Not just in the Lions, the Red Oct.
WITHOUT CORONS AND LENNINE LEADERS
Red October tried to break down the open door leading to Europe. Before that, however, he had begun mass murders of the “enemies of the people”, the demolition of temples, faithful, and clergy, uncovering them the top danger, the top “enemies of the red star”. The image of these revolutionary actions and the fresh order of action is clearly illustrated by Antoni Ferdinand Ossendowski in his book “Lenin”. These are fragments of these activities involving Vladimir Uljanov Lenin himself:
“ The Antichrist came and the state on earth assumed. This Antichrist has 2 faces: 1 Lenin, the another Trotsky. God have mercy! God have mercy on us! – the peasants sighed.
Comrades! These people are hostages, and they'll be shot if you don't turn in your neighbors. What do you mean? The branch commander shouted – don't you know that private property has been abolished forever? Everything is common. I'll number to three. Tell me, which 1 of you was in the battle? One, two, counted the mobile commissioner taking the revolver out of his vagina. Three! A hostage-side agent of the "checks" put a weapon barrel to the ear of a landlord and fired. A man with a shattered head fell to the ground.
– any people beat someone, dragging him on the stones of the pavement, and sometimes bursting with thoughtless laughter. The head of the beaten man was pounding and jumping on the stones, followed by a bloody trail. Long live the social revolution! – Lenin shouted – long live the power of the Council, workers, soldiers, peasants! Ho! Ho! Ho! – the crowd answered him and he continued to bully the killed. Lenin escorted distant murderers with a kind look at black eyes. The setting sun lit fire and shine on the golden cross of the emblem of torment. Lenin looked at him with his eyes blinking and said, "Well, what? Where is your power and your discipline of love? Are you silent and not opposed? And you'll be quiet due to the fact that we approve the truth!
Every day people were shot without a courtship, provocations were committed, money was extorted for release from prison, beaten, bullied in a way that was never heard of in the darkest days of the Carat.
Do you believe in God and the boy of God?
I don't know God, and I respect Jesus of Nazareth, for he drove fear into the mighty and unrighteous," Lenin replied.
That is why it happens that all man is the boy of God, the brother of Christ. – and the Savior to whom the dark people pray, they have yielded to the inducements of pops! – added Lenin with a bad smile.O, I will justice without pity, without regret.
- Comrades! Let us look into the eyes of our oppressors!
To the cathedral!
Lenin entered the church wearing a hat, followed by commissioners, Finnish gunmen and soldiers, and no 1 exposed his head.
The crowd fossilized and looked with horror at the ungodly. The golden doors of “the imperial gate” were opened in the large altar and the clergy in ritual robes, with crosses in their hands and the gospel, carried over their heads by a fat archdeacon, went out to meet the fresh rulers of the capital.
For Christ, our Savior, said, "Every authority is from God,"--the parish priest began his cathedral speech, with stumbling and fear, looking at a tiny barbarous man in a working hat, from under the roof, whose curiously and profoundly blinked Mongol eyes. –
adequate of this comedy! – The authority of the workers is not from any of the existing gods, but from workshops and plows, from sweat and blood! That's enough! We don't know your god stories. We don't request this opium, this hashish, embarrassing will of the people! There are no gods in heaven or on earth! Nowhere! Nowhere!
The clergy began to retreat in fear; 1 of the pops, having cast a dense garment, ran, tangling in its shelves. Lenin burst with laughter, followed by commissioners, soldiers and the crowd, just a minute ago stumbled and troubled.
This change of temper did not escape Lenin's attention, so erstwhile he addressed the pops, he cried out, "If your God existed, then he would besides depart from you--czars' servants, pasichs, drunkards, fornicators, oppressors of the working people."
But he's nowhere! He would punish me for my words, but you see? You go back and forth, proceeding the truth!
Lenin noticed that 1 of the crowds had pressed the cap over his head, and the female standing nearby, intending to make a sign of the cross, abruptly left her hand and smiled mysteriously.
