Concentration camp in Oświęcim, KL Auschwitz...and modernity

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The task to make a concentration camp in Oświęcim was born in the Office of the Higher SS and Police Commander in Wroclaw, headed by Gruppenfuehrer SS Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski. The task was performed by the safety and safety police inspector Oberfuehrer SS Arpad Wigand in late 1939.

The date of launch of the camp is considered 14 June 1940. On that day the first transport of 728 Polish political prisoners, sent here by the commander of the safety police and safety services in Krakow, arrived at KL Auschwitz from the prison in Tarnów. Among them were soldiers of the September run who tried to break into Hungary, members of underground independency organizations, mediate school students and students, as well as respective judaic people.

more: https://jejeje.pl/updates/genesis-i-entry-kl-auschwitz
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In articles and books devoted to Auschwitz-Birkenau camp, it can be seen that the Germans formed it in mid-1940. This is true, but only half. It is seldom mentioned that the camp was actually built almost a 4th century earlier!

The last years of the 19th and first 20th centuries were a period of mass emigration of Galicia residents. The mediocre from the Lesser Polish and Podkarpackie villages sought a better life in America and Western Europe, but many could not afford specified a long trip. These went to work “on the saxes” – i.e. to neighboring Prussia. On their way to the last Galician town in front of the border: Oświęcim.

Of course there was no work for everyone in Prussia. As a result, thousands of unemployed people stayed in Auschwitz, waiting here for any, even casual work. The problem grew, especially since the outbreak of planet War I made it impossible for many wanderers to return home.
To remedy the full flooding of the town by the unemployed, its authorities separated a peculiar area about 3 kilometres from downtown. In 1916, the area was sold to the Austro-Hungarian government, and the following year formed a colony for emigrants and seasonal workers.

She wrote in her book “Auschwitz. Camp and City” Austrian historian Sybille Steinbacher (
Sybille Steinbacher, Auschwitz. Camp and City, PWN technological Publishing House, 2012.): The seasonal workers' camp consisted of 22 brick buildings with 4 roofs and 90 wooden barracks, designed for 12,000 jobseekers.
The camp was activated, but only operated for little than 2 years. Meanwhile, planet War I ended, and Austro-Hungary disappeared from the map of Europe. The authorities of the reborn Poland were not curious in continuing to keep a giant camp, but its territory automatically switched to their property. Since then, he has held various functions.

It accommodated respective 1000 refugees from Zaolzia – a disputed territory on the Polish-Czech border. As Sybille Steinbacher writes, asylum seekers have created a tiny settlement here with school, chapel, theatre, sports club and shooting union (p. 20). Another part of the camp was donated to the State Tobacco Monopoly. However, the Polish Army took over the largest part of the buildings, transforming the camp for the unemployed into a military camp.
The only relic of the erstwhile barracks function was the employment agency. Until the 1930 ’ s, it operated on the grounds of the camp.

The barracks complex survived until the outbreak of the war, and in 1940 the attention of Erich von dem Bach-Zalewski headed the South East SS district. He proposed to place a planned concentration camp there.

Although SS management was not satisfied with the state of the decaying barracks and the fact that the camp was lying in flood areas, the peculiar committee concluded that the advantages of the location prevailed over the disadvantages: good infrastructure took place, was armed, was located at the railway junction and was easy to isolate from the outside planet (p. 30).

The decision was made in April 1940. Immediately, 1,200 inactive surviving in the camp area from Zaolzia and Germany began creating the infamous Konzentrationslager Auschwitz.

for; https://currencyhistorical.pl/2012/09/28/concentration camp-in-opening-built-in-1917-year/
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On 20 May 1940, Rapportfuehrer Gerhard Palitzsch brought to Auschwitz 30 prisoners, German criminals imprisoned in Sachsenhausen. Numbers 1 to 30 were tattooed on their hands. The first elder camp (Lageraelteste) was covered with bad fame, sadistic Bruno Brodniewitsch (camp number 1). These prisoners have created the beginning of the function team.

The date of launch of the camp is considered 14 June 1940. On that day the first transport of 728 Polish political prisoners, sent here by the commander of the safety police and safety services in Krakow, arrived at KL Auschwitz from the prison in Tarnów. Among them were soldiers of the September run who tried to break into Hungary, members of underground independency organizations, mediate school students and students, as well as respective judaic people. The train consisted of second-class passenger cars.

Upon arrival at Auschwitz, the prisoners were tattooed with numbers 31 to 758 and placed for quarantine in buildings of the erstwhile Polish Tobacco Monopoly, close the site of the present-day Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum. The lowest number – 31, was tattooed by Stanisław Ryniak. SS camp manager Obersturmfuehrer Karl Fritzsch welcomed the prisoners with the words: “The healthy and the young are entitled to live here for 3 months. The exit from here leads through the chimney.”

Prisoners from the first transport in early July 1940 were transferred successively to blocks with numbers 1 to 3 already in Auschwitz and the sick and medical personnel to block 21.

According to Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum worker Irena Strzeleckia, who investigated the past of prisoners from the first transport, 239 of them survived the war. Among the survivors was Stanisław Ryniak. He died in 2004 in Wrocław.

Five days after the first transport of the Nazis arrived at Auschwitz Concentration Camp, the Nazis began to displace the population in the immediate vicinity of the camp, and later the full area. Poles were deprived of all possessions. Eventually, an area of about 40 square km was created, which Germany called the "camp's interest zone".

