First marshal of the polish walsudski on 11 november 1918, he regained independency for poland after 123 years

First Marshal of Poland PALSUDISH JOSEF
On November 11, 1918, R0ku returned the Polish independency after 123 years of graves.

HISTORY OF OBJECTS 11 ListOPADA.

November 11 was introduced into the authoritative calendar of state holidays comparatively late, as it was not until the late 1930s.

The Act of the Polish Sejm of 23 April 1937 proclaimed that the day, "as an anniversary of the restoration of an independent state existence by the Nation of Poland and as a day to time connected with the large name of Józef Piłsudski, the victorious Chief in the struggles for the freedom of the Homeland – is simply a solemn Holy Independence".

The date on 11 November 1918 commemorated the minute erstwhile the Regential Council transferred full military power to Józef Piłsudski.
Also that day, Germany entered a truce with the Entent States in the French Compiegne, which de facto ended the First planet War.
The anniversary of those events has been celebrated in Poland since 1919, but they were purely military.
The situation changed after the fall of May 1926.

Józef Piłsudski, who then held the office of Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland, established on 11 November a free day in government administration; respective years later he besides became a free day in science.

Since then, services were held throughout the country for the intent of homeland, academys and evenings, and ceremonial military parades.

In the Second Republic of Poland, the independency Day was officially celebrated only twice – in 1937 and 1938.

The aggression of the 3rd German Reich and the russian Union to Poland in September 1939 has profoundly influenced the cultivation of the independency Day.

They were officially celebrated only by the Polish authorities in exile and the Polish Armed Forces in the West.

The situation was completely different in the areas under German and russian occupation, where all manifestations of “the State” of Poland were fought with all ruthlessness.

Despite this, Poles did not forget to celebrate the anniversary of the return of independent Poland to the map of Europe, among others, by publishing in the conspiracy press commemorative articles resembling events over 20 years ago.

The churches celebrated services, and places of national memory – specified as the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier or the monument of Prince Józef Poniatowski in Warsaw – were decorated with white-red flags and flowers under cover of night.

The inscriptions “11 XI 1918”, “Poland lives!” and “Poland will win!” appeared on the tenement houses, walls, proclaimed and tram poles.

In 1944, the day of Poland's regaining independency was celebrated under completely different conditions.

In the areas liberated from the German occupation, the central celebration was organized in Lublin, where the communist authorities – the National National Council (National Council) and the Polish National Liberation Committee (NPWN) were located.

A military parade with soldiers of the “people” Polish Army and Red Army passed through the city, and a ceremonial academy with the participation of the highest state factors was held at the Municipal Theatre.

In their form of celebrations they referred to those before the war. In this way the communists wanted to emphasize the continuation of political power and the tradition of fighting for independence.

This was besides served by communist notes in Masses for their homeland.

The fresh socio-political situation of Poland after the end of planet War II affected changes in the calendar of state holidays.
In 1945, the communist authorities abolished the independency Day, and in its place established the National Revival of Poland, celebrated on the anniversary of the announcement of the PKWN Manifesto in Chełma on 22 July 1944.

In this way, the communists tried to erase from the public space and public consciousness the figure of the First Marshal of Poland Józef Piłsudski and the date of 11 November 1918, which was to be replaced for many years by another November anniversaries – the outbreak of the Bolshevik Revolution (according to the Gregorian calendar on the night from 6 to 7 November 1917) and the formation of the Provisional Government of the People's Republic of Poland under the leadership of socialist Ignacy Daszyński (on the night from 6 to 7 November 1918).

Independence Day November 11 was banned, and any form of celebrations were treated as illegal and with all ruthlessness fought by the communist regime.

DOCUMENTS FROM 1945 – 1977

The situation changed with the emergence of the late 1970s political opposition.

On 11 November 1978, the opposition environments for the first time since the end of the war publically demonstrated the anniversary of the return of independent and sovereign Poland to the map of Europe.

The initiator of the independent celebrations was the Movement for the Defence of Human Rights and Citizen, who, with the active support of the communist and independence, students, as well as the Catholic Church, organized celebrations in Gdańsk, Krakow, Lublin, Łódź and Warsaw.

INDEPENDENT example OF THE VOCATIONAL relation "SOLIDARITY".

CONFEDERATION OF THE POLISH NON-COMPLIANCE (CPN).

In the following years, the organization of the event included, among others, the Confederation of Independent Poland (KPN), (referring to the tradition of walsudczykowski) and the Independent Local Trade Union "Solidarity".

The place of the feast was restored during the period of the "Carnacle of Solidarity" (1980–1981), erstwhile it was celebrated in a totally public way.

Following the introduction of martial law in December 1981 and the illegalisation of the "Solidarity", opposition environments throughout the 1980s organized events independent of the communist authorities.

The services were held, patriotic marches were organized, flowers and wreaths were laid in memorial places crucial for the past of Poland, specified as the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Warsaw and Krakow or the monument of the Constitution of 3 May in Lublin. Although the communist authorities were besides active in the celebrations, as expressed by the laying of flowers on the Unknown Soldier's grave in Warsaw, it was a state-party apparatus with considerable support from SB, MO and ZOMO tried to hinder the society's independent celebration.

Patriotic manifestations were driven by sticks and gas, as was the case in Gdańsk, Katowice or Poznań in 1988, and its participants were repressed.

Despite these actions, the figure of the First Marshal of Poland Józef Piłsudsi and the date of 11 November 1918 permanently returned to the public space. To the degree that the Polish Parliament brought the Act of 15 February 1989 back to the calendar of state holidays on 11 November under a somewhat changed name, as the National independency Day.

Author Dr. Mariusz Żuławnik Deputy manager of IPN Archive

Institute of National Memory – text 2018.

“The mission of the Institute of National Memory is to celebrate the efforts of our ancestors, who have won the sovereign homeland a 100 years ago, and therefore, a reminder of their struggles serves many actions undertaken by the IPN across the country and abroad.
The IPN portal is the place where we gathered all our initiatives entering the calendar of celebrations of the 100th anniversary of Poland's regaining independence".

A survey by Aleksander Szumański, a past witness – an independent journalist, correspondent of the planet Polish press, accredited (US) in Poland from 2005 to 2014, prosecuted and sentenced to death by German occupiers.

Compatant – Represented individual – Certificate of the Power of the Compatants and Represented Persons
No B 18668/KT3621.

Member of the Association of the Jews of the Kombatants and the Damaged in planet War II. No. 122.