Day 10.02.1940 is the date of the beginning of the deportation of Poles made by the Soviets, although these deportations were before and after that date.
It should be historically assumed that the effect of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact was the close cooperation of 2 Marxist totalitarianisms in the demolition of Polishness and elites of the Polish state. But it was the USSR that truly started the extermination of Poles, including Polish intelligence, even before the outbreak of planet War II, i.e. from 1937 to 1938. (and even since the early 1930s). At that time Hitler was only preparing proscriptive letters of Poles and how they were exterminated... most likely looking closely and learning in this area from J. Stalin.
On 11 August 1937, with the approval and even the inspiration of Józef Stalin, the then NKVD chief Nikolai Jeżov signed an order 00485, which established mass extermination of Poles in the russian Union. This order included genocide on the basis of an cultural criterion.
N. Jeżov announced the fight against "fascist-resurrectional, spy, diversionary, defensive and terrorist activities of Polish intelligence" in ZSRS. According to his order, the name will completely destruct the 'diversity-resurrectional facilities of the Polish Military Organization' and 'basic human reserves of Polish intelligence'. These "backgrounds" and "basic reserves" were all those who had inscribed in passports of Polish nationality. According to the census, in 1926 there were specified people in the russian Union 782,000. In 1939 only 626 1000 Poles were left.
According to papers of the NKVD, 139,835 people were sentenced, of which 111,091 Poles were straight murdered – citizens of the USSR, and 28,744 were sentenced to stay in concentration camps, a structure subordinate to GUŁAG. Sentences were executed immediately. Poles surviving in the USRR and BSRR were deported to Kazakhstan, Siberia, Kharkiv and Dnepropetrovsk, and the full number of Poles deported was over 100 thousand.
The methods of execution of Poles were terrible. Convicts were shot in the back of the head, sometimes killed blindly, with volleys, or even without firearms, with sticks. russian torturers utilized aprons, buckets, cords, brushes to defend clothes, uniforms, and places of punishment from pouring blood through their heads. After entering, tiny children and women able to work were separated, and the rest, i.e. men and appendages, were simply shot at the scene. There are besides papers that show that there were no court procedures, that is, infamous threes (NKVD commissions rapidly and ad hocly investigating cases detained). People were shot, proving nothing to anyone.
Mass executions of Poles for being Poles were part of the alleged large panic carried out at the time by J. Stalin. Poles, however, were shot 40 times more frequently during its duration than another nations in the russian Union. The NKWD data say they accounted for about 14 percent of all victims shot in 1937-1938. On the basis of only 1 - indicated earlier - order: 00485 of 11 August 1937, issued by Jeżow, 5 times more Poles were murdered than in the full Katyn operation. In general, Poles in the russian Union suffered more in the 1930s than any another European national minority.
So present it is hard to claim (what any historians raise) that the Katyn genocide of J. Stalin did, as it were, only out of an allied request towards the Germans, that his hatred for Poland and Polish intelligence (especially the Polish Army) had grown since 1920 and had produced its rotten fruits even before the war and after entering Poland.Many say that this hatred and revenge regulation J. Stalin was the consequence of this defeat of Soviets in the war against Poland in 1920, for which J. Stalin was charged.
It should be historically assumed that the effect of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact was the close cooperation of 2 Marxist totalitarianisms in the demolition of Polishness and elites of the Polish state. But it was the USSR that truly started the extermination of Poles, including Polish intelligence, even before the outbreak of planet War II, i.e. from 1937 to 1938. (and even since the early 1930s). At that time Hitler was only preparing proscriptive letters of Poles and how they were exterminated... most likely looking closely and learning in this area from J. Stalin.
On 11 August 1937, with the approval and even the inspiration of Józef Stalin, the then NKVD chief Nikolai Jeżov signed an order 00485, which established mass extermination of Poles in the russian Union. This order included genocide on the basis of an cultural criterion.
N. Jeżov announced the fight against "fascist-resurrectional, spy, diversionary, defensive and terrorist activities of Polish intelligence" in ZSRS. According to his order, the name will completely destruct the 'diversity-resurrectional facilities of the Polish Military Organization' and 'basic human reserves of Polish intelligence'. These "backgrounds" and "basic reserves" were all those who had inscribed in passports of Polish nationality. According to the census, in 1926 there were specified people in the russian Union 782,000. In 1939 only 626 1000 Poles were left.
According to papers of the NKVD, 139,835 people were sentenced, of which 111,091 Poles were straight murdered – citizens of the USSR, and 28,744 were sentenced to stay in concentration camps, a structure subordinate to GUŁAG. Sentences were executed immediately. Poles surviving in the USRR and BSRR were deported to Kazakhstan, Siberia, Kharkiv and Dnepropetrovsk, and the full number of Poles deported was over 100 thousand.