At the time of the foundation, Auschwitz Concentration Camp numbered 20 brick buildings. By 1 March 1941, i.e. until the day of the first visit to the Heinrich Himmler camp, nearly 11,000 prisoners, mostly Poles, were incarcerated.

During his stay in Auschwitz in March 1941, Himmler ordered Commandant Hoess, among others, to extend the alleged Stammlager – the parent camp to accommodate 30,000 prisoners, and to build the Auschwitz II camp for 100,000 POWs in the village of Brzezinka (Birkenau). He besides ordered to manage the full area in agricultural terms, to supply prisoners for the construction of the IG Farbenindustrie mill in Oświęcim and to grow the camp craft workshops.

The improvement of Stammlager was undertaken in 1941 by prisoners. The building material came from demolished houses on Zasol. The late historian of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum Danuta Czech stressed that both plans for the expansion of the camp and their partial implementation indicated that Auschwitz was built as a permanent facility, “which was to service in the future for many years to prison and annihilate the opponents of the Nazi Reich.”

The construction of the Birkenau camp began in October 1941. It was to become a place of mass demolition of Jews. This was decided by the camp commander Rudolf Hoess, after Himmler identified Auschwitz as the site of the “final solution to the judaic issue” this summer.

The construction of Auschwitz II – Birkenau KL, 3 kilometres from Stammlager, was rushed. Above all, the overcrowding of the parent camp affected this. The work was headed by Sturmbannfuehrer Karl Bischoff. The plan was to exhibit 174 brick barracks. Many thousands of Polish prisoners and russian prisoners of war lost their lives in the creation of Birkenau between March 1941 and February 1942.

The first prisoners were sent to Birkenau in early 1942. On 1 March, among others, 945 inactive alive russian prisoners from the full number of about 10,000 who were sent to Auschwitz in the fall of 1941. A full of respective 1000 prisoners were placed there in March.

During this time, a women's ward was formed in Auschwitz I. On March 26, 999 German prisoners from KL Ravensbrueck and 999 judaic women brought to him from Poprad, Slovakia. On 27 April 1942, the first Polish prisoners – 127 women from Tarnów and Montelupich prison in Kraków – were imprisoned there.

In early 1942, the Nazis began killing thousands of Jews in Birkenau. In mid-July 1942, during the second visit of KL Auschwitz, Heinrich Himmler observed the selection and gasification of Jews in a peculiar bunker. After this visit, the first plans for Birkenau were verified. This was related to the search for a method solution to mass execution and the fast demolition of corpses.

The project, revised in August 1942, envisaged creating a complex for 200,000 prisoners and devices for the mass extermination of Jews. The work progressed very quickly.
From March to June 1943, 4 immense gas chambers with crematoria were created, which immediately began to function. Hundreds of thousands of Jews from all over Europe were mainly killed. Here too, prisoners of another nationalities, including Roma, were killed.
Auschwitz III, composed of sub-camps (Aussenlager), besides existed within the Auschwitz KL complex. Among them, the largest was in Monowice (Monowitz). The first prisoners went there in late October 1942. In total, the commandant of Auschwitz KL founded about 40 subsidiary camps. Most of the prisoners worked slave labour in factories, mines, steelworks, forestry and farms and farms (for: https://jejeje.pl/updates/genesis-i-entry-kl-auschwitz)
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Piotr Setkiewicz, From the past of IG Farben Werk Auschwitz 1941-1945 :

The location of the Auschwitz concentration camp — almost at the centre of Europe occupied by the Germans — and good communication connections caused the German authorities to grow it on a immense scale and to deport people from almost all over Europe to it. During the highest period of operation, the Auschwitz camp consisted of 3 main parts:

The first and oldest were Auschwitz I, the alleged Stammlager (the number of prisoners was from 12 to 20,000), which was created in mid-1940 in the area and buildings of pre-war Polish barracks, which were gradually expanded for the needs of the camp;

The second part was Auschwitz II-Birkenau camp (in 1944 it counted over 90 1000 prisoners), the largest in the Oświęcim complex. It was started to be built in the autumn of 1941, in the area 3 km from Oświęcim, the village of Brzezinka, from which the Polish population was displaced, and its houses were demolished. The largest devices of mass demolition — gas chambers — were created in Birkenau, where the Nazis murdered most of the Jews deported to the camp;

The 3rd part, the Auschwitz III-Monowitz camp (also called Buna; in the summertime of 1944 more than 11,000 prisoners were present). Initially it was 1 of the Auschwitz sub-camps, built in 1942 in Monowice, 6 km from Oświęcim, next to the plants of synthetic rubber and petrol Buna-Werke, built during the war by German IG Farbenindustrie. In November 1944, the Buna subcamp gained autonomy and was designated KL Monowitz. Most of the sub-camps under him.
A full of 47 sub-camps and external command of Auschwitz KL were created in 1942-1944, utilizing the slave labour force of prisoners. They were established mainly on German industrial plants and farms.
Piotr Setkiewicz, From the past of IG Farben Werk Auschwitz 1941-1945
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As a consequence of IG Farben's actions in a tiny area, a unique community of diverse nationalities was created. Workers were treated differently by the mill authorities, according to the principles of the Nazi model of “race” policy. At the summit created by the IG in Monowice, the social ladder stood Germans coming from the “Old Reich”, lower positions were occupied successively by Folksdom workers, workers from Western European countries, British and Italian prisoners of war, Poles, Ukrainians, Belarusians and Russians, until finally, at the bottom of the hierarchy, prisoners of the Auschwitz concentration camp.
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Call for Dr. Rath to the People of Germany, Europe and the World, Berlin 13 03 2012


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