It's been a while, spring is full, and here's the time for a fresh text. After a brief reflection, I decided to draw attention to the Israeli atomic program, which in this country has only a military aspect. It serves the construction and maintenance of an Israeli atomic arsenal estimated at about 100 to 200 atomic and fusion warheads. In the erstwhile text, I said how Israel received a "present" from France – a replicator reactor, producing plutonium-239. A gift nominally from France, but paid for by the Germans, by the government of Germany. specified a “posthumous gift” or reparations of the 3rd Reich. The problem is that the atomic reactor needs to be built, tuned, then waited for the spent atomic fuel to be able to get adequate Pu-239. The key component of the facility in Dimona: the plutonium separation plant – the installation for chemical treatment of spent fuel – was completed and launched in 1966 and as of this year Israel began producing the military grade plutonium (weapons-grade). It is estimated that during the six-day war in May/June 1967, Israel already had 2 or 3 primitive atomic charges Or did he have a lot more? And they weren't primitive charges put in just a workshop? The judaic atomic program is simply a fascinating subject. erstwhile Israel’s attitude changes, there will surely be many films. present will be about the theft of all time. Stealing that another thefts have under it.
We know that from American films. Bank robberies, screams, shots, tires squealing chases, and then a long-term incarceration or a punishment for the perpetrators imposed by a state executioner, or wicked colleagues. Only fools and bloody amateurs rob banks; they hazard their lives to gain small or nothing. At best, erstwhile they're lucky, they run all their lives looking back. Imagine stealing for years. Billions have been stolen. Not only are the thieves not punished, but they gain billions more and die in their own bed full of glory and dignity. The thieves pretend nothing happened, no theft. But there should be a loss. Who loses and pays for everything? Of course, the country where this "steal" is carried out is simply a common grey citizen. He's the 1 who pays for his taxes. And the police and another secret services not only do not download the perpetrators, but carefully cover their tracks and powerfully convince everyone that there was no theft! Isn't this a beautiful and unique event? Isn't that the perfect "stealing"? Stealing not even a century, but a millennium? But it happened. Not so long ago. We inactive feel the effects. This happened in the leading democracy of the world, the country of the highest-, lowest-, or USA.
It's about the NUMEC affair or the Apollo affair. The Numec ( atomic Materials and Equipment Corporation) in Apollo, Pennsylvania in the 1960s discovered a deficiency of 91 to 272 kg of highly enriched uranium. The owner and head of these establishments was Dr. Zalman Shapiro. The lower limit is the minimum, coming from the early checks on circumstantial batches of material. It serves to obscure and reduce the scope of the "disappearance" of military-purpose atomic materials. The advanced limit is simply a cumulative deficit from the full business period calculated by CIA and FBI specialists, So the higher number is real. Means that in the 1960s NUMEC plants "disappeared" about 270 kg of highly enriched uranium (HEU – highly Enriched Uranium) military class (weapons-grade). The missing material was enriched to a level of over 90% of the U-235 isotope.
A fewer words about uranium to explain what they hatred physics, what this is all about. Uranium – the heaviest naturally occurring component on Earth, atomic number (protons in the nucleus) – 92. There are a number of uranium isotopes that disagree only in the number of neutrons, specified as U-238 (99.3 % by weight) isotopes stable, with no value for fissile reaction, and the most crucial fissile isotopes U-235 (0.3 %) and U-233 does not happen naturally. This means that in 1 kg uranium only 3 grams are useful (U-235). How do we make uranium into atomic bomb material? You decision uranium into a gas form and spin in centrifuges, spin and spin. Concentration 3 % U-235: material for atomic power plant, 20 %: medicine, technology, 90% and more - atomic heads, military grade material (weapons-grade). With 270 kg uranium (HEU, > 90%) utilizing modern technology (implification or advanced neutron reflectors), about 14–18 atomic bombs of the class of bombs that destroyed Hiroshima can be obtained. So these are neither jokes nor trifles, but a basis for achieving atomic power status.
