Can indifference be innocent? [1].
Although Władysław Tatarkiewicz has not been peculiarly estimated lately, any advise to even throw him in the garbage [2], however, writing that he is an example of a Polish intelligent man who has committed a symbolic execution on Jews is already a clear sign of the present demolition. If you can be so splashed about Tatarkiewicz, then you can be all about everyone, as shortly as the thing is about Polish-Jewish relations. Of course, provided that everyone is identified with the Polish side.Yes, there have been times erstwhile it was besides written about individual "by name" uncreated nonsense, but this was mostly about politicians. So people who lie professionally themselves, so letting go of imaginary anecdotes about politicians is not considered a grave sin [3].
However, Monica Skznaderman did not mean anecdote, but alternatively a logical conclusion from an earlier general thesis:
Can Indifference Kill? Either a word - does it kill as effectively as a stone, an axe or an ork, like a fire set in a barn? For many, if not for most Poles, their judaic neighbors for centuries lived exclusively as a mention point for their own Polish views and feelings: in exceptional and best cases as a valuable part of their individual world, most frequently as a dark object of jealousy and hatred, as a sinful projection of disgust and desire, as an economical problem and a political issue to settle, as, in short, the emanation of invincible alienity, alternatively than as a real human being from blood and bone (Forgers, p. 228. Of course, it can be regrettable that it looked like this on the Polish side. But at least to the same degree for many, if not for most Jews their Polish neighbors lived for centuries only as a mention point for their own judaic views and feelings. As, in short, the emanation of invincible alienity. In the case of spiritual Jews, alienity is much more insurmountable, starting with food ("I will not eat with you" - says Shylock at Shakespeare) to another unclean matters of the goys [4]. Although they could besides bless Polish neighbors sometimes. But do you remember the blessing the rabbi had at first Violin on the Roof. God bless the Tsar distant from us!There is something about diplomacy, specified as the rule of reciprocity, which about obliges citizens of both sides to be treated identically. That is why I will now leave Władysław Tatarkiewicz for 15 minutes, so that Monika Sznajderman's communicative about the hostility and indifference of Poles balance a fewer snapshots about the hostility and indifference of Jews, so that Polish-Jewish relations may become a small more diplomatic.
Dissection, desperate insurrection, failure of independency etc. - these Polish traumas were absolutely indifferent to the vast majority of Jews surviving in Poland. If 1 of them is not indifferent, like Berek Joselewicz, then as an extraordinary horn he now has his streets in respective twelve Polish cities. [5].
And then? I think you know him. Mr Tadeusz, the noble past of 1811 and 1812, our favourite Polish national poem in which - according to the frequently cited court of Norwid - "the only serious and Seriously. The figure is who? Jew (Jankiel)" [6]. You know? Well, listen.
Jankiel, indeed, is simply a figure seriously, but - something he does not mention in school - this strengthening Jewish-patriot pattern ("He besides had the fame of a good Pole", IV, 264 [7]) is above all a fantastic figure. At best, Mickiewicz's dream - and 1 that hides much more than he reveals.
[J]as a way - asked Simon Askenazy over a century ago - Jankiel among Lithuanian kahals, serving intelligence for Kutuzov's staff? [8].The character was truly different - confirmed Henryk Mościcki - due to the fact that Jews in the war of 1812 marked their sympathy for Russia and the crowd took part in the Russian spy accent [9].
Chaim Löw, too, though on the 1 hand he thought Askenazy had overreacted, admitted: However, in view of the pronunciation of the documents, we are faced with the historical fact that, apart from occasional accidents, Jews were spying on Russia. The fact remains a fact, and contradicts this image that Mickiewicz gave us. So, in this case, did instinct confuse the witch, or did he forget about his native surroundings the fear of the yarmulkes he is referring to, and hear about 1 or 2 Polish patrjots, he made his Jankiel an emissary of the national, not relenting in patryotism to Fr. [10]. This objectively mentioned natural fear of informers in jarmules appears already in the first book [11]. So it's like scratching the background of the subsequent accidents; a background so apparent that there's no request to talk about it anymore.But the yarmulkus are stupid due to the fact that the real horror - which, however, accidents in Mr Tadeusz They no longer include - it was to start later, at the time of the retreat of the large Army (with more than 30 1000 people of the Polish corps).
