INSTALLATION OF POLES AND JEWS IN LEVELS - ASTINAL GANTHAM GANTS

A VOCATION OF POLES AND JEWS IN LOVES

ABRAHAMA GANCWAICH'S SEAT

Immediately after the Germans entered Lviv after 22 June 1941, the Ukrainian police with the Ukrainian-German battalion "Nachtigall", along with the soldiers of the Wehrmacht (it is not actual that only SS and Gestapo murdered Poles and Jews) held respective 100 Jews and Poles a gruesome bloody bath in the prison of Brigidka in Lviv. This event had its prehistory. Shortly after June 22, 1941, a panic broke out among the Lviv Bolsheviks, and many of them fled east in a panic. After a fewer days they came to their senses and any authorities, especially any of the military, militia and NKVD returned. So we can talk about the second business of Lviv. The period in late 1944 the historians considered the beginning of the second business of Lviv by the Soviets, but it was practically the 3rd business of the russian city of Lviv.

For respective days after the Bolsheviks escaped from Lviv, there was anarchy, Germans, standing inactive in Przemyślów, did not rush to Lviv. The NKVD, knowing these actions, returned to Lviv, mainly to execution the remainder of the Lviv prisoners.

Meanwhile, any of Brigidek's prisoners, most of all criminals, managed to break the target's door and escape. Some, as if not believing in the defeat of the Red Army, did so with any delay, possibly even suspecting any Bolshevik ruse. Among the second were political prisoners and intelligence. All those whose returning NKVD officers were found in cells and in the yard, they slaughtered with beastly series of device guns. respective 100 Jews were forced to bury these bodies, which were then shot at the site. The Bolsheviks, on the another hand, have since definitely escaped. This massacre became a dangerous announcement of the destiny of Lviv Poles and Jews. Shortly after the Germans entered Lviv, on 4 July 1941 the German-Ukrainian battalion "Nachtigall" murdered 45 Polish professors of Lviv universities on the slopes of Kadecka Mountain, Wuletsky Hills in Lviv. The German - Ukrainian crime device murdered Poles as well as Jews, not only in Lviv, but besides throughout the Southeast and east Malopolska.

II Republic.

It is worth adding that the unusual and indecisive behaviour of the Bolsheviks in these days was a consequence of Stalin's confusion. Listening urgently to the radio "Free Europe" we already knew for respective weeks about the concentration of the Nazi army in the alleged General Government (GG), which was besides discussed by railway operators. Stalin besides specifically warned his Tokyo super spy Sorge. But the wiser Stalin aired in these news an English intrigue aimed at disparaging him with Hitler, to whom he had supplied oil and food for almost the last fewer days. True, the "Iswisties" and "Truth" began to show articles praising the effectiveness of London's anti-aircraft defense, of which - knowing the programming bias of russian media - we thought that any features appeared at the Soviet-Hitlerovian covenant. However, these suspicions were denied by Stalin himself, explaining in the radio speech the concentration of German troops in the General Governorate the abundance of food in these areas. shortly the bombs falling at russian airports and factories would convince him how far he was incorrect and how unsuccessful his fierce fight against espionage was. Cleverly utilized by Abwehr led him to slaughter his most capable generals, which, among others, led Hitler to strike the weakened russian Union.

Let us return to the Lviv Holocaust, not only the Lviv Jews, whose first act we have already met. Its size is best illustrated by 2 numbers. By entering Lviv, the Germans found about 160,000 Jews, about 1 3rd more than they were on 1 September 1939. This increase in numbers was due to the escape of many Jews from the General Government.

When the Nazis left Lviv in 1944, about 700 Jews remained in Lviv, hidden by Poles or - exceptionally - rescued as essential professionals, by managers of German companies, sometimes anti-hitlers, operating for the Wehrmacht, e.g. sewing military uniforms (so-called city workshops).

The methods of murdering Jews were different. Initially, they were shot, e.g. close the Czartowska stone on the road to Winnik, or in a camp on Janowska Street called the University of Zbórów, or in its neighbourhood. The execution of respective million people would not have been possible without the invention of the cyclone, the gas that was thrown into closed chambers in a solid form. People died in them within minutes, among the torments caused by shortness of breath.

I was always amazed where so many people came from in the German people, who actively participated in these savage murders, comparatively agreed with them or pretended not to know about them. This last attitude was most common among the Germans with whom I spoke. The condemnation or willingness to aid Poles, or the Jews, I met only a fewer times. Moreover, in relation to Poles and Jews in Lviv and Warsaw, only very fewer Germans were powerfully opposed to Nazi persecution.