How did Zalman Shapiro and his NUMEC people explain erstwhile the deficiency of specified a large number of U-235 magazines could no longer be hidden? It turns out that the 1960s standards of registration in private companies specified as NUMEC were shockingly inaccurate. Fish are caught in cloudy water. I think Dr. Shapiro, or his subordinates, controlled all gram of U-235. It was referred to as: MUF. In the chemical process of processing uranium (gas-to-metal or oxide) part of the natural material naturally deposited in pipes, filters, ventilation or remained on worker gloves. Another is the mess in the documentation. During the audit in 1965, it was discovered that the NUMEC records were sloppy. The shortages grew for years, and subsequent inventory only "added" fresh losses to old ones. Finally, the management of the plant claimed that uranium was simply flushed with technology water into the river or thrown into the landfill as waste. So 272 kg. HEU cash registry uranium blocked the pipes and filters, either carried out by workers on gloves and suits, or landed as waste from rivers or in a landfill! That's it. Incidentally, production in facilities specified as NEMC is subject to strict technological control and peculiar services, The deficiency of even a gram of uranium triggers the alarm. Should it cause, due to the fact that over the years it has disappeared, “disappeared?” nearly 300 kg of highly enriched military-grade uranium. A miracle? Maybe.
Another logical explanation? This uranium was moved out of the plant and delivered to Israel. This operation could only take place for the homestead of the US secret servants, CIA agencies, FBI, others. No one, even Zalman Shapiro, has been punished or even charged with the disappearance of materials for the construction of 18 atomic bombs.
In the 1960s, he not only mysteriously evaporated atomic material about military purity at NUMEC. At Oak Ridge National laboratory in Tennessee, 96 kg U-233, about 6% of the full production of this isotope, disappeared. Why does it matter? U-233 is simply a material for military purposes almost perfect, surpasses U-235 reminiscent of P-239. It does not happen naturally, it is produced in atomic reactions in the reactor. The U-233 critical mass for a clean metallic ball with a good reflector drops to 5–8 kg. Values akin to Pluto-239, which allows to build very tiny warheads carried by rockets. Needless to say, Oak Ridge and NUMEC (and Zalman Shapiro in the background) worked closely together. Of this quantity, U-233 can be produced about 19 heads.
Why am I connecting these 2 cases? Oak Ridge National laboratory is simply a state company, not Mr. Shapiro's property. NUMEC did not have a licence to process U-233. In 2001-2002, during regular work related to the restoration of the site after the Apollo plant, samples were taken from soil, heaps and sediments. Spectrometric analysis showed Uranus-233. atomic physicists examining samples from the heaps at NUMEC found this material to have unique impurities, which constitute a "fingerprint" of reactors from Oak Ridge National laboratory (ORNL). This means that U-233 passed through the NUMEC plant at Apollo, was processed there, and likely from there it went to Israel. The case was silenced. It was officially considered a "historical contamination of unknown origin". Well, you can.
By summing up the "missing" U-235 from NUMEC and U-233 from Oak Ridge it can be produced 34–37 heads. In the 1960s, specified a atomic arsenal gave a “happy holder” the position of the sixth atomic power of the world, having more power than China at the time. During the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel did not have 2 primitive atomic charges from the plutonium in Dimona, as the naive or deceived claim, but an arsenal of nearly 40 atomic warheads and could turn the full mediate East into a atomic desert. Indirect evidence. Since 1963, Israel has developed Jericho-1 rocket technology (using the French Dassault company) capable of carrying a atomic warhead. As early as 1963, Israeli Prime Minister Ben Gurion knew he had or was about to have atomic warheads and sought means of delivery. A cautious, farsighted politician.
Let's figure out how much it costs. Let's convert it to money. If there's a robbery, what's the value of the loot? The marketplace price of U-235 and U-233 does not exist, their turnover is strictly prohibited. But the cost of manufacturing is as real as possible. atomic technology is highly expensive. At today's prices, the cost of manufacturing 1 gram U-235 (HEU) is not little than $1,500 per gram. These 270 kg "missing" from NUMEC, this gives about $500 million. U-233 (HEU) is at least $5,000 per gram. That gives the second half a billion dollars. The cost of the serum alone is at least a billion dollars. Minimum amount. Not one, but a fewer billion dollars today.
This "lost" uranium is the largest theft in modern history. Under the eye and nose of the U.S. government, billions of dollars have "disappeared" in the most dangerous form that humanity knows. With that money in the 1960s, you could build a fleet of 10 carriers or send a man to the Moon. That's what we're talking about. Remember, to get the first kilo of U-235, you gotta spend billions of dollars on technology, research, reactors, centrifuges, gas diffusions, procedures, others. The ticket to the atomic club is incredibly expensive. Israel avoided these charges. He got into the atomic club on the “mouth curves”, better as a “present” of the ruling US elite. The reactor in Dimona Israel besides received a German gift plus French technology.