Alexander number Fredro, who went through the full Napoleonic campaign, described it in Three by three:
In 812 [so with Fredry!] in Lithuania, and then besides in the Principality the Jews became our chief enemies. [...] In Vilnius, they plagued themselves without pity on semi-frozen prisoners of war, tore them to the snow, and the healthier, stronger murdered in homes for any embroidered uniform or mediocre fur or in hopes of uncovering any of Moscow's fabulous treasures [12]. The memory of these judaic works continued in Vilnius and around the younger ones. 17 November 1818 Jan Checzot, secretary of the Philomat Society, read at the gathering Pride over the graves of the French, 1813 behind Vilnius by the road, to Novgorod leading, buried, in which the most wickedness turns out to be a company with a sound cleaner: Which the Philistine oppressed and the Egyptians,With this bunch of vile, treacherous, without virtue, conscience,
The monster germs of human sperm. [13]. And so there are 2 separate stories throughout the stormy 19th century. Take, for example, Novosilcov, the character of almost emblematic evil in Mickiewicz. For Poles he was a cruel, child-sentary [14]And for the Jews, "the angel sent by Providence" [15].
Jewish spies and informers, this preconfiguration of 20th-century looters, did not deficiency later and in the November uprising [16], and in the January uprising.
Yesterday, a Cossack ward led by 20 Jews from the city of Łukowa, fell into the village of Jastrzębie Pluta and began to punish the inhabitants successively with beatings, both men and women, especially those whom the Jews mentioned [17]. They were rewarded for their zeal, besides from Polish property. So if individual does not deficiency this chucpa, which present allows to title books "How Poles murdered Jews helped Germans", then he has here ready material for the book "How Jews murdered Poles helped Poles". And at the end of the day, he might have noticed that in the next century nothing fresh will happen, and only roles will be replaced, because, as the youth say, "karma returns".But, Ebenezer! What a comparison! It's not good to say that! The Doomsday is simply a very different scale. Well, for people who don't deficiency a chuchpa, it's most likely not an obstacle. But of course I agree - the scale is incomparable. but that this difference wasn't decided by any larger condition of deadly indifference. It is only due to the Germans, who murdered Jews incomparably ahead in the organization and momentum of Russians murdering Poles. Let's not take it distant from them.
And now I will return for a minute to Władysław Tatarkiewicz and his symbolic execution on Jews, due to the fact that any time ago on the website of the Black Publishing House, which published the book Monika Sznaderman, the following notable information appeared:
The Czarne Sp. z o.o. Publishing House, based in Wołowiec and Monika Sznaderman-Pasierska, inform that in connection with the settlement concluded on the protection of individual property from the origin of Dr. Jan Jakub Tatarkiewicz, the grandson of Prof. Władysław Tatarkiewicz, from future editions of the book entitled "Falsher of Pepper. household history" by Monika Sznajderman (ed. "Black Publishing" Sp. z o.o.), will be removed from the fact the proposition that in the memories of Prof. Władysław Tatarkiewicz there is no word about Jews that Jews do not be in them, which is simply a manifestation of indifference towards their destiny and "symbolic murder, even before their Nazis were murdered." The current edition of the book will be withdrawn from circulation. The settlement provides for a transfer of the monetary amount to the social nonsubjective [18]. This is besides good and bad news.Okay, due to the fact that although the book went into the planet a long time ago, my grandson yet cleared Grandpa of his nasty talk. [19].
Evil, due to the fact that only words "as in the memories of the prominent philosopher Władysław Tatarkiewicz" proved unacceptable. If Monika Sznajderman had not gone besides far with these 7 words, if she had carefully limited herself to generals of "Polish intelligence" or put the name of individual who did not leave his grandchildren behind, everything would have been as fine as possible.
Including this purely Polish indifference, which supposedly caused in Polish-Jewish relations indifference to Jews only. And naturally including this Polish symbolic murder, due to the fact that so far only prof. Władysław Tatarkiewicz has been acquitted.
Although this event will yet be qualified by individual to whom chuchpy does not lack, as another example of purely Polish obsession of innocence.
