Poland is Polish and Poland is Polish.
Where did this two-line line come from, you don't know. [1]. There's no telling who arranged it. You don't really know erstwhile he was born. In any case, in the early 1980s he was popular adequate that his updated paraphrases were created here and there: "Under «Solidarity», the sign of Poland becomes Poland and Poles become Poland" [2] or "Only under the «Solidarity» banner and sign Poland will be Poland and Poland will be Poland" [3].
After the circular Table, the solidarity version someway disappeared in specified a tiny butt, while the spiritual version could shortly be heard even in the parliament. It is said that he first recited it in February 1990 by MP Marek Jurek during a debate on whether the white eagle, the emblem of the fresh Republic, should wear an open crown or a closed and crowned cross. The final argument behind this second solution was the proclamation "Only under the cross..." [4]. Since then, much more has been heard in both chambers of parliament. [5].
The two-line about the cross as an essential sign of the Pole awakens in any lofty feelings, in others - a full scope of another feelings. I'm not curious in this dispute. However, individual erstwhile wanted to give his lofty feelings even more seriousness and attributed this stanza to Adam Mickiewicz [6]. Let us confidently presume that this was due to the failure of human memory, not to calculating. However, the mistake has spread widely: it is perpetuated by the seismic transcript [7]They duplicate the writings [8] and books [9]. I don't even mention the net due to the fact that there's quite a few craziness going on.
Although it was sometimes straightened out that Mickiewicz never wrote anything like this, but the effect was small. The alleged Mickiewicz double line can be found even in Polish works with university stamp! In addition, with a false location and a lame form, for an abusive poet [10].
In the meantime, just remember Mr TadeuszTo avoid being fooled by this hoax. For how Adam Mickiewicz could consider Poles only those "under the cross" erstwhile he wrote about Jankiel: "Although the hebrew had rather a pure Polish pronunciation", and then: "At this in the close town he was besides a podrabinek", and finally: "He besides had a fame Good Pole" (Book IV, verses 245, 260, 264; my distinction). Yes, sir! Jankiel, an unquestionably judaic by birth and hebrew by religion, was named by Mickiewicz "a good Pole"!
I would like to add 2 more points to these apparent reminders.
The two-line "Only Under the Cross..." has a much older genesis than would have been due to hypotheses that date its earliest usage to the 1930s. In 1876, the "Lwowski Review" included a list of donors "to coronde for the Holy Father Pius IX". In addition to the fact that the donation was paid, they frequently wished to make a request for a blessing or a pious poem. 1 of them, priest Józef Radoniewicz (gives 1 PLN to the coriander. [11]), he added the words: "Only under the cross, only under this sign, / Poland is Poland, and Poland is Poles" [12]. It is so essential to postpone the date of their formation by at least half a century with a wrap.
Adam Mickiewicz's Rhym Dictionary says Mickiewicz erstwhile utilized rhyme in his work Polish - I'm sorry. character[13]. A alien in Grandpa So he says to Konrad, already a pilgrim in St. Petersburg:
Welcome to the Cross and the Pursuit by sign (Grandads of Part III Paragraph"Petersburg", verses 205-206).
Perhaps the distant reverberation of these lines read in the school led individual to propose that the author of a likewise rhymed two-rower must besides be Mickiewicz. If that's what happened, it's not without a small irony. Well, this stranger, appearing in the part as a "second man", is simply a real figure: Józef Oleszkiewicz, a freemulator and mystic. What is more, inactive in the inactive preserved manuscript Grandpas The greeting was clearly Masonic: alternatively of "Welcome to the Cross and Pogoni with the sign" Mickiewicz put in this place: "Welcome to you Eagle and Booza with the sign" [14].
As you can see, he was not a poet to whom the cross came to head in the first place in connection with Polish matters.
[After years]
In 2012 I wrote "Where did this two-line line come from, not known", citing the opinion of 1 of the last actual erudites, prof. Henryk Markiewicz. Meanwhile, as Mr.Andrew Skurdo kindly informed me, an in-depth reader of "Compromise", to whom I peculiarly owe a lot - already in 2013 prof. Markiewicz, calculating the discoveries of contributions that have happened to him recently, at the end of a separate paragraph honored the most interesting find:And finally, the most interesting find: "Only under the cross, only under this sign, Poland is Polish, and Poland is Polish" - words, considered as Mickiewiczowskie (so says even Catholic Encyclopedia, t. 10, p. 50), is simply a quote from the poem by Karol Balinski To the vocalist "Mohort" fraternal words of 1856. It's not. trouvaille mine - the discoverer is prof. Marek Kwapiszewski, who, as a collector of winged words, gave me this message with large effort [15].