Surrounded by escorts and commissioners, Lenin went further.
Along the walls were the tombs of the Tsars and their spouse. White and pink marble, crowns, short gold plated inscriptions.He stopped at 1 tomb and struck him with a firearm flask..
Soldiers and crowds threw themselves into smashing close tombs, dragged coffins with embalmed remnants of old rulers, opened them, ripped gold objects, costly fabrics, and dragged stiff, embalmed corpses after the floor, laughing, shouting and making dirty, shameless jokes.
Throw these dolls into Newa! – Lenin advised, kindly looking at the pompous, amused crowd, as if the father were slavish children. The bodies and coffins were stretched out into the square, and they were dragged further into the walls; among the whistle, the howling, the screaming and the laughter were thrown all into the river.
The crowd with cheery shouts returned to the cathedral, but Lenin showed up on the cloister. His face laughed. He cried out, reaching out his hands to the people moving towards him. –
You threw distant all this junk, these bourgeois relics! You showed the full planet what you think of crowned executioners.He was highly happy.
On the first day of his life, he realized that he was the chief of the people. He knew for what intent these blind masses would lead in hatred; he had the will to do so; present he saw that he could impose his will. They lifted him to the top of the wave of natural forces, he will not defy them, but while yielding to the power of the masses, any of this power will direct into the placenta prepared by himself.
..Helene entered the office. Her face was pale, her lips trembled, the sparks of anger flickered in her eyes. I come to you with a complaint! – she called without a welcome.
What happened! – Lenin asked, smiling ironically.
I was in the church with my pupils. That's just terrible! I don't want to believe!
All of a sudden, the check soldiers break in, start throwing out the praying, seeking comfort and comfort.
Think Christmas now! Soldiers beat people, blasphemously, knock images off walls, break the doors leading to the altar, hold his steps of bishop, bully him, and then shoot at paintings and crosses. That's terrible! This could origin an outrage, a civilian war!
And did the people resist, reprobate, revolt? He asked Lenin.
- No! No! In a panic he ran away, pressing himself and in tightness fighting with each another against his fists – she responded to it by shaking all over herself.
You can see that everything is going the best! – he noticed with laughter.
But terrible things were done, blasphemous, sacrilege! It blew up. And everything under Lenin's command! Why do you talk for God? Was God very angry? Did he thunder? Did he punish the soldiers “wait”? Are you silent? So he wasn't angry or punishing? Excellent! Why are you so outraged?’
So much in the passages “Lenin”. And then? Soviet-Polish War. It is impossible to compose about the red business of Poland until 1989 without context years after the First planet War, with a break in the interwar period. Soviet-Polish War began the aggression of russian Russia on Poland, which was after all this corridor leading to the Bolshevik conquest of Europe. The war began in early 1918 to extend the Bolshevik revolution in Europe. The war was decided by the Political Office of the Bolshevik organization – Vladimir Lenin, Józef Stalin, Lew Trocki, Lew Kamieniev. There was only 1 way to accomplish their goal; the way to Berlin and the combination of russian forces with the power of German proletariat and industrialised economy.
And it would seem that Poland stood in this open door to Europe. Poland, a suburb of Christianity, intended to change the forces of the Bolshevik revolution to the Mongolian suburb, to bring its communist order. As early as November 1918, Joseph Stalin described the way to Europe as moving through the “Polish laundering” which the Red Army was expected to force in 1 attempt.
prof. Andrzej Nowak “The Heritage of 1920”
"Our Journal" 13-15 VIII 2011
prof. Andrzej Nowak believes in “The Heritage of 1920′′ -/”Our Journal” 13 – 15 August 2011 / that 1 should ask questions:
"What did the Polish Army fight for? The fixation of post-age independency and boundaries. But the limits of what? Or just the borders of Poland? Is there anything more in the result? The frontiers of ideological pride of communism? The borders of the freedoms of the smaller, located between Russia and Germany, nations? Europe's frontiers? What kind of Europe? The answer to these questions became the most dramatic in the spring and summertime of 1920.