[1] Monica Skwiderman, Pepper forgers. household History, Czarne Publishing House, Volowiec 2016, p. 231. A book is not just any book. In 2017, she was included in the final of the Literary Award "Nike", and earlier on the 4th page of the cover was late completed by Henryk Grynberg and prof. Barbara Engelking, further quoted as Forgers.
[2] "What nonsense! It's all bullshit! To the garbage with this!". So succinctly summarizes History of Philosophy Tatarkiewicza Piotr Nowak (Growing troglodytes. Notes on Higher Education and Modern Man's intellectual Culture, The Foundation of August hr. Cieszkowski, Warsaw 2014, p. 152). It seems that troglodyt farming began much earlier than the author thinks. Perhaps, however, he can't imagine what Tatarkiewicz's kind was washed out of emotion, the cover of cool water, in hot times erstwhile joyous marches moved from right to left (or vice versa) and there was no deficiency of emotion at all.
Nb. I wouldn't head an equally harsh assessment of Tatarkiewicz's epigons. Indeed, there are besides many specified bores. But epigons are not flies and do not attract their garbage or anything worse; conversely, their abundance is rather a measurement of greatness. And a fistful of frivolous foolishness can be easy extracted from Plato.
[3] But it's already a sin to pretend that anecdote is not just anecdote. Alan Dershowitz, 1 of the most influential representatives of the judaic diaspora in America, tells what Ignacy Paderewski thought of his fellow countrymen:
"Ignacy Paderewski, Polish Prime Minister after planet War I, discussed his country's problems with president Wilson. «If our demands are not met at the conference table, Paderewski said, I foresee serious problems in my country. People will be so angry that many of them are going to do a pogrom to Jews». “What happens if your demands are met?” president Wilson asked. «Well, people will be so happy then that they will get drunk and throw a pogrom to the Jews».
I postponed very freely, so for connoisseurs the original:
"Ignacy Paderewski, Poland's post-World War I prime minister was discusing his country's problems with president Woodrow Wilson. «If our requirements are not met at the conference table,» he said, «I can foresee serious problem in my country. Why, my people will be so irrational that many of them will get drunk and go out and massacre the Jews.» «And what will happen if your demands are granted?» asked president Wilson. «Why, my people will be so happy that they will get drunk and go out and massacre the Jews.» (Alan M. Dershowitz, The Vanishing American Jew. In Search of judaic Identity for the Next Century, Little, Brown and Company 1997, pp. 78-79).
For Poles, this anecdote story It may be obvious, but in America we gotta compose about Polish matters without any understatements. How indifferent these matters are there - besides Dershowitz himself and even erstwhile it comes to Polish Jews - proves that just before the communicative about Paderewski he writes what about conventional Polish anti-Semitism he thinks "Adam Michnick, the judaic Solidarity leader in Poland" (p. 78). And it wasn't a random typo, due to the fact that it was in a book that was published earlier. Chutzpah (Little, Brown and Company 1991) "Michnick" appears most likely 7 times, and there are inactive respective times "Bronislav Geremeck". The stories of judaic solidarity are so rather exaggerated, due to the fact that although Dershowitz in the late 1980s personally met both Michnick and Geremeck, he did not even want to evidence their names.
Nb. book Chutzpah He does not think that it is ugly and gratuitous to be a chuchpier, for the Jew-chuchpier is simply a joy for the anti-Semites. On the contrary, the first conviction of this book is, "American Jews request more chutzpach". Apparently, without anti-Semites, judaic identity is wilting and wasting.
Returning to the communicative about Paderewski. Sometimes, though, it can be presented honestly as "a cynical joke" It's inactive a small risky. Which is best seen erstwhile an experimentation tries to reverse this joke.
Binjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel, discussed his country's problems with president Biden. "If our conduct in the Gaza Strip is not full accepted by the global community, Netanyahu said, I foresee serious problems in my country. Soldiers will be so angry that it will end in a massacre of Palestinian civilians." "And what happens if your conduct is accepted?" asked president Biden. "Well, soldiers will be glad to be able to massacre Palestinian civilians from now on."