And indeed.
Crossword in tenth volume Catholic Encyclopedia Unfortunately, he states that "A. Mickiewicz [...] expressed the belief that only under the mark of k[s] «Poland is Poland and Poland is Poland» [16].
On the last page of Karol Balinski's poem are the words:
J I embrace the banner of our tém stronger,
Trusting the Lord that the last of the brothers
He'll hold him until he's breathless:
Because only under this most sacred sign
Poland is Polish and Polish [17].
Whosoever, after reading these fewer verses, doubted that "our standard" is Christ's cross, these doubts would be answered by the earlier verses:
Our Hearts present God entrusts
In the reward of the Father's merit and hardship,
The Sword of the Archangel and the Ensign of the Cross,
A substance of the Fatherland and a origin of the all-people.
[...]
Our flag stood--the 1 himself--high--
The Holy Cross with the arms
He covered humanity with wings.
And later:
If evil will does not make it
And under it, it's us dying under it.
Where he stands present - and I won't die badly -
Dying for the Truth, so I'm going to die in sacrifice,
Looking into the sky with assurance and serenity,
Dying in Polish - under the Cross - and prolificly - [18].
The mystery can so be considered solved.
[1] "The origin is unknown. Popularized as parlando added to Solidarity Jerzy Narbutt in years of martial law (after 1981)" (Henryk Markiewicz, Andrzej Romanowski, Wing words. large dictionary of Polish and abroad quotes, fresh edition, improved and importantly expanded, Literary Publishing House, Kraków 2007, p. 524). See besides Teresa Bogucka, Do not cover up Mickiewicz, "Gazeta Wyborcza", 10 December 2009: "Parlando this appeared on tapes with anonymous martial law songs, and according to any findings it was utilized in the late 1930s during pilgrimages of national youth to Jasna Góra". Solidarity Jerzy Narbutt, referred to in the password of Winged Words, this is the song "Solidarni" ("Solidarni, ours is this day..."; music: Stanisław Markowski), NSZZ anthem "Solidarity".
[2] Marcin Kula, Communism and After Communism, TRIO Publishing House, Warsaw 2006, p. 212: "On the eve of the introduction of martial law in Poland (1981) the slogan «Under "Solidarity" became a sign of Poland and Polek» was widely repeated.
[3] In 1984 it was the slogan of 1 of the underground newsletters appearing in Wrocław. See Stephen Rudka, Wrocław writings without debit 1973-1989. Bibliography, Wroclaw University. Center for Silesian and Bohemist Research, Wrocław 1992, p. 98.
[4] Adam Leszczyński, How do you decision a cross?, "Gazeta Wyborcza", 17 July 2010: "In February 1990, 3 MPs of the then Citizen Parliamentary Club - Marek Jurek, Stefan Niesiolowski and Jan Łopuszanski - wanted to reconstruct the eagle of the crown closed with the cross during the discussion on the change of the Peerel's emblem. Argument? It is apparent - as Marek Jurek said from the Parliamentary Court: «Only under this sign is Poland and Poland is Polish». «Such a discussion in the Sejm is unacceptable» - protested at the time powerless Józef Hennelov, MP of OKP and editor of the Catholic «Wspólny Tygodnik». See besides Roman Graczyk, Józef Hennelow, Because I'm from Vilnius... Roman Graczyk talks to Józefa Hennelova, ZNAK Social Publishing Institute, Kraków 2001, p. 200: "[...] at the turn of the eighty-nineth and ninetyth years we changed the state emblem. Then MP Marek Jurek delivered a very emotional speech, including the phrase: «Only under the Cross, only under this sign is Poland, and Poles are Polish». For the first time I had a feeling that would later haunt me again many times, that by maximism something good could easy be broken."
[5] 2 examples in fresh years. In March 2011, MP Gabriela Masłowska made a message ending with words: "For only under this sign is Poland, and Pole is Polish". In this case, however, the "sign" was not the cross, but the Polish emblem, about which the MP appealed on her graduation diplomas (see the Stenographic study of the 87th session of the Polish Parliament on 18 March 2011 (the 3rd day of the meeting), Warsaw 2011, p. 403). In July 2012, Senator Stanislaus Kogut entered specified theological and patriotic considerations: "Wasn't this blessed pope miraculously inspired by the Holy Spirit in 1999 erstwhile he called to all Poland and the planet in Zakopane: defend the cross from the Baltic to the mountains! And the national witch says that only under this cross, only under this sign is Poland, and Poles are Polish" (see the Polish Senate. stenographic report. Work version. Fifteenth gathering of the eighth term. Day two. July 6, 2012, p. 47).
