Unknown and fledgled German.
I'm sorry.
SS-Gruppenführer. Commander of SS and Police in Lublin District. elder SS and Police Commander in the Adriatic Coast Region Operations Zone.
Odilo Lotario Globocnik (born 21 April 1904 in Trieste, died 31 May 1945 in Paternion) is an Austrian Nazi, high-ranking NSDAP and SS officer, a war criminal, 1 of the main organizers and performers of the Holocaust of Jews.
He was the boy of an officer of the imperial-king army. The household planned a military career for him, but these plans thwarted the breakdown of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. For school years, he had been associated with nationalist and anti-Semitic organizations.
In 1931, he joined the Austrian NSDAP, rapidly advancing to the position of Deputy Gauleiter of Carinthia. After the organization was banned, he became active in underground activities.
From 1933 to 1937 he was detained six times, including on charges of treason and terrorist activity.
He joined the SS, and its leader Heinrich Himmler became his mentor and protector. After Anschluss, he was appointed the gauleiter of Vienna, however, in January 1939 he was stripped of his position due to inability and suspected financial machinations.
To the degree of the SS Petty Officer, he participated in the September campaign. After its completion, Himmler appointed him SS and Police Commander in the Lublin territory of the General Governorate.
In his fresh position he organized repressions against Polish intelligence and clergy. He was besides liable for mass executions of russian POWs. He advocated a fast transformation of the territory into a German settlement area.
According to Bogdan Musiał, it is likely that he developed the plan to assassinate Polish Jews in extermination camps, and then convinced Himmler.
He led the action "Reinhardt" launched in March 1942, during which about 1.8 million Jews from the General Government and the Białystok territory were executed in death camps and mass executions.
In addition, he initiated and directed the resettlement-pacification operation in Zamość, which began in November 1942.
In September 1943, due to a conflict with civilian administration, he was recalled from Lublin and transferred to the position of elder SS Commander and Police in the Operations region of the Adriatic Coast Region.
There he was liable for the extermination of local Jews and the fight against Yugoslav and Italian guerrillas.
On May 31, 1945, he was arrested by British soldiers in his mountain hideout close Paternion. On the same day, he committed suicide by utilizing potassium cyanide.
Master of German crimes.
Odillo Globocnik, head of the SS and the Lublin police department was the most effective performer of the German Reich's criminal policy.
If there truly was a ranking of the top criminals of the time
World War II, it is definitely SS-Gruppenführer Odillo Globocnik would be at the very top of this ranking.
More than 1 million victims of his orders were murdered in the Lublin area, where for almost 4 years the war was a actual “god” on the decision of which life depended.
PRORDED BEFORE ALL JEWS.
Among the victims of Globocnik's policy were Jews surviving in east Poland. But its victims were besides Poles and representatives of another nations.
Coming from the Austrian Carinthia Globocnik was considered a calm man. At least that's how his fellow workers survived the war.
Globocnik was born as an imperial citizen of Austro – Hungary. Initially, he seemed to be doing a career in the army, which would supply him with advanced social and life stability.
But this did not happen due to the fact that the Austro - Hungarian monarchy collapsed in 1918 with an old order in Europe. This fresh Europe, born as a consequence of the Treaty of Versailles, was full of political, social and economical shocks.
This was besides the case for Austria, which had been heavy territorially truncated and divorced from Hungary and went on a full democratic path.
And worst of all, she interrupted Globcnik's military career, which was just beginning. It is no wonder that Globocnik was politically frustrated in his fresh situation and rapidly joined national socialists, who besides grew stronger in Austria.
Gobocnik was moving upwards in the national socialist movement reaching further, increasingly higher positions. After the annexation of Austria by the 3rd German Reich, he took up the position of gauleiter Vienna.
But he wasn't for very long due to the fact that the NSDAP leadership accused him of fraud. The rescue wheel then threw him the SS and her boss Heinrich Himmler, who had since become his political patron.