This issue concerns all totalitarianisms. erstwhile talking to russian people, not only to organization officials, militia officers, but besides to the alleged grey man, simple man or intelligent man, e.g. doctors, I frequently found that they were profoundly convinced about the historical condition of their russian hegemony over another nations. They were blind to their own cultural and civilizational backwardness, mostly due to the insane, completely unfit economical and social system, as well as the centuries-old Tsaric tyranny. Sometimes it was possible to announcement what kind of intellectual shock the intelligent ones experienced in dealing with capitalism, which, contrary to the doctrine that has been drained from their childhood, gave everyone, not only the rich, much greater opportunities for individual improvement than, for example, the socialist system. This strategy had nothing to do with the future mirages of Marxist prophets.

The first large slaughter of Jews, which took the lives of about 80,000 people, was celebrated by Germany in August 1942. Until then, Poles and Jews had died hundreds or thousands in prisons, labour camps, e.g. in Jaktorów and extermination camps in Bełżec, Oświęcim and Majdanek.

The stubbornness with which the Nazis were their Ausrottung decided at the beginning of the war at a gathering of the authorities of the NSDAP in Wansee (the final settlement of the judaic case by Hitler himself) frequently interfered with the needs of the war fought in the East, absorbing, for example, crucial transport potential, especially in freight wagons. Both in Germany before Nazi and present, anti-Semitism, neither authoritative nor "people's" was and is not. Although many historians and publicists analysed the causes of Nazi madness - a convincing answer was not found. Personally, I think that the victories of the German army (the celebrated "Victoria" painted on the facades of the tenement houses) on all fronts have mostly contributed to the support of Nazism by the German people.

Today, we know that Anglo-Saxon policy has mostly favoured Nazi causes. Their calculating was to make Nazism and Bolshevikism devour each other. But Stalin had a akin complacency toward all Western Europe, and he actually realized his plan, thanks to which the russian sphere of influence reached for the Elbe.

Returning to the Lviv Jews, it is worth mentioning that any of them chose to cooperate with the Gestapo. There were respective 100 judaic police officers who worked closely with German and Ukrainian police. Their boss, Goliger, a peculiar bastard and drunkard, was murdered in his own bed by Jews returning with russian power. There was a kahal – Judenrat (Jewish municipality) who exacted his contribution from the Jews, confiscated their furs, jewelry, works of art, furniture, and all this supplied to the Germans, which did not prevent Judenrat officials from being destroyed, or even from hanging its presidents Parnas and Rothfeld on the balconies of the cahale building on Bernstein Street in Lviv.

In the Przemysl ghetto, I besides saw judaic police officers armed with only rubber sticks that were abused by their fellows, including children, frequently hurting them severely. This is described in item by Hannah Arendt, an outstanding judaic historian, at the work of "Eichmann in Jerusalem", as well as Emanuel Ringelblum, a judaic historian, patron of the judaic Historical Institute, in the never forgotten work of the "Kronika of the Warsaw Ghetto".

In order to facilitate their extermination and to prevent any thought of the resistance, Germany has utilized terrible mass and public panic to completely paralyze the persecuted. Each hebrew was trying to save his own household and skin. It was only in a hopeless situation that the Warsaw Jews were taken to the ghetto with the aid of the armed Home Army with the valor of the judaic Military Union. But this political movement never happened in Lviv. The conditions were besides more hard here. Above all, the Ukrainians' hostility towards Poles worsened the situation of Jews, but despite the memory of the support given to the Bolshevik authorities by the judaic youth in Lviv.

Thus, 1 way to save Jews, primarily assimilated intelligents, was to go to Warsaw, where any of them became victims of blackmailers. The delegates of the London Government and the Home Army had exterminated these informers, issued death sentences on them and carried out a fewer of them, but the German police were protecting them and it was not easy to get to them.

So the Lviv Holocaust proved effective, just as almost everywhere, where Nazi power spread, and especially where Jews in their mass were not assimilated. For example, he was far little effective in Denmark and France, where there were no death sentences for storing Jews, despite the close collaboration of the Vichy, Petain and Laval authorities with Abetz, the Nazi ruler of France.