[6] This happened no later than in the early 1980s. For example, the underground magazine "Unity" appeared between 1981 and 1985 with the motto: "Only under this cross, Only under this sign, Poland is Poland, and Poland is Polish - A. Mickiewicz". See Józef Kamińska, Bibliography of underground publications in Poland. 13 XII 1981 - VI 1986, gathering Editions, Paris 1988, p. 85.
[7] At a gathering of the Sejm on 12 May 1993, associate Stanislaw Rakoczy of the Christian-National Union in his statement He said, "At this point, the words of our national witch Adam Mickiewicz, who wrote: «Only under this cross, only under this sign is Poland, and Poland is Polish».
[8] Robert Mazurek, After them a flood, "Rzeczpospolita", 13 August 2010: "To describe these joyful days of the August crusade from the palace more than Mickiewicz («Only under the cross, only under this sign ...») it would be useful for the witch to mark the Polish aprenuleduzhism in the "Unwashed Souls".
[9] Bishop Wenceslaw Depo, Tasks of the Church, [in:] National identity and sovereignty of the State and European integration, edited by Fr Tadeusz Guz, Fr Ryszard Mazurkiewicz, Ryszard Tłuczek, Publishing home of the Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin 2008, p. 10: "That's why we know this saying by Mickiewicz: «Only under the Cross, only under this sign, Poland is Poland, and Poles are Polish»". Prof. Dr. Maciej Gierty, Spiritual threats. Collection of articles from the Knight of the Immaculate, Michalineum-CMM, Marki-Struga 1993, p. 154: "In this context, how crucial are the words of Mickiewicz: «Only under the cross, only under this sign, Poland is Polish and Poland is Polish» [...]" (scientific titles for the publisher, preserved kind of the author). There are besides archaized versions. Joseph Simon Wroński, Limanian basilica, [in:] "Sądecki Yearbook" 1997, Vol. XXV, p. 144: "Mickiewicz stated: «...Only under this mark Poland is Poland and Poland is Poles»".
[10] Eva Tierling-Track, Myth of Kres in the Prose of Maria Rodziewiczówna, University of Szczecin, Szczecin 2002, pp. 106-107:
"The possession of the 'Lord's' cross by a peasant or medalist with the Virgin Mary Częstochowa during the January Uprising could have been dangerous. After all, it was a fulfillment of what Adam Mickiewicz wrote about in Books of the Polish Nation and Pilgrimage:
Only under this Cross,
only under this sign
Poland is Poland
Polish Poles.
The cross on the borderland became a sign of a strong and lasting “rooting” in it, not only of Christianity, but besides of Polishness."
Of course Books of Polish people and Polish pilgrimage There is no rhyme, due to the fact that there is nothing to rhyme about, which should be remembered by anyone who has read this song for once. In turn adding the second "this" ("Only under with The cross") spoils the rhythm and gives emergence to the suspicion that the witch of Poles could not even deal with syllables. possibly the author needed this due to the fact that she wanted to separate the Cross, from another crosses, for example Orthodox. Christian, too.
[11] Zlr. is simply a gold Rhine (or guilder or floren), contrary to the name silver coin. The smallest gold coin had the value of 4 gold Rhines. What was that worth? In those years, in Galician village Dzików the municipal author received 15 PLN of the Rhine annually, and the mayor - thirty. See Jan Słomka, The memoirs of the manor. From the Lordship to the Day, Kraków 1912, pp. 166-167.
[12] "Lwowski Review. A 2 Week Letter on Religious, Scientific, Literary, and Political Matters", 15 January 1876, p. 126. 3 years later in the same letter an anonymous author marked with the letter E. wrote about the planned restaurant of the Sejm Palace in Lviv:
"Allegory figures are to adorn the portico. A female with a star on her forehead is expected to represent faith. Ha! there was no intention of insulting the spiritual feeling of the Mahamethane, the builders (Sic!) and the Galician Jews who will seemingly sit in the national parliament. The Poles-Catholics had to quit their demands and so the religion of the cross was deprived. religion without a cross! mediocre Poles! Ongi Polish poet sang:
Only under the cross, only under this sign,
Poland is Poland and Poland is Poland,
And today, the last weapon is being thrown out of his hand, the last weapon is depriving him of his strength, and the last weapon is his hope."