When the 3rd German Reich conquered Poland, a fresh chapter began in Globocnik's career, thanks to which he became history, only the most gruesome 1 to imagine.
He then became head of the SS and police in the Lublin District. He was then 1 of the most meticulous performers of the genocide policy which the German 3rd Reich conducted in the occupied Poland.
Globocnik's work resulted in over a million deaths. Hanna Arendt, writing about German crimes during planet War II, mentioned the “banality of evil” that occurred at the time.
Well, even more "banal" were those who were liable for doing this evil. The character of Odillo Globocnik is evidence of that. He was a "banal" character, just like the evil he did.
Unfulfilled dreams.
Globocnik was born in 1904 in Trieste, which was an crucial city of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, mainly due to the fact that her war fleet was stationed there.
He was the boy of Franz Globocnik, an officer for whom serving in the imperial – royal army was a large honor. And that is why Franz Globocnik wanted his boy to proceed this tradition.
And initially it seemed to be, due to the fact that his son, after graduating from universal school, began his education at the Lower Real Military School in St. Pölten.
After she graduated, he was expected to go to the Military Academy, but he didn't. erstwhile the Austro fell in the fall of 1918 - the Hungarian monarchy in the Globocnik household changed many.
First she had to decision to the Austrian Klagenfurt, and a fewer months later his father died, which greatly worsened her material situation.
Young Odillo Globocnik then decided to change his life plans. He began studying at the Higher State Engineering School, believing that method education would be a much better possible for him.
To aid his mother, he besides worked as a porter at the local station. He was already active in the activities of nationalist student corporations, for which he was almost released from school.
But he finished it and thanks to his friend's protection he started working at a construction company. He was increasingly politically approaching the NSDAP, Adolf Hitler's party, which had its supporters besides in Austria.
He officially joined the Austrian NSDAP in March 1931. He was directed to an episode of organization propaganda. Even then, his large commitment was seen. In 1933, he was met with the first major promotion, became the deputy gauleiter of Carinthia. From 1931 to 1933 he was arrested respective times, even accused of organizing bombings.
In 1934, he joined the SS, a formation that was the actual point of national socialism. He hoped the SS would make it easier for him to proceed his career of development, which he so desperately sought. He took another step in connection with the annexation of Austria by the 3rd German Reich.
From the beginning Globocnik was heavy active in the preparation for Anschlussu. This was appreciated by his fresh patron Heinrich Himmler. As a reward for dedication and sacrifice, he was appointed Secretary of State in the government of Arthur Seyß-Inquart, and a fewer months later in May 1938 he assumed the position of gauleiter Vienna.
He was celebrated as the perpetrator of the Vienna Crystal Night during which judaic shops and synagogues were demolished and nearly 7,000 Jews were arrested, most of whom were sent to the concentration camp in Dachau.
However, after any time, Globocnik was suspected of misappropriating organization funds. This was so crucial that the main treasurer of the NSDAP Franz Xaver Schwarz himself demanded explanations in this case.
In the end, Adolf Hitler decided that Globocnik had to leave the position of Gauleiter Vienna. Then Heinrich Himmler himself took care of him.
It was he who directed Globocnik to service in the SS Regiment "Germania", which was prepared to execute tasks in Poland, which was to be another victim of the 3rd German Reich.
Mr. Lublin.
After the defeat of Poland before Globocnik, a chance for a fresh career opened up. In fact, thanks to Reichsführer-SS , who
On 1 November 1939, he was appointed commander of the SS and police in the Lublin District, 1 of the 4 districts of General Guberni, which was to be specified a close colony of the 3rd German Reich.
For Globocnik, it was an chance to rehabilitate after the Vienna affair and to rebuild its position in Nazi structures.
The office in Lublin began on November 9, 1939. After a fewer days, the city’s inhabitants could feel the effects. 250 representatives of Lublin intelligence went to prison in Lublin Castle: officials, lawyers, judges, teachers.
Among the prisoners were 16 professors of the Catholic University of Lublin, as well as bishops Marian Fulman and Władysław Goral and respective another clergymen.