It should always be remembered that Polish culture owes much to the Lviv Jews. Biochemist Parnas, physicists Loria and Infeld, polonist Kleiner, lawyer Maurice Allerhand; neurologist Rothfeld - Rostowski, philologist Auerbach, composer Koffler, artist Lille - are just a fewer chosen names. Among the Jews there were many lawyers, judges, doctors, engineers who contributed to the improvement of the city of Semper Fidelis - always Faithful Lviv. Many of them, vice president of the city and its patriots, were the banker Chajes, editor-in-chief of the patriotic judaic paper "Huli", a letter inversely proportional to the current nationwide judaic “Gazeta Wyborcza”, more hated by Poland, Poles, Polishness and the Roman Catholic Church than the celebrated American judaic lobby.

There were besides judaic collaborators from the Gestapo, mainly in Judenrats formed ghettos. With their help, the Germans killed much more Jews than they could themselves. judaic confiscators in Lviv had ID cards enabling them to decision outside the ghetto walls, which became a panic for Jews hiding on alleged Aryan papers.

The Holocaust besides completely eliminated that part of the population of Lviv which was his pride, as mentioned above. presently (2015) Jews account for 75 percent of the Ukrainian government after the Mayan riots, and those who remained alive and their descendants play no function there, which is simply a paradox that they are the object of anti-Semitic excesses, of the banerist political parties and the president himself of the hebrew Walzman Petro Poroshenko. The fewer who are there are a foreign, inflowing russian element, as well as almost the full population of this city, which erstwhile constituted the last east bastion of European culture, the Foreground of Christian Europe.

The Lviv Jews were mostly Polish-speaking, any spoke only judaic (Jidish) , Ukrainian did not usage at all, frequently speaking besides with the sound of the alleged smudge.

Szmonces has contributed a lot to Polish culture, a clear example of which is Konrad Tom's cabaret "Sęk" presenting this text, among others, in the cabaret of Dudek by Edward Dzewonski and Wiesław Michnikowski. Listen, I sincerely recommend:

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On 10 August 1942, the Germans began a major liquidation action of the Lviv ghetto, 1 of the largest closed judaic districts in occupied Europe. By August 23, 50,000 Jews were deported to the German extermination camp in Bełżec.

"The liquidation of the ghetto, with a tiny break, took 2 weeks. During these... days and nights, the Nazis and their judaic and Ukrainian police aids hunted their victims like experienced hunters. They pulled them out of their homes, carefully hidden compartments, cellars, lofts and carried them to Klepar station, loaded them into wagons and sent them to gas chambers or to shoot them," Jakub Honigsman wrote about the extermination of Lviv Jews. ("The demolition of the Jews of Lviv").

LEVIES ACQUIRED

Lviv - which was in russian hands since 22 September 1939 - was captured by the Germans on 30 June 1941. At the time the German troops occupied the city, more than 160 1000 were present. Jews.

Already in the first days following the business of Lviv, Germany began to repress the judaic population (the first judaic pogrom was arranged on July 2). It was announced that the Lviv Jews murdered many thousands of political prisoners (Poles and Ukrainians), for whom the NKVD officers were actually responsible.

Jews were beaten and murdered, their property was robbed, immense contributions were imposed on them, synagogues burned and shops owned by them were demolished. The Germans besides went to sacrilege, devastated judaic cemeteries, and forced Jews to usage tentacles to build urban pavements.

In mid-July 1941, the German authorities ordered Jews to wear David's yellow star on their shoulders, and the work to work for men aged 14-60 was introduced. judaic rights in the usage of urban public space, means of transport and cultural institutions were limited.

On 22 July 1941 a Lviv Judenrat was created, headed by lawyer Józef Parnas (he was murdered in October of that year for refusing to send Jews to labour camps). 3 days later, new, highly bloody anti-Jewish riots broke out in the city, which went into past under the name "Patlura Days" (named after Symon Petlura, president of the Ukrainian People's Republic from 1919 to 1926). Over 2,000 Jews were murdered for respective days.

“The streets of the city presented a pathetic view. Through the half-empty streets were dragged by a bunch of appendixes armed with sticks, axes, knives, shovels, forks, beating in an unmerciful way all passerby looking like a Jew," said Edmund Kessler. (survival of the Holocaust in Lviv)

On 1 August 1941, the area of the General Governorate expanded to include Galicia territory (which included the erstwhile provinces of Lviv, Tarnopolskie and Stanislawskie). His politician was Karl Lasch. Another leading character of the territory was SS and police commander Gen. Fritz Katzmann, author of the alleged Katzmann study – documentation of the extermination of Galician Jews.