The methods of execution of Poles were terrible. Convicts were shot in the back of the head, sometimes killed blindly, with volleys, or even without firearms, with sticks. russian torturers utilized aprons, buckets, cords, brushes to defend clothes, uniforms, and places of punishment from pouring blood through their heads. After entering, tiny children and women able to work were separated, and the rest, i.e. men and appendages, were simply shot at the scene. There are besides papers that show that there were no court procedures, that is, infamous threes (NKVD commissions rapidly and ad hocly investigating cases detained). People were shot, proving nothing to anyone.
Mass executions of Poles for being Poles were part of the alleged large panic carried out at the time by J. Stalin. Poles, however, were shot 40 times more frequently during its duration than another nations in the russian Union. The NKWD data say they accounted for about 14 percent of all victims shot in 1937-1938. On the basis of only 1 - indicated earlier - order: 00485 of 11 August 1937, issued by Jeżow, 5 times more Poles were murdered than in the full Katyn operation. In general, Poles in the russian Union suffered more in the 1930s than any another European national minority.
So present it is hard to claim (what any historians raise) that the Katyn genocide of J. Stalin did, as it were, only out of an allied request towards the Germans, that his hatred for Poland and Polish intelligence (especially the Polish Army) had grown since 1920 and had produced its rotten fruits even before the war and after entering Poland.Many say that this hatred and revenge regulation J. Stalin was the consequence of this defeat of Soviets in the war against Poland in 1920, for which J. Stalin was charged.
In addition, we know from the pages of past that it was the Bolshevik revolution that developed precise methods and ways of eliminating enemies, which it considered to be primarily mediate and advanced classes, including all bourgeois intelligence, with the actions against the Polish population being highly negative. A. Hitler was only a later, capable student of J. Stalin...
On the another hand, regarding the Katyn crime found at the scene: the German weapons and the origin of the twine, we know that trade cooperation between the 2 totalitarianisms was then exemplary and it is not hard to imagine that Germany simply delivered these goods (even in limited quantities and knowing what they would be utilized for). This is not an argument for the co-operation of Germans in the hecatomb of Polish officers in Katyń. Similarly, it is possible that German officers may be in the Katyn Forest during the genocide. This is possible, of course, but it besides does not show that these German officers executed. In addition, there are no witnesses that the Germans would be in another places of murder, i.e. in Kharkov, Mednoje or Pietichatki, Bykownia, Kuropaty and another crime scenes.
Nthe argument that J. Stalin wanted to prove to A. Hitler that he did not plan in any form (even the republic) the existence of a substitute of the Polish state. Besides, he did not gotta prove it, due to the fact that he simply incorporated occupied Polish lands into the USSR. Hitler could besides have no uncertainty about the intentions of the USSR towards Poland and its future existence - W. Molotov's words: "However, it was adequate to hit Poland from the front of the German army, and then the Red Army, so that nothing left of this pompous bastard of the Treaty of Versailles, who lived at the expense of non-Polish nationalities" was most likely adequate confirmation of this.
In fact, the argument in favour of any German influence on Katyń crimes is that A. Hitler in the first phase of the Second WWI was the first to begin the extermination of Polish elites in the framework of the "Inligence Action" (German: Intelligenzaktion) besides called "The Ground Cleaning Action" or "The Direct Action" implemented from September 1939 to April 1940. In the action, which is part of the large General east Plan, Germany murdered at least 100,000 Polish citizens, of which 50,000 - 60,000 people were straight exterminated, while the remainder were deported to concentration camps, where only a tiny percent survived. The largest size of the extermination action took on the lands incorporated into the Reich. On a large scale, all representatives of the “Polish leadership layer” were murdered there, with the exception of people who, due to their skills, were essential for the appropriate functioning of local administrative and economical structures (e.g. doctors, engineers, vets, municipal workers, etc.). The most celebrated execution of Germans in the framework of the "Intelligent Action" was the crime in Piaśnicki Forests where 12 1000 to 14 1000 Poles were killed.
However, it seems that J. Stalin's decision on Katyn genocide was not in any way due to his fear or servitude towards Hitler, nor to his desire to prove his allianceal allegiance, but only as a consequence of his (Stalin) thoughtful strategy of extermination of hated Poles... especially due to the fact that in addition to the Katyn action itself J. Stalin besides organized collective deportations of the Polish population, which took place between 1939 and 1941 (table below). They were almost a duplicate continuation of russian deportations of Polish citizens from the 1930s.
