University of Padua, defined as “Poland from Wrocław”) and Benedict Polak (the first large traveler in the past of Europe and besides the creator of Oriental philology). All the oldest monuments in Wrocław – are Piast Foundations. Both all churches and all castles (in Ostrów, in Forestry and those of which there is the least, in place of the arsenal and the main university building). If we add to this the oldest, written in the “Book of Henry” Polish conviction and the characters of respective prominent hierarchs of the local Church (the Cross of Pogorzela, Nankera, Thurzona) we will find that it is not essential to scrape into the shell of the local Austrianism or Germanism to dig into crucial resources of Polish contribution to the Wrocław history.
What has changed the years of planet War II? The answer is clear, apparent and very short: they changed everything. ALL! Prepared and mostly realized Gneralplan Ost had the eventual aim of annihilating the Polish nation. Of the uncounted losses and inactive unestablished figures, 1 is certain: the difference between the number of Polish citizens established by the 1946 census and the 1938 statistics. This failure of Polish citizens amounted to over 11 million. Even if we presume that a large part of this defect was the consequence of changes in borders, resettlements and another migrations, it is impossible to challenge millions of Poles with the most premeditation of Germans murdered solely due to their Polish national affiliation. And in this terrible number – killing most Polish landowners, Polish intelligence, Polish leadership groups. After the acts of genocide, specified a terrible speech could not be about the coexistence of Poles and Germans in the same territory, nor about the boundaries in the form of pre-genocidal – looting frenzy, which in 1939 engulfed the overwhelming majority of Germans. Speeches could not be that belonging to Germany of the erstwhile east Prussia and Silesia was inactive like ticks tightening over central Poland and the Polish capital itself. On the ground, the Germans themselves took hundreds of thousands of Poles as slave workers and prisoners of German concentration camps. After the start of the most terrible of wars, in which in a fewer years life lost respective twelve million people of speech, it could not be that any future form of Germany could have anything to say about any of the Germans. During the war, the customized of writing the word “German” from a lower letter was spontaneously accepted. And to whom it is lawful to know what happened during the war, this 1 is not surprised. The scale of German crimes has besides argued that the east German border should be moved at least to the line of Oder and Lyssa Lusatia. What another satrapia, Russian-Soviet, at the same time gave the chance to hand over to the Polish territorial compensation for much greater, constituting about half of the territory of the Second Republic, the lands seized Poland by Stalin tearing Poland apart in 1939 in a company with Hitler. For this russian edition, the east half of the russian Poland, with the applause of the winning United States and the United Kingdom, gave Poland compensation in the form of recovered lands. Including – Wrocław. Earth destroyed and frequently robbed. In parts returning to Poland after the partitions and after Poland did not recover what it belonged to it in 1918 or later. And frequently – recovered after centuries. Stanisław Grabski and Stefan Kisielewski wrote that "the border on Oder and Nysa is the most logical and apparent thing." Jan Długosz dreamed of specified a border in the 15th century. The border with Germany was the shortest, the origin of the most terrible aggression, the generator of a series of wars – not only Poles dreamed about it. due to the fact that a simple and short line is an chance to halt the ancient aggressors, a hope to subdue the top origin of war. Germany itself contributed decisively to the establishment of specified a border. They're the ones who committed their unparalleled crimes, their death factories on the line of Oder and Nysa. If millions want the “lifespace” achieved by burning in the furnaces of full nations, then the withdrawal of specified millions on the Odra-Nysa line is the most delicate dimension of the most justified punishment.
And Poles, as a consequence of the German thought of "the surviving space obtained by burning in the furnaces of the nations inhabiting it", returned to Western and North Earth in 1945. Including Wrocław. prof. Hugo Steinhaus wrote about what it looked like at the time: “the biggest pile of grandparents on Europe's largest pile of rubble.” due to the fact that Wrocław was a heap of rubble and Poles arriving to it were survivors of the demolition of the remnants of the Polish nation. Left by the Germans to bare skin robbed, starved and barely alive. These fragments of the Polish nation in 1945 began to revive the burnt ruins of Wrocław. Under the conditions of the fresh russian enslavement, they rebuilt the home after the house, the mill after the factory. They have created from scratch crucial centres of discipline and culture sometimes even of the planet rank. After thirty-five years of this effort, Poles in Wrocław besides built 1 of the first bastions of liberation from communism of all nations trampled on russian satrapia. These eighty fresh years, although in part and ancient Wrocław, are a immense part of frequently even an incredibly lofty and wonderful story. This is simply a large part of our Polish national history. And despite all its disadvantages, a immense and powerfully justified reason for Polish national pride.
Artur Adamski