In 1941, centres of forced labour for the judaic population were established in the district: Janowski camp in Lviv and camps in Winniki, Ostrowec, Kurowice, Lacky, Drohobych, Jaktorów, Borysław and Pluchów.

GETTO GETTO

On 6 November 1941, by order of the politician of Lasch in the north-western part of Lviv, a judaic ghetto was created (according to another sources of ghetto was to be created in September or October). Within its borders there were, among others, streets: Zamarstynowska, Abolitions, part of Warsaw and Poltavaska. The closed territory was located close the Lviv-Tarnopol railway line.

Within a period the ghetto was to be inhabited by 136 1000 people. Jews, of which about 80 1000 had to decision there from the “Aryan” part of the city. There were disastrous conditions of existence in the judaic district. Jews lived in crowded dwellings, many of them dying of starvation, illness (in the ghetto frequently erupted typhoid epidemics) and exhaustion.

The Germans divided the judaic population into useful (able for work) and useless. The occupiers carefully controlled work certificates; those who did not have them, mostly, children, old men and women, were shot or exported to concentration camps. The place of their execution was, among others, Piaski located in Łychczak, in the suburbs of Lviv.

As Kessler wrote, groups of 3 people, as a regulation – 1 Gestapo and 2 Ukrainian SS soldiers, dressed in black uniforms and helmets "were sweeping houses, taking everyone who looked like an old man or was sloppyly clothed. Under the conditions in which Jews lived, many 30-year-old men or women resembled old men.”

Jews were besides repressed in prisons located within the judaic district: Weissenhoffa Street and Źródlana Street.

GETTA LIQUIDATION

At the end of February 1942. Jews were banned from leaving the ghetto under death penalty. The appropriate preparations for the final extermination of Jews began in March, which was connected with the beginning of the Reinhardt Action, planned by the Nazis of the extermination of Jews in the General Government (the liquidation of the ghetto in Lublin started on 16 March 1942 is the beginning).

During the alleged first deportation action from the Lviv ghetto in March 1942, about 15,000 Jews were called "to work on desiccated swamps in Polesia", while in fact they were murdered. The deportation actions of the Jews besides continued in subsequent months, which was the announcement of the general liquidation of the ghetto.

German patrols and judaic collaborators And Ukrainian police were organizing streetblocks. The police were assisted by SS members and judaic Order Service officers.

On August 10, the large liquidation action of the ghetto began, "policemen entered the buildings, drove men, women and children out of them. They then gathered them in groups and escorted them to or to Klepar station. Cattle wagons were prepared there," Honigsman wrote.

There were 150 people in 1 carriage at once. The hardships of the journey turned out to be murderous to many of them. The destination of the transports was the German extermination camp in Bełżec.

EXTERMINATION

After the Jews were landed, they were undressed and sent to gas chambers for forced “disposal”. "People stood 1 by the other: 700-800 people on 25 square meters. SS - the sheep crowded them 1 to another as shortly as possible. The door was locked, the others were waiting bare for their line outside. They were expected to kill people with diesel engine exhaust. But the engine didn't work. [...] It was only after 2 hours and 49 minutes that the engine started working. It's been 25 minutes. Now most of them are dead. You can see it through a tiny window erstwhile the chambers were lit for a while. After 28 minutes, only a fewer people breathe. Finally, after 32 minutes, no 1 is alive," wrote an eyewitness to the murders of Jews in Bełżec, SS officer Kurt Gerstein, in a study of August 1942.

During the liquidation of the ghetto, about 50,000 Jews were sent to Bełżec to die. Those who were not in transports to the extermination camp were shot on site or sent back to labour camps.

After the action, the area of the closed judaic territory was reduced; the alleged fresh ghetto was created, closing along the streets: Zamarstynowska, Warszawska, Kleparowska. At that time 36,000 Jews were surviving in a tiny area.

On 10 November, the ghetto was converted into a closed labour camp, the alleged Julag (Judenlager; there was a Julag A – for workers and Julag B – for women and children) and separated from the remainder of the town by fence. The camp commander was sadistically disposed towards the Jews by SS officer Josef Grzymek.

In the autumn, the raids and transports of Jews to Belzec continued. At the end of 1942, there were about 24,000 Jews in Lviv.