(click right-click on the table and click "open image in fresh tab" to enlarge it)
In total, about 326,000 people were deported into the USSR (at the time of the deportations of "appropriate" - in Table I-IV) according to the NKVD data, of which about 200 000 Poles were deported. During the deportation, about 19-20 1000 people died (about 12 1000 Poles) and in the first year (until mid-1941) about 16 1000 people died (about 10 1000 Poles). In addition to this: prisoners, sentenced and sent to forced labour camps, another prisoners of war or young people incorporated into the Red Army, "building groups" and forced workers, the number of people deported was about 480,000, of which nearly 300 1000 were Poles. On the another hand, how large were individual losses on exile after alleged amnesty, it is very hard to determine. A crucial mortality occurred during displacements within the USSR from autumn 1941 to summertime 1942. There were many fatalities as a consequence of epidemic diseases and famine in the areas of concentration of the Polish population in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. The Polish Embassy estimated that only the typhus epidemic in the Central Asian republics from December 1941 to June 1942 absorbed 10% of the about 200,000 Polish citizens there. Many cases of death from illness, hunger, exhaustion of labour were recorded in practically all areas where there were clusters of Polish population.
It can besides be imagined that the Katyn genocide (table below) and the German "Action AB" were coordinated at the time, but both Germany and the Soviets carried out both murders separately and separately.
(click on the table to enlarge it)
On the another hand, the German "Action AB", commonly referred to as the "extraordinary Pacific Action (German: Ausserordentliche Befriedungsaktion – AB) was conducted by German occupiers in the territory of the General Government between May and July 1940. It had the character of genocide and was a continuation of "The Intelligence Action. As part of the AB Action, SS and German police officers murdered at least 6,500 Poles, including about 3,500 representatives of Polish political and intellectual elites and about 3,000 criminal criminals. The most celebrated crime committed by the Germans in the framework of the Extraordinary Pacific Action was mass executions in Palmira. In addition, respective tens of thousands of Poles were transported to concentration camps, of which fewer survived.
Bottom line.
On the another hand, regarding the Katyn crime found at the scene: the German weapons and the origin of the twine, we know that trade cooperation between the 2 totalitarianisms was then exemplary and it is not hard to imagine that Germany simply delivered these goods (even in limited quantities and knowing what they would be utilized for). This is not an argument for the co-operation of Germans in the hecatomb of Polish officers in Katyń. Similarly, it is possible that German officers may be in the Katyn Forest during the genocide. This is possible, of course, but it besides does not show that these German officers executed. In addition, there are no witnesses that the Germans would be in another places of murder, i.e. in Kharkov, Mednoje or Pietichatki, Bykownia, Kuropaty and another crime scenes.
Nthe argument that J. Stalin wanted to prove to A. Hitler that he did not plan in any form (even the republic) the existence of a substitute of the Polish state. Besides, he did not gotta prove it, due to the fact that he simply incorporated occupied Polish lands into the USSR. Hitler could besides have no uncertainty about the intentions of the USSR towards Poland and its future existence - W. Molotov's words: "However, it was adequate to hit Poland from the front of the German army, and then the Red Army, so that nothing left of this pompous bastard of the Treaty of Versailles, who lived at the expense of non-Polish nationalities" was most likely adequate confirmation of this.
In fact, the argument in favour of any German influence on Katyń crimes is that A. Hitler in the first phase of the Second WWI was the first to begin the extermination of Polish elites in the framework of the "Inligence Action" (German: Intelligenzaktion) besides called "The Ground Cleaning Action" or "The Direct Action" implemented from September 1939 to April 1940. In the action, which is part of the large General east Plan, Germany murdered at least 100,000 Polish citizens, of which 50,000 - 60,000 people were straight exterminated, while the remainder were deported to concentration camps, where only a tiny percent survived. The largest size of the extermination action took on the lands incorporated into the Reich. On a large scale, all representatives of the “Polish leadership layer” were murdered there, with the exception of people who, due to their skills, were essential for the appropriate functioning of local administrative and economical structures (e.g. doctors, engineers, vets, municipal workers, etc.). The most celebrated execution of Germans in the framework of the "Intelligent Action" was the crime in Piaśnicki Forests where 12 1000 to 14 1000 Poles were killed.
However, it seems that J. Stalin's decision on Katyn genocide was not in any way due to his fear or servitude towards Hitler, nor to his desire to prove his allianceal allegiance, but only as a consequence of his (Stalin) thoughtful strategy of extermination of hated Poles... especially due to the fact that in addition to the Katyn action itself J. Stalin besides organized collective deportations of the Polish population, which took place between 1939 and 1941 (table below). They were almost a duplicate continuation of russian deportations of Polish citizens from the 1930s.