The Soviet-Polish War then entered a decisive phase. The Red Army has been preparing a powerful hit since January, which was to break up the Polish Army on the Belarusian Front in May. The politician of the state Józef Piłsudski wanted to inform about this attack and effort to carry out the most ambitious task. He wanted to consolidate Poland's independency by yet breaking the imperial prison of nations east of it. Ukraine's independency was not only to safe Poland, but besides to let the free improvement of smaller nations from the Caucasus to the Baltic. However, this has not been full achieved. The independency component in Ukraine turned out to be besides weak, and Poland's forces were not adequate to fight alone for the future of all east Europe not only against russian Russia, but besides against the position of the major Western powers (France, large Britain and the United States ), which were accustomed to see 1 origin of force in this area: Russia. In particular, Britain wanted to communicate with Moscow at the time, even with “red”. Moscow is the only 1 to the east of Germany an crucial partner in laying down a fresh European order after the large War. British Prime Minister David Lloyd George has since April 1929 sought a direct agreement with Lenin as the real host not only of Russia, but besides the patron of this fresh order in east Europe. Poland's independent policy, taking into account the existence of another smaller countries in this area, as well as drawing attention to the ideological nature of the russian danger to Europe as a full – was besides an obstacle in this perspective.
Lenin sent Lion Kamieniev, a associate of the Politburo, to London to uphold the illusion of the russian state's agreement with the West (for the price of giving Moscow all east Europe under control.
However, as the military initiative was recovered in the war against Poland and the Red Army's advancement towards the west, he was tempted to throw the glove at the full Versailles strategy in Europe. The Western front of Mikhail Tuchaszewski was to decision “through the white Polish corpse” to Berlin. Poland was not the only 1 to be popularized.
In the summertime of 1920, the scale of the Bolshevik leadership's ambition reflects the most complete exchange of messages between Lenin and Stalin (who straight supervised the Red Army's attack on Lviv at the time). On July 23, Lenin wrote to Stalin: “I think that the revolution in Italy should be stimulated at the moment. I personally believe that Hungary should be secularised for this purpose, and possibly besides the Czech Republic and Romania." Stalin, who promised to take the Lions within a week, replied the next day: Now that we have Komintern, defeated Poland and little or more decent Red Army (..) it would be a sin not to stimulate the revolution in Italy. (.) The issue of the organisation of uprisings in Italy and in countries specified as Hungary, the Czech Republic, (Romania will come to break up) (.). In short, you gotta rise the anchor and let yourself go until imperialism has made it as specified to repair its smashing car. Stalin, before moving to Lviv, had already developed theoretically-systemic solutions to grow the russian empire. In an earlier letter to Lenin, he pointed out that future russian Germany, russian Poland, Hungary, or Finland should not be immediately attached to russian Russia on the same national rule as Bashkiria or Ukraine, but they deserve the introduction of the Confederacy principle, temporarily honoring the traditions of their state distinctness. Trocki, in turn, insisted on July 17 on increased agitation among Polish workers and peasants in order to instill in their consciousness fresh national heroes who had not yet known “the associations of Dzierżyński, Marchlewski, Radek, Unszlichta and others. They were to replace Piłsudski, Dmowski, Witos or Paderewski in fresh Poland. Kill Poland. The second legislature of the Communist global was held in Moscow. The delegates looked enthusiastically at the large map, on which red flags moved to the west all day. Isaac Babel, a large writer, and in the summertime of 1920 a polytrud accompanying the 1st Horse Army of Semion Budionny in a large rally on Poland wrote his impressions of that minute hotly: “Moscow newspapers of 29 July. The beginning of the Second legislature of the Komintern, the unity of the peoples, all clear ; there are 2 worlds and war is declared. We will fight forever. Russia has challenged. We're going deep into Europe to conquer the world. The Red Army has become a global factor." He was excited about Lenin's beginning prospects on August 12, calling for impatience for the Politburo meeting."
