Sauli Niinistö, erstwhile president of Finland, in a study commissioned in March this year by the European Commission, entitled ‘Civilian and Military Preparedness and Reading’, proposes that EU associate States strengthen their cooperation with their peculiar services and consider the establishment of a European intelligence agency in the future. Its proposals are intended to respond to possible "**crisiss both civilian and military, specified as wars and utmost weather phenomena**". This paper was submitted to the president of the European Commission, Ursuly von der Leyen. It stresses the request to strengthen the EU's intelligence capacity in consequence to increasingly "aggressive" hybrid attacks by abroad powers specified as Russia.