In the following weeks of Globocnik's office there were executions of representatives of Lublin elites and Jews.
These actions were closely related to Intelligenzaktion, an operation against the Polish elite.
In the spring of 1940, in Lublin, as in another districts of General Guberni, the AB action began, another operation aimed at Polish elites.
Within its framework, forces under Globocnik arrested nearly a 1000 people who were sent to concentration camps. As part of AB action, another group executions took place, specified as the 1 that took place in the Jesuit Rurach close Lublin, where about 500 people were shot.
From the beginning of his office, Globocnik has been curious in the 2 most “problems”. The first was the issue of the Germanization of the Lublin region, which was to be an crucial part of the creation of a "lifespace for Germans" in the East.
The second was the judaic question, which Globocnik believes should be effectively resolved.
In both cases, the solutions he promoted were so extremist that even the people around him considered them "crazy."
PACIFICATION
A model resettlement action.
Globocnik began fitting her in November 1941. erstwhile the inhabitants of 7 villages close Zamość were expelled from his command and 100 German settlers were brought to their place.
But it was a kind of prelude to the large German resettlement – settlement action that began in Zamość on the night of 27 to 28 November 1942.
It was then that the forces under Globocnik began to implement it. It ran according to a carefully planned scenario. The people sent to transition camps (organized in Zamość, Zwierzyniec and Biłgoraj), where they were selected by 4 categories.
Classed in the first and second categories, as having ‘Norse features’ were sent to a transitional camp in Łódź, where after the next selection they could be sent to centres in the 3rd German Reich. the intent of impregnating.
The 3rd category was considered suitable for physical work for the 3rd German Reich.
In turn, those included in the 4th category were sent to concentration camps. In total, the displacements included 294 Zamość villages in which nearly 110,000 of its people lived.
Their drama is hard to describe. Already in the process of spending the villagers who were to be displaced The Germans committed murder.
They besides occurred during segregations displaced in transitional camps. The villages in which opposition was made against displacement were pacified by German expeditions, or burned completely.
In many cases, Germans executed groups in displaced villages. Another drama active the transport of displaced people to destinations during which many of them died of starvation and cold.
This was peculiarly actual for the 30,000 children in Zamość who were among the displaced. In this case, the cruel crime was besides their removal and Germanization, which included respective 1000 children.
After the war, only about 800 of them managed to return to their biological families. The drama of displaced residents of Zamość villages can be comparable only to the drama of judaic ghetto residents liquidated after the Germans decided to solve the judaic question.
REINHARD ACTION
When in January 1942 at the Wansee Conference, it was clear that this must first concern General Guberni.
Himmler wanted the task of conducting specified an operation to be entrusted, his trusted – Odillo Globocnik. any even believe that Globocnik himself proposed Himmler to carry out specified an operation, and it happened in October 1941.
In any event, this operation was coded by ‘Reinhard’, for part of the operation killed in June 1942. Rainhrad Haydrirch, Protector of Bohemia and Moravia.
The preparations for Operation Reinhard have been in advancement since early 1942. Of course, the main function was played by Odillo Globocnik, who took on the burden of implementing the guidelines from Berlin.
It was then that Globocnik organized an operation staff in Lublin “Reinhard, which was made up of 453 SS officers and enlisted officers. Hermann Höfle, an old friend of Globocnik, was the head of the staff from the Austrian NSDAP.
He coordinated the actions of SS and police commanders in individual districts with the actions of civilian authorities in the area of displacement of Jews into extermination camps: Bełżca, Sobibor and Treblinka.
Supportive police formations, composed of Ukrainians and Russians, were active in the operation.
The main intent of Operation "Reinhard" was not only to destruct Jews, but besides to plunder their property.
Only those Jews who were considered fit to work were to be left alive. Methods of operation in Operation Reinhard have been developed on the basis of earlier German experience, especially those in the field of “euthanasia”, disabled and mentally ill.