From a political point of view, it is crucial to kill Poland.” However, Poland was not able to scope it. Lenin's disappointment was great. The clash with the force established in the vast majority of society of mature patriotism was a fresh phenomenon for the Bolsheviks. The effort to Sovietize Poland crashed about what Richard Pipes called European nationalism, and what so favorably distinguished the situation of Poland from the social anomaly on which the Bolsheviks built their success in Russia, Ukraine, or Belarus "Cursed Dark Poland", as Kliment Woroszylov, a comrade of Stalin against the struggles at Lviv, wrote on 4 September, showed "Szovinism and a blunt hatred of the Russians". For the next 20 years, the russian Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, remained the peace treaties of the Bolsheviks with the “burly” governments of the tiny Baltic republics. Lenin verified decisively the full of his strategy: “moral” aid and material aid for the origin of revolutions in imperialist states was to be maintained and even intensified, in peculiar in the colony, while direct military engagement of the russian state in the export of the revolution was excluded for many years. In Europe, anyway. The Versailles strategy was saved for 20 years in the conflict of Warsaw and later in Germany. With it, the chance of independent improvement of Central and east Europe survived. At least parts of it and at least for a while. The price wasn't small. Nearly 1 100 1000 soldiers who died and died in this war, young volunteers who were symbolized by Warsaw academics fighting under Radzymin under the spiritual leader of the priest Ignacy Skorupka, Lviv academics / Orlęta – an addition of AS / from Polish Thermopil – Zabórna, volunteers defending heroically Plock and Włocławka. Polish prisoners who never returned from russian captivity.
highly dedicated young members of the POW (Polish Military Organization) who collected intelligence in the back of the russian front. In the shadow of a red star. The rations in this war were divided. surely not in July and August 1920. Violent, totalitarian russian imperialism carried physical and civilisational violence. He forced an identity change on his fresh subjects. They were to become followers of communist ideology, based in their core on class hatred, on a constant resentitude towards those who prosper better, towards those who believe in something better than the party. Only those who defended Ossov, defended Poland, defended Europe, defended God were right. Not those who wanted to crush Ossians, Poland, Europe and God with the weight of a red star. And about this right, the Polish ration of August 1920, we must not forget. We must not forget if we are to stay Poles, and besides if Europe is to preserve the core of its spiritual identity, 1 in which there is freedom and Christianity. In May 1920, erstwhile a Polish soldier struggled with the Red Army for the future of east Europe, Karol Wojtyła was born in Wadowice. Imagine that Poland submitted to the dictatorship of Lenin in August 1920. That a fresh one, tailored according to Stalin's project, the Polish russian republic, is emerging. Could young Charles hear of God? Could he become a Pole? These questions concern the full generation – the top most likely in the 20th century generation of Poles born and raised in the free Homeland. These questions besides concern us, children and grandchildren of this generation. These questions, questions about the memory of 1920 turn into even more serious questions today: do we want to proceed to be Poles, or do we want to fight (to fight our work, our courage to bear witness to their identity) for Poland and Europe faithful to their best spiritual traditions? Do we want Poland to be independent, ready to support the freedom of the smaller nations of our part of the continent, or do we accept the function of pawns set on the geopolitical map by powers that ignore the smaller and weaker and impose on them absolutely dictates of their ideological preferences”?
Thus Poland saved itself and Europe from the defeat of "The Spectre circulating across Europe, the spectrum of communism", a program declaration by the Union of Communists (German Communist Party) written by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels in the late 1847s and 1848s and announced in February 1848 in London.
After 123 years of possessive captivity, the Independent was created with “blood and scar” recovered by the Warden of the First Marshal of Poland Józef Piłsudski.
However, the 20th interwar anniversary of Independent Poland was not politically calm. There was an interior and external diversion. Hostile forces tried to destruct Poland.