Throughout the time, the Gestapo led a propaganda run encouraging the city's inhabitants to denunciation of the hiding Jews. Although many of the lions and families risked their lives to save them due to helping them hide. Among Poles helping Jews were Julia Szczepaniuk, Zygmunt Frankowski and Włodzimierz Sokołowski. Jews were besides hidden by Leopold Socha, the main character of the movie Agnieszka Holland “In Darkness” (2011).

In June 1943. The Germans carried out the last displacement action in the ghetto. She found unexpected resistance. During his suppression, the Germans murdered or transported over 20,000 Jews to labour camps. About 3,000 of them committed suicide.

After the liquidation of the Lwów ghetto, he was declared a city “free of Jews” (Judenfrei). According to the Katzmann study by the end of June 1943. Germans murdered about 435,000 Galician Jews.

Jewish economist, investigator of the past of east Galicia and the judaic community in Western Ukraine Prof. Jakub Honigsman at the work "The Holocaust of Lviv Jews (1941 - 1944) says:

The beginning of German and russian Reputation. THE FIRST END OF JEWS.

On September 22, 1939, Lviv was occupied by the Soviets. 1940 began with raids and arrests of Polish and judaic political activists. This was the destiny of Vice president Lvov and president of the judaic Civic Union Victor Chajes..

Left organization activists - Communist organization of Poland, Communist organization of Western Ukraine, Polish Socialist Party, local communists were arrested and deported to the USSR. The panic that the NKVD introduced covered all social strata. judaic MPs and Senators - Michał Ringl, Zwi Heller, Henry Rosmarin and many others were deported. 64.583 judaic refugees from Nazi business were deported from Western Ukraine.

Among the arrested and deported were besides Lviv Jews - people of science, culture, soldiers of the Polish Army mobilized in August 1939 to fight the German occupier.

Many Jews were murdered by the NKVD in Katyn and elsewhere.

The Soviet-German War began on 22 June 1941. On the ninth day of the war at 4:00 a.m., German troops entered Lviv in the company of the German - Ukrainian Nachtigall Battalion (Słowiki) and elder Gestapo and police officers.

According to their instructions, Ukrainian police were established for Lviv and the full district. Together with the German Sonderkommando 4a and 4b conducted arrests and pogroms. German gendarmes and Ukrainian police drove Jews out of their homes, forced them to clean the streets with their bare hands or their own clothes. They beat them with iron rods and sticks. The murders of innocent people occurred all over the city. Many Jews were murdered at the scene.

On 30 June 1941, leaders of Ukrainian organizations gathered in the Lviv "Proswity" building and announced "The Act of renewal of the Ukrainian State". declaring:

" The renewed Ukrainian state will work closely with the national socialist large Germany( ...), which under Adolf Hitler will make a fresh order in the planet (...)."

After a fewer days, the Nazis liquidated Ukrainian government bodies founded by the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, and their activists arrested them. Despite this, Ukrainian collaborators continued to cooperate with Germany.

On July 2, 1941, a pogrom of Jews broke out in Lviv. The Germans together with the Ukrainian police sent respective 1000 Jews to the yard of the Lviv prisons in Łącki, Brygidek, Pełczyńska, Jachowicz, where they were tortured until their death. The prison walls around the yard until the first level were covered with blood of tortured Jews and covered with pieces of brain.

On the same day, the news was spread on the posts and the Lviv radio that the bodies of Ukrainians and Poles murdered by Bolsheviks and Jews were found in Lviv prisons. The next day, the Nazis gathered in the courtyards the prisoners of Ukrainians, Poles and Jews and showed them the corpses

murdered in June 1941 by NKVD. The Germans reported that the Jews did so. So the crowd turned to beating the Jews. any of the beatings died at the scene.

Similar provocations were conducted by Germany in many busy cities of east Galicia. They led to an detonation of pogroms that lasted all week. Only in Lviv alone 6,000 Jews were killed.

On 4 July 1941, the Ukrainian battalion Nachtigall murdered 45 professors of Lviv higher education on the slope of the Wuletsky Hill.

Similarly, the NKVD murdered prisoners before escaping from Lviv before Germany, and blood with the brains of murdered prisoners was visible on the walls surrounding the courtyard of the Lviv Brigidek, which I saw after 22 June 1941.