[4] "There was besides a street from the marketplace leading to the church. This street was called “Tymegas” in Jewish, which means “Unclean” street in a free translation. Dirty due to the fact that she led to church. The judaic church was besides called This. [...] I cannot truly divorce myself about the relations between Jews and Poles. We stayed distant from each other" (Józef Sztański, The hopper I remember, "The Quarterly of judaic History" 2011, No. 3, pp. 349, 352.
That's how the mediocre judaic boy remembered it. What about before the war, the intelligence?
"Someone who had no money could [during the war] sometimes number on the aid of friends of Poles. However, only assimilated judaic intelligence had specified opportunities. The evidence of prof. Marian Minorist, who was saved by Polish friends from the University and fellow teachers from the Kreczmar School, has been discussed. However, most Jews did not have friends of Poles. In support of this opinion, it is worth quoting prof. Minor: «When I was a teacher, I made a survey among our students in consultation with a fellow Aryan. We asked Jews: what kind of Poles do you know, what kind of Polish streets do you know? We asked Poles by analogy. It turns out that my judaic students don't know any Pole but the caretaker, that they actually know nothing about this society. Completely identical on the Polish side». According to the Minor, this phenomenon was absolutely common. Even at specified elite university seminars as conducted by Professors Handelsman and Czarnowski, Jews and non-Jews did not have any social relations with each other. No Aryan came to the doctoral promotion of the Minor" (Andrzej Żbikowski, Members, [in:] Samuel Willenberg, Rebellion in Treblinka, Library of "The Ties", Warsaw 2004, p. 183.
[5] "The Kosciuszko Revolution, raising judaic hopes of equality, kidnapped him too. He's the only Jew. He placed his signature in the book of accessions to the uprising" (Jan Zbigniew Pachoński, the biography of Berk Joselewicz in the Polish Biographical Dictionary, Volume I, p. 446; my distinction).
Nb. It is not always remembered that already 2 years after the fall of this revolution Joselewicz proposed "the formation of an 6-8-thousand judaic corps", but this time... of an Austrian possessor. So possibly not so much was the spirit of patriotic indifference taken distant from him, but the joy of breaking out from the turn of the dull judaic fate, so that he could taste the adventure of the warrior. And since he did not deficiency fantasy, even the thought of this multi 1000 judaic corps proves. The Austrians did not take advantage of the proposal due to the fact that I think they considered him a nutter or a huchsztapler.
And with these streets in respective twelve Polish cities it is not a rhetorical exaggeration, but a fact. In the eyes of Jews, any Poles - Karski? Sendler's? We are written to be bored of conventional Polish anti-Semitism and its grim fantasies, while the enthusiastic outbreaks of philosemitism besides - as with Berk - are overlooked on fantasy based. Another example of specified a wishful fantasy is the legend of "Jew with a Cross" during the 1861 manifestation - even Norwid fell for it. Michael Landy was indeed killed at the time, but there is no evidence that he had previously taken the cross from the hands of the killed one, either.
[6] In the footnote, I will give the full Norwegian summary of Mr Tadeusz, due to the fact that someway it is not good to cut out only a fewer words from him:
"Mr Tadeusz: the favourite and celebrated national Polish poem in which the only serious and Seriously. The figure is who? Jew (Jankiel). Besides: adventurers, man-made, storytellers, bellies who eat, drink, mushrooms collect and They're waiting for the French to come to their homeland... Women in this national masterpiece two: 1 - Petersburg metrosa, second - You're a guest girl.And an appendix without a profile. Master backgrounds, landscapes higher than Ruysdael. Here. Mr TadeuszOh, my God! scenery and satirical poem" (Cyprian Norwid, Letters All, Volume 9: Letters. 1862-1872, collected, the text determined, in the introduction and critical remarks treated Julius Wiktor Gomulicki, State Publishing Institute, Warsaw 1971, p. 272; letter to Wojciech Cybulski from January 1867; distinctions for this edition).
Nb. Norwid's been like this twice before. Mr Tadeusz He summarized in his correspondence, including this phrase about the hebrew as the only figure there seriously. First in a letter to Karol Ruprecht from April 1866 and then in a letter to Józef Ignacy Kraszewski from May 1866.
[7] Here and there I quote. Mr Tadeusz for issue in Works of All (Ossolineum 1969, by Konrad Górski), giving the book number and verse.