After the war lost, russian Russia continued to effort to capture Poland.
Communist organization of Western Ukraine, KPZU – Ukrainian branch of the Communist organization of Poland, in the interwar period operated in the provinces of Lviv, Stanislawów, Tarnopolski and Volynów. Precursors of the later KPZU were socialist – communist groups Borisława, Drohobych and Stryja. The organization was formed in October 1923 from the transformation of the Communist organization of east Galicia. She advocated connecting the south-eastern part of Poland to the ZSRS, as did the Communist organization of Poland / KPP /.
Leading leaders of KPZU: including Ostap Dłuski, Opyp Kriłyk, Roman Kuźma, Oziah Szechter. Press bodies: “Our Truth”, “Earth and Will”, “Fighting Mas”, “Culture”, “Working Tribunal”.
The illegal Communist organization of Poland (KPP) was founded on 16 December 1918 and dissolved by the Communist global ( Komintern) on 16 August 1938 as part of a large purge in the erstwhile USSR. The organization was created as a consequence of the merger of the Polish socialist movement (PPS – Left) and social democracy in the lands of the Polish Russian partition (SDKPiL). In practice, after the merger of both parties in the Communist Workers' organization of Poland (KPR) as a Komintern section, since March 1919, she has served as a russian agent in the territory of the Second Republic. Its strategical goal was to liquidate the Polish state and incarnate its territory into the russian Union as a russian republic. The activities of KPRP / later KPP / was declared anti-state, illegal in the territory of the Republic, pending the dissolution by Komintern in 1938. KPRP activists in the Polish-bolshevik war took part on the side of russian Russia. It is worth mentioning that the Association of Polish Workers founded in Vilnius by Julian Marchlewski and others, ideologically representing the left-wing variety of socialism, and Felix Dzierżyński led the Union of Lithuanian Workers with an analogous profile in Vilnius.
The activity of the Organizations of Ukrainian Nationalists (CNS) of the interwar period was guided by terrorist, diversion and sabotage acts directed against Polish power. associate Tadeusz Hołówko, Minister Bronisław Pieracki and a number of police officers were murdered. At the hands of Roman Szuchewycz / Taras Czuprynka / school curator Stanisław Sobiński died. The CNS owned its chemical laboratories in Poland where bombs were produced and stored weapons, conducted sabotage operations on a large scale – its members set fire to farms, destroyed grain, telephone and telegraph lines. In order to get money, they made robberies at post offices and ambulances, or even on single mailmen. In addition to this, there were besides murders of Ukrainians who loyally performed duties towards the Polish state. Ukrainian poet Sydir Twerdochlib, manager of Ukrainian junior advanced school in Lviv – Ivan Babić, manager of the teacher seminary in Przemyśl – Sofron Matwias, died Ukrainian governors.
On September 17, 1939, in agreement with Hitler, the Red Army invaded Poland. So, in order to master Poland, a hostile arrangement was needed, and so it reached the 4th partition.
The Red business of Poland began with murders. It is known that the demolition of intelligence – the brain of the nation deprives the nation of leadership.
In the environment of Polish historians there is an opinion that on 17 September 1939 the September run was yet lost. It's hard to disagree. An aggressor from the west, with nearly 2 million soldiers, 10,000 guns, 2,800 1000 tanks and 2,000 aircraft, joined the enemy, who threw over 300,000 soldiers, 4,000 guns, 5,000 tanks and a 1000 aircraft.
The Polish Army, severely weakened by fighting in the west, had no physical chance of stopping specified force. But did it really? Were there truly no troops in the East that could not stop, but at least defy the Red Army?
“We have waited long for this day, with hope impatient in the soul, erstwhile without words comrade Stalin on the map with a tube arrow will move...”