To make it more realistic. At $100 a gram of gold. Uranium-235 (NUMEC), 270 kg, is over 4 tons of gold. Uranium-233 (Oak Ridge) 96 kg, that's 4.8 tons of gold. Together, it's almost 9 tons of gold. It's just approximate value, financial value, or bookkeeping. A kilo of gold if it falls on someone's head, it'll kill 1 person. Kilogram Uran-233 will kill or hurt tens if not hundreds of thousands of people and burn the full city. The military and political value of this top theft in past is invaluable. These nearly 40 heads that can be built from this material are the possible to annihilate all the key, largest cities and military centres throughout the mediate East. For the U.S., the main victim, this theft is not a “loss” in the company, it was a transfer of U.S. national capital of an impossible scale to hide without involving the highest levels of power.
Stealing uranium from your own mill is 1 thing, but how do you get it to Israel? Straight. Zalman Shapiro created a network of atomic business but civilian destiny. The most crucial of these "civil" projects was ISORAD (Israel NUMEC Isotopes and Radiation Enterprises Limited), founded in 1966. The company was officially active in the construction of food irradiators – devices utilizing radiation to prolong the durability of fruit and fish. Shapiro's associate at ISORAD was Ernest David Bergmann, then head of the Israeli Atomic Energy Commission, considered the father of the Israeli atomic program. He found his way. Uranium was transported as radioactive material to illuminate food. In September 1968, Shapiro hosted a delegation of “thermelectric generator specialists” at NUMEC. In fact, they were leading agents of Israeli method intelligence, including Rafael Eitan (later head of LAKAM's atomic technology unit) and Avraham Hermoni (technical manager of the Israeli bomb project). Currently, it is frequently believed that NUMEC is simply a cover company whose main task was to transfer atomic materials and atomic technology to Israel.
What does the U.S., the president, the government, many police, secret and semi-secret agencies say? Nothing, to this day they pretend nothing happened. The failure of production is simply a waste, whatever, you gotta compose it off the balance sheets and forget it. No problem. possibly so. Secret service agents are not idiots. If they don't see or hear anything over the years, then there are strict orders. And powerful forces. People from the highest levels of the U.S. state had to do it, not bad from the organization or the president who just ruled.
What happened next? In 1967, at the summit of the alleged Cold War, erstwhile the transfer of uranium and technology to Israel ended, and around NUMEC began to heat up Dr. Zalman Shapiro sold NUMEC. The profits from this investment made him 1 of the richest people in the world. But he was never on the list of the richest ones, specified as Forbese. He was specified a humble, silent man, and no writer dared to solicit him with questions. Dr. Shapiro multiplied profits skillfully by investing in the latest technologies. NUMEC, as a company, only paid US$834,000 compensation to the fresh buyer for "lost" uranium. It was the only punishment in the full case. little than symbolic. Zalman Shapiro died in 2016. He remained an active Zionist to the end, including supporting Israeli technological institutions. Shapiro held advanced management positions at the Zionist Organization of America (ZOA) for decades. His children: Joshua, Ezra, and Deborah proceed their father's work, though not in the atomic business. The trauma from the past remained. Although Shapiro's household is surely among the richest families in the United States. Children, like their father, like working in the shadows, behind the scenes, distant from the spotlight. They can be compared to another celebrated judaic family, the Sackler family, who made billions on legal drug distribution. I wrote them before. Sackler, Shapiro, what a beautiful judaic heritage that so “rich” America. So are they.
NEMC's Apollo plant closed in 1986. They left behind contaminated buildings, contaminated dirt and groundwater, and heaps of radioactive waste plus hundreds of decoded processes for local residents of the sick or families of the deceased, among others, cancer. The cost of remediation and disposal was borne by the American taxpayer. For today, that's about $500 million. The work is inactive going on and it won't be over soon. Neither the Shapiro household nor the Israeli government contributed a dollar.
And that would be adequate in this case if not for 1 man who dared to say: no, and even give an ultimatum to Israeli Prime Minister Ben Gurion erstwhile it was not besides late. This man was John Fitzgerald Kennedy the 35th president of the USA, and it happened in the burden-bearing event of 1963. But about what happened then, and how it ended, another time. Besides, the ending knows everyone as so acquainted with the past of the 20th century.
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