BUILDING THE JUDGE

"On July 22, 1941, by decision of General Rentz, Chief of War and the city governor, Dr. Yuri Polanski, the judaic Council (Judenrat) was established. most likely Polanski proposed that a well-known lawyer, prof. of the University of Im. Jan Kazimierz in Lviv was known as a lawyer - Maurice Allerhand, but this 1 did not accept the proposal, arguing that he was old and ill. At that time, the politician of a lawyer was proposed from February 1937 to 1938 as the commissioner of the government's judaic spiritual community, the three-time president of the board of the judaic philanthropic organization B'nai B'rith (the judaic Masonic lodge of A.S.), assimillator, erstwhile Austro-Hungarian army officer Dr. Józef Parnas.

At the approval of the Germans, the Judenrat was given "autonomic" power over judaic residents. In fact, Judenrat became the "executive body of Nazi judaic management apparatus in conquered territory" subordinate to German police and SS. The Judenrat had an extended board structure. It consisted of about twenty-three divisions, sections and subdivisions. These included: Finance, Taxation, Social, Supply, Labour, Economic, Health, Sanitary, Legal, Housing, ceremony and Furniture Separation Sub-Department (M)öbelausteilungen). In the settlement of Jews to "a separate judaic residential district", i.e. ghetto, the most intensive worked sub-division of Furniture Separation and Supply Division with the commission of Savings and Gifts of the alleged Sachleistungskommission, which the Jews called Raubkomission (the commission of robbery). Members of this commission requisitioned from judaic housing costly furniture, carpets, mirrors and another valuable items, and then donated everything as tribute to the Nazis. They besides robbed Judenrat economical department employees.

The emergence of the Judenrat did not prevent further pogroms. The second pogrom, besides called the "days of Petlura" began on the morning of July 25, 1941 with the inspiration of the Nazis, who established the festival of the Ataman of Ukrainian Symon Petlura, killed by a judaic immigrant in 1926. Ukrainian police and their helpers entered judaic dwellings, robbed and killed innocent, terrified Jews. The pogrom continued until 28 July 1941, but the most casualties brought the first 2 days. 2,000 Jews were murdered in the pogrom. Many were arrested and imprisoned in the Lviv prisons, primarily in the prison at Łąckiego Street, from where a large part was exported shortly to Sands (Janowski camp called the University of A. S.,). And that's where they were shot. The management of Judenrat headed by Dr. Joseph Parnas after this crime turned to the Lviv Jews with a call to deposit at the Judeenrat cash registry at 2 Starotandetna Street in order to pay back a contribution of 20 million rubles imposed on Jews. The call noted that the payment was spread out into 2 instalments. The first 10 million rubles had to be paid in the city bank until 2 August 1941, and the second by 6 August 1941. It was besides informed that if the contribution was not repaid within the prescribed time limit, the authority would carry out a repressive action. At that time, about 2,000 Jews, well-known and respected citizens of the city, were arrested and considered hostages. The remainder of the Jews became panicous, everyone rushed to bring any money, gold or silver ornament, valuable item, and even a household souvenir. Representatives of Polish intelligence besides donated aid to Jews. They gave the Jews money, gold, without respect to the consequences of these gestures. Thus, on August 2, 1941, part of the contribution was repaid.

The judaic Police in German Ghettos in the Occupied Poland

UMSCHLAG (EMANUEL RINGELBLUM "KRONIKA GETT WARSZAWSKI" STR. 426 - 428).

Umschlagplatz (German: transshipment square) is simply a non-existent railway ramp on Stawki 4/6 street in Warsaw, which, along with its neighbouring buildings, was utilized in 1942–1943 as a place of concentration of Jews from the Warsaw ghetto before they were taken to the extermination camp in Treblinka and camps in the Lublin district.

"In this Warsaw square and in the cemetery there were executions of hundreds of people, old people, weak and sick. They killed mostly all those who were incapable to make "travels" to Treblinka. That was at the beginning of the action, then it was discontinued. Apparently, they feared that the news would not scope the city, which could harm the population. At least 20,000 people were murdered. Those who hungered, despaired, hopelessly had no strength to fight any longer. They just didn't have a place to live - their apartments were assigned to any "scotch". They have nothing but to go to death voluntarily.