The thousand-mile-long border of the Republic with the russian Union, designated in 1921 under the provisions of peace in Riga, almost all the time attracted attention of Polish authorities and army command. The defence was entrusted to her, established in 1924 by the Border defender Corps, which focused on the fight against the “raids” and the diversion of tiny russian troops crossing borders, usually in order to kidnap and execution representatives of Polish authorities and set fire to villages or border posts. It was only until the signing of the non-aggression pact between the 2 states in 1932 and the “good neighbourly relations” protocol in November 1938 that normalized the situation.
However, it deteriorated rapidly in late August of the following year, erstwhile the 3rd Reich and the russian Union signed a non-aggression pact to the surprise of the world, named after the names of the signatories to the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact. This was the end of the French-English efforts to win the anti-German russian Union into the coalition, and fundamentally determined the outbreak of war. The secret clause contained in this agreement defined the division of zones of influence of both countries in Central and east Europe. The russian region of interest included Finland, Estonia and Latvia, as well as Romania and Poland indirectly. Germany accepted the claims of the Soviets to Besarabia and North Bukovina – parts of Romania that were within the limits of the Russian Empire before planet War I. In Poland, the limits of russian interests were rivers of Vistula, Narew and San. The Germans were satisfied with the areas of the western part of the Republic and influences in Lithuania.
The importance of the pact and the threat it brought with it has been ignored by Poland. abroad Minister Joseph Beck could not believe that the 2 most bitter enemies were willing to communicate on any political issue. It was underestimated that specified agreements are signed by countries with common borders, and that the russian Union did not border the 3rd Reich. Yet...
On 1 September 1939, at 4:45 a.m., the German troops, implementing the plan "Fall Weiss" crossed the borders of the Republic. A Polish-German conflict broke out, which shortly turned into planet War II. The Polish army stood in the top of the lost conflict for a young, due to the fact that only 20-year-old independence. Examples of specified battles as: Westerplatte, Hungarian Mountain, Mokra, Wizna, Bzura, or many another more or little celebrated battalions have been bravely shown. However, due to mistakes in the deployment of troops, late mobilization, the adoption of the fatal doctrine of war, and the overwhelming method advantage of the enemy, after 2 weeks of fighting, the situation was almost critical: Warsaw – the main opposition point – was surrounded; in the "Pomorskie Corridor", the last forces defended themselves by a cut-off from the remainder of the country of the Coast Land defence Army; After the fighting of the Polish army in the centre of the country, Germans approached Chełm and Lviv, and Polish armies “Poznań” and “Pomorze” were almost completely annihilated after the first successes of the counterattack under Kutne. On 12 September (9 days after the German war was declared) at the Abbeville Conference, representatives of the General Staff of the Western allies of Poland – England and France considered that no material aid made sense in relation to the velocity at which German troops went into the territory of the Polish state. This constituted a violation of the alliance treaties which the English and French concluded with Poland, especially due to the fact that the results of these talks were not notified to the government of the country...
Stalin, who learned from his agents in the west about the provisions of the Abbeville Conference, understood that he had been given the green light to fulfill the obligations contained in the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact. Since 8 September the Germans have insisted that the USSR be rapidly active in the fight. But on September 8, the war was not yet settled. It's a week late.
“...The cry of the Red Army was on the way along the border, and before the thundering cannons went silent, the Red Army set out in a conflict with the storm speed...”
At 3:00 in the morning, on September 17, 1939 russian troops crossed the Polish border. This entry was completely different from the German 1 2 weeks ago. Throughout the border stations, red-armists waved white flags to the amazed KOP soldiers, tankers in open tank turrets shouted: As shortly as! By Germanca! Nevertheless, many of the COP guards resisted. The institutions “Ludwikowo”, “Sienkiewicze” and “Dawidówek” defended the longest. To the General Staff the first news of the russian crossing the border arrived around 6:00 p.m. That was the study of the commander of the KOP “Podole”, Colonel Marceli Kotarba: “The advantage is very large, we fight persistently and I will effort as long as I can to defend myself...” In a akin tone, there were another reports from the remaining episodes of the fresh east front. The chief of command – understandable – panicked. There was quite a few excessive information about the advancement of russian troops: news arrived at noon about the crossing of the Red Dniestr Army under the village of Wieśnieczek, 40 kilometres from Kolomya. Although this proved to be untruthful, in the face of full chaos and almost hopeless situation the head of the French military mission in Poland gen. Faury pressed for Marshal Rydz-Smigły – Chief Commander to decision towards the Romanian border as shortly as possible. This was a legitimate behaviour. The spectrum of the capture of representatives of Polish authorities and troops by the Soviets became increasingly real, and if it had been realised it would have been a complete disaster.
