U.S. president Donald Trump one more time has large plans: according to election announcements, he wants to install a fresh rocket defence strategy to defend the U.S. from air threats and even from space. The Golden Dome is expected to cost at least $175 billion and be completed by the end of Trump's word in January 2029. According to information from the Pentagon, the US are exposed to an expanding threat from Russia and China.
However, critics inform against immense costs and unrealistic timetables. Democrats besides expressed concerns about the public procurement process and the possible participation of SpaceX, a company belonging to Trump's ally, Elon Musk. This task has besides caused global concern. China criticised it as threatening global strategical balance and stability.
How could specified a shield work?
The Israeli Iron Dome strategy is to service as a model for the Golden Dome. It has been utilized since March 2011 and captures short-range missiles and artillery missiles. It consists of 3 elements: a radar unit, a control center and a rocket launcher. A large difference compared to the Trump Golden Dome: The Iron Dome is designed to defend against short-range rockets and defend tiny territory. In addition, it is simply a mobile strategy that can be utilized in many places.
Meanwhile, the American version is besides to be able to capture intercontinental rockets with atomic warheads. This is simply a continuation of US plans from the days of president Ronald Reagan (1981-1989). He wanted to make an anti-missile shield called "stellar wars" in mention to the series of films "Star wars", in which interception systems were to be placed in space.
Trump's space plan is to make a network of satellites that will detect, track and possibly capture missiles coming from, for example, Russia or China. specified a shield may include hundreds of satellites for rocket detection and tracking.
According to U.S. Secretary of defence Pete Hegseth, the intended shield is to “protect the homeland from maneuvering, ballistic, hypersonic and drone missiles, whether conventional or atomic warheads”. It is not yet clear what technologies will be utilized for this purpose.
Greek Iron Dome
In addition to the US, there are also countries that took the Israeli strategy as a model or at least usage it as a media slogan for their system. According to Israeli Brigadier General Shachar Shohat at rest, this causes quite a few confusion. "The Iron Dome has become a brand specified as Coca Cola, which everyone now uses due to the fact that it has been a large success," he said in an interview with the military magazine defence News.
At the end of 2024, Greece announced a crucial increase in the defence budget and the construction of a shield – akin to the Iron Dome – to defend against drones and missiles, after advancement on the European Sky Shield air defence strategy proved besides slow. However, the Greek variant differs from the Israeli mobile rocket defence system, as the threat is different," explained defence minister Nikos Dendias. Greece must first defend itself against drone attacks.
Other countries besides expressed interest in the Iron Dome system. According to information provided by Pieter Wezeman, an analyst from the Stockholm global Institute for Peace investigation (SIPRI), the American magazine Newsweek in 2023, were Romania and Cyprus in 2022, Azerbaijan in 2016, South Korea in 2012, India in 2010 and Singapore in 2009, However, India and South Korea have yet failed to implement these plans and in another cases there is no confirmation of actual orders or deliveries.
European Sky Shield initiative
Comparisons to the Iron Dome strategy have already appeared at European level. The European Sky Shield Initiative (ESSI) was launched in 2022. Its aim is to accomplish as coordinated a short, average and long-range defence strategy as possible in order to defy any threats from the air. According to the German Ministry of Defence, 23 countries have already joined this initiative.
This initiative follows "the same logic" as the Israeli air defence system," said Deputy Chief of Staff of the Austrian Armed Forces, Lieutenant General Bruno Hofbauer, in an interview with the Austrian Press Agency. Both systems aim to combat threats from air at multiple levels.
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