Jewish Police

"Jewish police had a very bad opinion even before the displacement. Unlike the Polish police, who did not participate in the captures of the labour camp, the judaic police were working on this hideous work. It was besides distinguished by terrible corruption and demoralization. However, it reached the bottom of evil at the time of displacement. Not a single word of protest against the disgusting function of leading his brothers to the slaughter. The police were spiritually prepared for this dirty work, and they were zealously doing it. Now, the brain is working to solve the puzzle, how it happened that Jews - mostly intelligents, were advocates (most judaic police officers were lawyers before the war) - themselves applied their hand to the demolition of their brothers. How it came to be that the Jews dragged children and women, the aged and the sick, all of whom went to slaughter.

Some people think that all society has the police it deserves. And for evil - for helping the occupier execution 300,000 Jews - the full society must be blamed, not just the police, which reflects society. Others point to the fact that poor-natured people went to the police who wanted to last hard times at all costs and believed that all measures led to the goal, and the aim was to last the war, even at the cost of the lives of many people. . No wonder that with specified a unscrupulous attitude, which clearly marked all judaic police officers from the highest to the lowest grades, the judaic police performed the German decree on displacement with the top zeal. After all, the fact remains that at the time of the displacement, the judaic police mostly exceeded the designated regular quotas. This was called preparation for the next day. There was no sadness or pain on the faces of the police conducting this operation due to this hideous work. Conversely, you saw them happy, cheerful, gluttonous, plundered Jews robbed together with Ukrainians.

The cruelty of the judaic police was very frequently greater than the Germans, Ukrainians and Latvians.

Many of the Jews' hideouts were "covered" in the "Aryan" parts of the city by the judaic police and judaic collaborators of the Gestapo. The victims who disappeared from the eyes of the Germans were caught by a judaic policeman. During the march to the carriages, many Jews, who successfully managed to get to the place where they were fired, dragged judaic police back into the carriages. Thus tens or hundreds of Jews, in these 2 hours, were sentenced to death by judaic policemen. The same thing happened during the blockades. Those who did not have the money to buy out, police enlisted in the carriages or in the column going to Umschlag. The scene I saw on chaotic 3, on the day that all policeman should have delivered 5 "heads" will stay a symbol of the judaic police. I saw a judaic policeman holding his hand at Umschlagplatz an older woman, with an axe on his shoulder. He broke up apartments with an axe. erstwhile he was close Umschlagplatz, where the defender stood, he was ashamed, took off his arm his weapon - an axe and carried it in his hand.

In those days, mostly judaic policemen were seen entering Umschlagplatz women, children, men. Weak convoys on rickshaws.

The judaic police at all gave evidence of incomprehensible savage brutality. Why are our Jews so angry? erstwhile we grow so many hundreds of robbers who catch kids on the streets, they put them on wagons and pull them on Umschlag.

It was just common phenomena that these robbers threw women by the hands and legs on the wagons of "Kohn and Heller" or on average trucks. Without mercy, they were furious with people resisting. They were not content with breaking resistance, harshly, very harshly punishing "the guilty" who refused to voluntarily go to death.

Every hebrew in Warsaw, all female and all kid can mention thousands of facts of inhuman cruelty and rage of the judaic police. Those who stay alive will never forget it, they will should be punished accordingly.

JEWISH RESOURCES

Other organizations and groups joined the displacement action voluntarily - apart from police.

The leading place in this post office is Abraham Gancwajch's "Emergency Rescue" of individuals with amarant hats in the Warsaw Ghetto, a swindler's institution that did not give aid to 1 Jew!

The activities of this "Emergency Rescue" were limited to selling for dense money cards and amarant caps of this "Emergency".

They slowed down - with the aid of Abraham Gancwajch - from labour camps and in general protected against all kinds of misfortunes and taxes and donations.

In addition, the Rescue Uniform gave the ability to make various scandals and blackmails of the sanitary type, specified as reports of accidents, typhoid diseases etc. Thus the bandit gang of scandalists volunteered for the "holy" work of sending Jews to that world. And this judaic gang of Abraham Gancwaich was distinguished by utmost brutality, cruelty, inhumane conduct, and plunder. The red hats were covered with red bloodstains, unhappy, murdered Jews.

In addition to Abraham Gancwajch's Emergency Service, Judenrat officials helped in the criminal actions.

Assessment of judaic authorities of the Warsaw ghetto by survivors of the judaic pogrom:

"Eternal betrayal of the judaic Council in Warsaw" wrote Dr. Szymon Datner "who expressed her consent to carry out the "displacement" will stay forever alongside the betrayal of the judaic order service with an indelible stain on the honor of the ghetto's judaic authorities".