As a consequence of a gathering with the Minister of abroad Affairs, Józef Beck and Prime Minister Felicjan Sławoj-Składkowski, Marshal Rydz-Śmigły resigned his plans to make a defence on the Dniestr line, on the alleged "Roman premacy" – where he intended to wait for the offensive of allies in the west – and issued a controversial order to this day:
"The Soviets have entered. I order a general withdrawal to Romania and Hungary on the shortest roads. Don't fight the Bolsheviks, unless they're attacked or trying to disarm the troops. The task of Warsaw and cities to defend themselves against Germany – no change. The cities to which the Bolsheviks will approach should deal with them on the departure of garrisons to Hungary or Romania. On the night of 17-18 September, the Chief Leader and the Polish authorities crossed the Romanian border, where he was interned."
This order deepened the chaos that arose as a consequence of the invasion of russian troops. Many linear commanders did not know how to behave in the face of a fresh threat, especially due to the fact that the Red Army deliberately disinformationed Poles, saying that they crossed the border as allies in the fight against Germany. However, many individuals have tried to defy the overwhelming enemy in all respect. In the north-eastern regions of the country, as a consequence of dense fighting, the KOP's "Krasne", "Budosław" and "Iwiewiec" were broken up. In Vilnius, prepared from mid-September to repel the German attack, 8 infantry battalions supported by 14 light guns and 2 anti-aircraft guns were concentrated. On 17 September, the troops of the "Vilno", 20 Battery and Baon of National Defence "Sets" withdrew to Vilnius. In total, the city's garrison accounted for nearly 7,000 soldiers, but devoid of artillery and anti-tank weapons. The defence commander was the oldest officer – the regiment of the diplomat Jarosław Okulicz-Kozaryn. On the evening of 18 September, after receiving reports of russian tanks approaching, he issued an order to retreat to the Lithuanian border, after which he left Vilnius himself.
The confusion that arose as a consequence of specified an order caused a number of uncoordinated fights with the Red Army entering the city. To the end, they fought the Boy Scouts and the worthy at the grave with the heart of Marshal Piłsudski on Ross. The vast majority of the improvised Vilnius garrison withdrew from the city and crossed the Lithuanian border on 19-20 September.
The situation in Grodno was completely different. Only poorly armed reserve troops and guards were stationed here, commanded by the Colonel at rest. Bronislaw Adamovich. The commander of the “Grodno” Warovne territory intended to execute the order of Gen. Olszyna-Wilczyński and evacuate the military from the city in the event of the Red Army. A completely different position was presented by Vice president Grodna Roman Sawicki, who called on civilians to build fortifications and fight the enemy.
On September 20, about 20 tanks of the XV Armored Corps entered the city from the south-west. Without hindrance, they crossed the bridge on Niemnie and reached the center. Here they found hard resistance: a appropriate fire of the plot, and school youth armed with petrol bottles disposed of 8 tanks. The others were forced to retreat. The defenders were strengthened by soldiers of the Volkovsk Group of Gen. in the state of remainder of Wacław Przedziecki (Reservative Cavalry Brigade), who entered the city on the night of 20 to 21 September. The command was taken over by Gen. Przewodzicki. The next day the Soviets resumed the attack. The infantry supported by tanks, and strong artillery within a fewer hours reached the bridge on Niemnie and mastered it. Tanks re-enter downtown. In the face of the hopeless situation, Poles decided the another way around. The fights lasted until late evening hours. Their sinister epilogue was the killing by Soviets taken prisoner defenders of Grodn (their mass graves were not discovered until 1992...). Most of the Reserve Cavalry Brigade, which is the core of Grodna's defense, shortly crossed the border of Lithuania. General Olszyna-Wilczyński was detained under the Spockinis on September 22 by a motorized russian column and along with his adjutant captain at rest. Mieczysław Srzemieski murdered...