(click right-click on the table and click "open image in fresh tab" to enlarge it)
In total, about 326,000 people were deported into the USSR (at the time of the deportations of "appropriate" - in Table I-IV) according to the NKVD data, of which about 200 000 Poles were deported. During the deportation, about 19-20 1000 people died (about 12 1000 Poles) and in the first year (until mid-1941) about 16 1000 people died (about 10 1000 Poles). In addition to this: prisoners, sentenced and sent to forced labour camps, another prisoners of war or young people incorporated into the Red Army, "building groups" and forced workers, the number of people deported was about 480,000, of which nearly 300 1000 were Poles. On the another hand, how large were individual losses on exile after alleged amnesty, it is very hard to determine. A crucial mortality occurred during displacements within the USSR from autumn 1941 to summertime 1942. There were many fatalities as a consequence of epidemic diseases and famine in the areas of concentration of the Polish population in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. The Polish Embassy estimated that only the typhus epidemic in the Central Asian republics from December 1941 to June 1942 absorbed 10% of the about 200,000 Polish citizens there. Many cases of death from illness, hunger, exhaustion of labour were recorded in practically all areas where there were clusters of Polish population.
It can besides be imagined that the Katyn genocide (table below) and the German "Action AB" were coordinated at the time, but both Germany and the Soviets carried out both murders separately and separately.
(click on the table to enlarge it)
On the another hand, the German "Action AB", commonly referred to as the "extraordinary Pacific Action (German: Ausserordentliche Befriedungsaktion – AB) was conducted by German occupiers in the territory of the General Government between May and July 1940. It had the character of genocide and was a continuation of "The Intelligence Action. As part of the AB Action, SS and German police officers murdered at least 6,500 Poles, including about 3,500 representatives of Polish political and intellectual elites and about 3,000 criminal criminals. The most celebrated crime committed by the Germans in the framework of the Extraordinary Pacific Action was mass executions in Palmira. In addition, respective tens of thousands of Poles were transported to concentration camps, of which fewer survived.
Bottom line.
Both J. Stalin and A. Hitler are liable for the extermination of the Polish population, and in peculiar the Polish leadership and intellectual elite. They did it with premeditation due to the fact that they just wanted it, and no of them can be justified by the accomplishments or demands of the "other" or the defined political-military situation. They represented 2 Marxist, cruelest totalitarianisms of the 20th century: communism and Nazism and jointly and in agreement decided to erase Poland from the map of Europe forever. In order to do so, according to them, they had to execution Polish elites, which could in the future constitute the renewal of the Polish state. And unfortunately for our homeland, they have committed genocide on these elites.
P.S.
The text concerns only the pre-war and 1939-1941 planet War II period. However, it can besides be assessed through the prism of the extermination of Poles by the NKVD since 1944...
Information has been utilized from:
– ]]>https://www.salon24.pl/u/bognajanke/1018298, hell-deportation-from-cres-10-February-1940-r]]>
– ]]>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_polska_NKWD]]>
– Tomasz Sommer, "Shoot Poles – Genocide Poles in the russian Union from 1937 to 1938. papers from headquarters’.
– Santa Ivanov, “First nation punished”
– ]]>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligenzaktion]]>
– ]]>http://sciesielski.republika.pl/sov-dep/polacy/stratydep.html]]>
– ]]>http://nanofiber.salon24.en/577562,cathin-a-other-criminal-in-polak-through-nkwd]]>
Leave behind the good, love and wisdom...
© Krzysztof Jaworucki (krzysztofjaw)
]]>http://krzysztofjaw.blogspot.com/]]>
[email protected]
P.S.
The text concerns only the pre-war and 1939-1941 planet War II period. However, it can besides be assessed through the prism of the extermination of Poles by the NKVD since 1944...
Information has been utilized from:
– ]]>https://www.salon24.pl/u/bognajanke/1018298, hell-deportation-from-cres-10-February-1940-r]]>
– ]]>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_polska_NKWD]]>
– Tomasz Sommer, "Shoot Poles – Genocide Poles in the russian Union from 1937 to 1938. papers from headquarters’.
– Santa Ivanov, “First nation punished”
– ]]>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligenzaktion]]>
– ]]>http://sciesielski.republika.pl/sov-dep/polacy/stratydep.html]]>
– ]]>http://nanofiber.salon24.en/577562,cathin-a-other-criminal-in-polak-through-nkwd]]>
Leave behind the good, love and wisdom...
© Krzysztof Jaworucki (krzysztofjaw)
]]>http://krzysztofjaw.blogspot.com/]]>
[email protected]
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