LEVEL GETTER

Getto Lviv (German: Ghetto Lemberg) is simply a ghetto for the judaic population in Lviv organized by the Nazi business authorities during planet War II.

The 1931 census showed that any of the Jews surviving in the Lions utilized the judaic or Hebrew language daily. On 14 July 1941, the German military commander of the city issued an order for the judaic people to wear a white band with a blue star David. On July 22, that year, city politician Hans Kujath announced the decision to appoint a Judenrat. Initially, Germany wanted to appoint a prof. of law at the University of Jan Kazimierz, Maurice Allerhand, but after his effective refusal, Józef Parnas took the position. too Parnas, the judaic Council besides included Adolf Rotfeld (Vice-Chairman), Henry Landsberg, Edmund Szercer and Izydor Ginsberg (as of autumn 1941).

At the end of July, the German authorities imposed 20 million rubles on the Lviv Jews. In order to get the judaic people to submit to the demands on 25-28 July 1941, the first pogrom called the large action, or the days of Petlura, was carried out due to the participation of the Ukrainian people in the death. Urban synagogues and cemeteries were destroyed and about 2,000 Jews died. On 28 July, the president of the Judenrat called on the population to pay the contribution, most likely without predicting the next million claims - extortion.

The appropriate past of the Lvov ghetto begins on 18 September 1941, erstwhile Galician politician Karl Lasch issued a decision to establish a judaic territory in the northern part of the city – on the Abolition (in another sources it is written about 7 September, 8 October or 8 November). By December 15, 1941, the judaic population was to decision to a peculiar territory - a full of 136 1000 judaic people were gathered within its borders (previously 20-30 1000 lions lived in the district). Around 5,000 Jews were killed during the resettlement campaign.

In October 1941, German authorities murdered Judenrat president Joseph Parnas for refusing to cooperate in supplying judaic people to labour camps. Dr. Awram Rotfeld was appointed as chairman. In the same month, a labour camp (University of Zbrzyów) was established at Janowska Street.

In the first year, the German authorities organized peculiar actions to reduce the number of judaic people in the ghetto (e.g. actions under the bridge, fur, resettlement, lightning).

The resettlement took place in March 1942, erstwhile 15,000 unfit people (the alleged asocial element) were taken to Bełżec. The fast action took place on June 24, 1942 – in 1 day between 6 and 8,000 Jews were killed who lived outside the ghetto (with approval from the German authorities).

In August 1942, the alleged large action took place – about 50,000 Jews were sent to Bełżec camp. After this operation, only 50,000 Jews lived in the ghetto.

On 30 August 1942, General Fritz Katzmann issued a decree to reduce the ghetto area – it now included an area bounded by Zamarstynowska Street (from the east), a railway shaft leading from the bridge to Zamarstynowska Street to Tetmajera Street (from the south), Tetmajera Street (from the west) and a building on Zamarstynowska Street 105 (from the north).

Early September 1942 The Germans carried out a demonstration of the assassination of the president of the Judenrat Henry Landsberg and respective of his another members – the bodies hanged were exposed for respective days to public sight.

In November (or in September, the ghetto area was surrounded by an iron fence. In the same month, the Germans organized the alleged November action, exporting 5 to 7 1000 Jews to Janów camp. In the fall, a typhus epidemic broke out in the ghetto (approximately 50 people died all day).

In January 1943 a decision was made to transform the territory into a labour camp (the alleged Jüdische)

Lager, Julag) and subject her to SS management. Another 10,000 Jews were taken to the concentration camp. On 30 January – 4 February 1943, a final proceeding was held with Judenrat killing her last president Edward Eberzon.

The final liquidation of the ghetto took place on 1-16 June 1943, erstwhile the remaining residents were taken to concentration camps in the General Governorate. During the liquidation of the ghetto, the remaining judaic population was formed for 2 weeks. After bringing residents to Janów camp, Lviv was declared a Jewish-free town (Judenfrei, Judenrein).

Aleksander Szumański "Lvivian Meetings"

Documents, sources, quotes:

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http://nie Correctni.pl/blog/aleshumm/zagla-polakow-i-zidow-we-lwow

Emanuel Ringelblum "Kronika of the Warsaw Ghetto" publisher "Reader, Warsaw 1983

Jakub Honigsman "The demolition of Lviv Jews" (1941 - 1944) publisher, judaic Historical Institute Warsaw, 2007