Nb. On the side I leave an intriguing question as to the degree to which Jankiel is besides a "pre-Leninian figure", that is, individual who secretly directs others for their sake (as he understands them himself) - like a professional revolutionary in Lenin. W Mr Tadeusz It seldom appears on proscenium, while it works far more frequently behind the scenes. It is rather possible that he was the 1 who brought Moscow erstwhile he felt that his subjects had crossed the line.
Who from the villages brought the Moscow battalion?
Who so rapidly gathered the vicinity from the courtyards?
Asessor-li, or Jankiel?
But no 1 most likely knew at that time or potém (IX, 72-75).
One can even get the impression that Jankiel's Jewry was needed by Mickiewicz mainly to emphasize that it is individual from another planet and reasoning differently than those of the another adventurers and pasibulars. (In Lenin, a professional revolutionary besides comes from outside to bring revolutionary consciousness to the working class, though it is simply a tart, but with excessively broad horizons.) All the more so, that contrary to frequently expressed ideas, Mickiewicz had a alternatively vague thought of judaic customs. He was incorrect even in simple matters and, for example, in Book IV, just before the introduction of Jankiel's character, mentions "the eyeballs,"
Which the Jews, praying on their heads, hang,
And which in their own way, "cices" they call (IV, 203-204).
Meanwhile tits These are tales, prayer scarves, and the "heads" are tefilin, tiny boxes with fragments of the Torah, which the devout hebrew attaches to his forehead and shoulder by praying.
[8] Simon Askenase, By the way of Kordyan, "Historical Quarterly" 1902, Volume XVI, No. 4, p. 584.
[9] Henryk Mościcki, On the margin of "Mr. Tadeusz", "Illustrated Weekly 1920, No. 49, p. 905. So is Janusz Iwaszkiewicz:
"Lithuanian politician wrote on 13 April that most Vilnius nobles are hostile to the government, and the remainder are shaky and uncertain. The governors stated unanimously that only the judaic population showed attachment to Russia, that in fear of the arrival of the judaic commune's enemies ordered fasting and prayers for the success of the Russian weapon" (Janusz Iwaszkiewicz, Lithuania in 1812, Gebethner and Wolff, Warsaw 1912, pp. 59-60).
All these opinions are confirmed besides by the contemporary historian quoting the news circulating on the another side that "at all almost general of Moscow are Jews on services, especially kept for spying [...] Jews from the Return of Moscals highly confounded" (Dariusz Nawrot, Lithuania and Napoleon in 1812, University of Silesia Publishing House, Katowice 2008, footnote 31 on p. 635).
[10] Chaim Löw [after the war Leon Przemski], Jankiel's pedigree (In the century "Mr."Jewish Monthly" 1934, No. 5, p. 387. Löw then tries to prove that Jankiel, however, is not necessarily a fantasy and could have had any real original, but at the end agrees that Mickiewicz "has evidently exaggerated a bit and so Jankiel came out so idealized" (p. 401).
[11] And I will objectively callback this memory here:
There are times erstwhile news is like a stone from heaven
She fell into Lithuania; sometimes the grandpa begging bread,
Without a hand or without a leg, taking alms,
He stood there and turned his eyes around.
When he didn't see Russian soldiers in the court,
No yarmulkes, no red collars,
At that time, he confessed; he was a legionary,
He brought old bones to his homeland (I, 906-913).
"Red collars" is - as explained by Stanisław Pigoń in the ninth edition Mr Tadeusz in the National Library - "in the Student Guarantee: Russian officers, police activists, from the colour of uniform collars".
[12] Alexander Fredro, Three by three, [in:] Letters All, Volume XIII, Part One: Powder, National Publishing Institute 1968, p. 178. Second sentence, recorded in the brulion, for: Alexander Fredro, Letters All, Volume XIII, Part Two: Comment, National Publishing Institute 1969, p. 138.
[13]Philomat Poetry, Volume I, published by Jan Czubek, The Polish Akademji Skills, Kraków 1922, p. 14. And there's inactive more:
May all the wicked tribe perish,
What disfigures the large work that infects the earth,
The wicked, which is God's chief of his belongings,
Dispersed, wandering the planet of space.
Wanderers!... we gave them, heavenly, refuge,
And our saviours walk in the underground shadows! (p. 15).