[13] Janina Budkowska, Adam Mickiewicz's Rhym Dictionary, Ossolineum, Wrocław 1970, p. 13.
[14] I'm not based here on any idle speculation or any phylological secret knowledge. All this information can be found in any well developed edition Grandpas. In the Jubilee Edition (Adam Mickiewicz, WorksVolume III: Drama, Publishing Cooperative "Reader", Warsaw 1955, p. 523) Stanislaw Pigoń considered it appropriate to give, among another things, specified explanations:
"The another man - Józef Oleszkiewicz [...] born in 1777 in Żmudzi, he was rather a prominent painter; in 1810 he settled in St. Petersburg. He was a associate of the secret free-mulatory union; in time he became afraid with mystical ideas."
"I welcome you to the Cross and pursuit the sign - noting that he is simply a Christian and that he is from Lithuania (who had a knight on horseback in the state coat of arms, Pogoń). In the first text, the greeting was different: «Welcome to you, Eagle and Booza, sign». It was a Masonic welcome, it spoke of a lodge to which the greeter belonged (the bed of the White Eagle) and of the degree that he had there (Booz - a student)".
The Masonese greeting is on the back of the sixth cleanup card Paragraphwhich Mickiewicz donated to the Potocka Claudine. The autograph can be seen in: Adam Mickiewicz, Grandpas Part III. Can not open message, editorial work by Zofia Stefanowska, co-operation by Maria Prussak, IBL Wydawnictwo PAN, Warszawa 1998, p. 168.
[15] Henry Markiewicz, From fresh hunting for winged words, [in:] Different voices. Works donated to Stanisław Balbus for the 70th anniversary, Publications of the Jagiellonian University, Kraków 2013, p. 25. In the title of the Baliński poem 2 tiny faults. It should be: "Mohort's singer" [no quote] fraternal word [instead of] words]. And so this title is given e.g. Estreicher. See Charles Estreicher, Polish Bibliography, Volume 1, p. 60 [there in turn a typo in surviving Pagina: Balńsiki alternatively of Balinski].
[16]Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. X: Krzyszkowski - Lozay, technological Society of Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin 2004, p. 50.
[17] Karol Balinski, "Mohort's singer, brother, brother", London 1856, p. 15 (here and inactive keep the spelling of the original, but I improve London typographical peculiarities).
"Mohort's singer" is, of course, Wincenty Pol, who finished his knightly rapsod from the last days of the Republic in 1852, and printed 3 years later - in 1855. Then Mohort caused widespread enthusiasm (sold far better than the first edition Mr TadeuszToday, it is 1 of the works that is completely forgotten. The ecstatic religiousness of the Balinese poem sounded as much as possible in conjunction with the spirit of the song Pola. "Such poems as Mohort, they are a prayer, a prayer of the Polish souls" - wrote Seweryn Goszczyński in a letter to the author in 1855 (quoting the introduction of Alexander Łucki to the edition: Vincenty Pol, Mohort, Kraków 1925, p. XVII, footnote 1). Pol himself wrote in Mohort Yes:
"And whosoever is knighted, he is after the law
He should know what to defend:
So he is to stand forward in the religion of the defense,
And the Virgin Mary, the Queen of Heaven,
Potém in defence of the border - and bansta!
Because the remainder of this man is increasing up" (Wincents Pol, Poezyje, Vol. II, Vienna 1857, p. 35; this is besides the 3rd edition Mohorta, additionally provided with extended explanations).
Nb. Karol Baliński utilized the rhyme sign/Poland again, namely in posthumously issued The Martyrship of the Savior:
"Or this cross a soldier eternal.
What did the soul, life, take with this sign?
Will the sun knight always forget me?
That who is not with the cross, is not a Pole?" (Karol Balinski, The Martyrship of the Savior, Ossolinski National Plant, Lwow 1864, p. 51).
[18]To Mohort's singer..., pp. 6, 11-12 and 15. Nb. is besides the poem of Balinski very primal in distinguishing Poles of various sorts:
"We see well the black robots,
We see all the Judas smiths,
We see traitors in heroes' masks
What sons of Poland name in condoms,
He's naming the Polish abomination last,
We see brothers buying blood with a sister,
We see never unknown rot
Departees of Faith, God and Homeland" (p. 15).
