Provincial cities are pulling people out of smaller cities.
There is clearly a deficiency of voivodships - Koskolinski, Płocki, Ełcki, Siedle (Brzeski), Kaliski, Gorzowski.
Some capitals are not attractive: Olsztyn, Rzeszów, Kielce, Opole, Zielona Góra... they find it hard to compete with Warsaw, Krakow, Gdańsk, Wrocław.
In Germany - the advantage of a religion (and/ or atheism)