Because Chechot read this Pride In the consciousness of his friend from childhood, Adam Mickiewicz, only this 1 event breaks the legend of Adam's expected judaic roots. Even if they were just vicious rumors, I'm certain the Chechet wouldn't let himself to be so rude. The simple conclusion is that at the time there were no rumours, although it would surely not be possible to silence them in the local community facing specified a remarkable event as the matrimony of a noblewoman to a virgin of baptized Jews.
Nb. In a fewer weeks later, Mickiewicz read his comments on Pride Check. "The depiction of the death of terrible French warriors and the tormentive waiting of robbers [i.e. wicked Jews] are very much attracted" - emphasised Adam Mickiewicz, Works, Volume V: The writings are prose. Part one, Publishing Cooperative "Reader", Warsaw 1955, p. 145).
[14] inactive in the 3rd part's purity Grandpas scene VIII "Mr. Senator" wore the heading "Le senateur croquemitain" (correctly: Le sénateur croquemitaine), and Croquemitaine is simply a fabulous figure from French folklore. Sometimes he just scares, sometimes kidnaps, sometimes even eats. "And eat your youth," says the Beast in the ball scene. They wrote a recital about it. Grandpas Wenceslaw Kubacki in Mickiewicz's Archdrama and Zofia Stefanowska in Trying to be sane.
[15] In 1815, the delegation of the Jews from the Kingdom hands a memorial "full of expressions of gratitude and appreciation for its protection (in it called Nowosiltsov "sent by Providence an angel, happily chosen by God to end the tribulation and defeat")" (Ignacy Schiper, Jews of the Kingdom of Poland in November, Institute of Judaistic Sciences in Warsaw, Warsaw 1932, p. 64). An angel - due to the fact that he caused (to be understood, for a good bribe) the cessation of the decree to push Jews distant from making and making liquor. Ba, Nowosiltsov, this eater of Polish children, the Jews even defended against accusations of ritual murder! (pp. 65-66).
[16] "It is said that the Jews of Płocki were to behave the worst: they were to guide the enemy to Polish positions and point to the cities of people connected with insurgents. This led to a number of acts of retaliation from the Polish side. The following writing, which the Russian army commander Dybicz sent to the Tsar on 17 March 1831, proves this: «We have no news - wrote Dybicz - since the release of the Vistula and since Poles shot respective Jews whom we sent to Warsaw» (Schiper in the book quoted above, p. 137; inconsistent spelling of Jews/Jews behind the original).
Nb. Sometimes, unfortunately, Poles have shot a fewer Jews besides much, due to the fact that evil can be frighteningly effective, so in all age, moneymakers until 2 and 3 in the eyes. And later besides in estimates made by historians.
[17] This is simply a study by the mayor of Jastrzębie Municipality to the insurgent authorities of 15 June 1864. I quote for: Henryk Mierzwiński, Jewish population of the confederate Podlasie in relation to the January uprising, "Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska" 1993, Volume 48, p. 133.
[18] He called me. About her Last year the reader of "Compromise" wishes to execute here as a student from Warsaw.
[19]Nb. It was this grandson, Jan Jakub Tatarkiewicz, who had given the editors of the first volume respective years earlier Journals Władysław Tatarkiewicz's biographical information, most likely not very present in circulation, so I will repeat it here:
"The information provided to us by the grandson Władysław Tatarkiewicz - Jan Jakub, shows that his grandpa was Jewish. The Tatarkiewicz household came from alleged Frankists - Jews baptized in the mid-18th century" (Wladyslaw Tatarkiewicz, Journals, Volume I: Years 1944-1960, from the manuscripts they read and rewritten, with the introduction and biography of the philosopher were preceded by Radosław Kuliniak, Dorota Leschina, Mariusz Pandura and Łukasz Ratajczak, Wydawnictwo Marek Derewiecki, Kęty 2019, footnote 2 on page 19).
I do not know whether the court besides knew this information and whether it could have influenced (and to what extent) the final judgment. Anyway, if you and a akin case go to court, I don't think it'd hurt to look at genealogy first. And now you will find something about which, despite the common indifference of both nations, it is not so hard in the Polish crucible. Although this is ugly associated with certain laws, what to do - specified are anti-racist times.