Jews were taken to camps in crowded freight wagons. The arrivals were ordered to deposit valuables and take off their clothes and then they were directed to gas chambers, under the pretext of bathing and disinfection before further travel.
They were then gassed within 10-20 minutes with exhaust gas and then much more efficient in killing cyclone B.
Before gassing women, they cut their hair, and all the dead victims were torn out of the gas chambers by gold and silver teeth.
The bodies of the victims were first buried in large pits, and then burned. Odillo Globocnik did everything to make this doomsday device work as efficiently as possible.
And she did.
Over a twelve months of operation “Reinhard” (March 1942 to November 1943) killed more than 1 million Jews not only those who lived in the General Gubernia but besides those from another occupied by the 3rd Reich of German countries.
Hermann Höfle, the right-hand man of Globocnik and the chief of staff of Operation Reinhard in January 1943, sent a telegram to Adolf Eichmann, the chief coordinator and contractor of the plan for the final solution to the judaic issue, and to Franz Heim, Deputy Chief of safety Police "GG" in Kraków.
It concluded that by 31 December 1942, precisely 1 million 274,000 people had been murdered in 4 major Reinhard action camps" (Bełżec, Sobibor, Treblinka and Majdanek).
Interestingly, this telegram was intercepted by the British listening services and was introduced to members of the British government, as we only learned in 2000, after the British declassified this document.
Equally “impressive” were the financial successes of the operation “Reinhard”, which active taking over the objects and funds of the murdered Jews.
In a detailed study on the subject, Globocnik reported that the full profits for this intent amounted to 178.7 million German brands.
However, he noted that the lowest valuations of the Jews’ assets and currencies were taken. On the cost side of the operation Globocnik listed the amount of 4.7 million marks, which he noted was besides covered by cash resources taken from Jews.
Adriatic mission Globocnik
Odillo Globocnik, however, did not lead Operation Reinhard to the end. In September 1943, he was transferred to Trieste, where he was appointed SS and Adriatic Operations region Police Commander.
It was officially to be a promotion due to the fact that Globocnik was promoted to Gruppenführer of the SS, but the unofficial reason for his cancellation from Lublin was to be the financial embezzlements which he allegedly committed with his staff during the operation “Reinhrad.
Whether that truly was to the end it was not known, but it is probable, due to the fact that as we remember akin allegations appeared to him erstwhile he was the Gauleiter of Vienna.
However, it is more likely that the actual reason for the cancellation of Globocnik from Lublin was much more than the allegations of embezzlement were his notorious conflicts with the politician of the Lublin district, who blamed Globocnik for the inept displacement actions in Zamość, which led to intense fighting with the Polish guerrilla, in which considerable German forces had to be unnecessarily involved.
But let us leave aside the circumstances of his decision from Lublin to Trieste. In his fresh place Globocnik focused on combating guerrillas: Italian and Yugoslav, and on further extermination of Jews and plundering their property.
In particular, this last assignment active him strongly. Globocnik held captures in Trieste and organized a transitional camp from which he sent at least 20,000 Jews to Auschwitz and another camps.
But he was about to end his activities. In the spring of 1945, the German front broke down in Italy and the Balkans. In April 1945, Globocnik evacuated from Trieste and reached Klagenfurt.
Then with respective of his companions he hid in a forest hut in 1 of the mountain towns. However, he was betrayed, and on 30 May 1945 he fell into the hands of the British of the 4th Huzars Regiment, who were stationed in the area of the village of Paternion.
When he was yet identified as a wanted criminal, he bit through the cyanide ampoule, as did his boss Heinrich Himmler.
Thus he avoided work for the crimes he committed during the war.
But the question is, if Globocnik had survived those first post-war months, would he have a chance to save his life?
Following the destiny of German criminals after the end of planet War II, this is highly likely. The German criminals could not only benefit from the fact that the planet was then engulfed in the trenches of the "cold war", and they could always stand on their side of the West, but even more so, the West German Bundesrepublic did not want to punish the SS veterans besides much due to the fact that they could besides contribute to building its power.
Alexander Szumański