‘... The winners of the way by their series means, the flag of freedom covered with glory, the heads of Polish owners pave Ukraine all over. It is raining Podole, in tributes to Volhynia, the people with a song welcome the fresh system, burning wealth and churches and Christ with a bullet in the back of his head...”
The Red Army, south of the Prypeci swamps, in Polesiu, Volyn and Podol, found much tougher resistance. There were larger groups of Polish troops preparing to fight Germany. In Polesie, commander OK No. IX General Franciszek Kleeberg concentrated his subordinate troops on the Brest – Pinsk line. He had the strength of 20 infantry battalions, which nevertheless supported only 10 field guns and small more anti-tank. any of these forces were already fighting Germany (Cobrin group of Colonel Adam Epler, in the strength of 7 battalions, 10 guns and 4 cannons) in the area of Kobrin, where the 2nd Motorized Division approached. On the alleged Wolynsky Polesiu stationed (in garrisons, backup centres, or during the march) another 30 battalions, 40 field guns, respective spans, 11 tanks and 3 armored trains. It was already rather a considerable force, with which both the Wehrmacht going from the west and the Red Army had to reckon.
On the late evening of September 18, General Kleeberg was ordered by the Chief Leader to concentrate his subordinate troops in the area west of Kowl. From there, he intended to head for the Romanian border and, as ordered, cross it. His group departed from the Germans with singing on their lips marched on Kowel, where, as was said, "many troops, lots of equipment and immense supplies of ammunition and resources for further combat." After reaching the intended area, these branches were reorganized and named the "Poles" Independent Operations Group. Contact was made with russian troops that had already reached Kowla to guarantee a free march to the border.
In the light of the fiasco of negotiations, General Kleeberg ordered the march on Włodawa. He was well aware that utilizing the belt "no one's land" which abruptly developed between the retreating Germans and the West Red Army would let him to freely access the Bug under Włodawa. He further planned a march to aid the only certain opposition point – Warsaw...
On September 22, the SGO “Polesie” in the area of Maloryt encountered the group of Colonel Ottokar Brzozy-Brzezina, which after reorganization formed 50 Infantry Divisions “Brzeza”. 5 days later, Kleeberg's troops entered Włodawa, enthusiastically welcomed by the civilian population. The SGO “Polesie” was joined by further units, including the two-brigade “Zaza” Cavalry Division (created from the survivors of the Suwałki Cavalry Brigade and troops of the Podlaska Cavalry Brigade), under General Podhorski. On that day, news of the surrender of Warsaw reached the soldiers, which placed a further march west under a large question mark... After a long and stormy council, the generals decided to lead their troops towards Dęblin, and from there to break into the Świętokrzyskie Mountains and initiate a guerrilla war. On 29 September, a march on Radzyń-Łuków took place. Before contact with German troops, however, a number of victorious battles were fought with the Red Army, trying to destruct Polish forces. The 60th Infantry Division "Kobrin" Colonel Adam Epler defeated russian troops under Jabłonia, and the day later besides under Milew. It is noteworthy that a crucial number of russian prisoners of war were taken, who were incorporated into Polish units at their own request, due to the fact that they refused to return to their own units. They participated in further battles until the end of the campaign...
A much more hard task was the commander of the COP, General Orlik-Ruckeman. It had a force of 16 infantry battalions (including 1 sapper battalion), 7 cavalry squadrons and 14 cannons. They were not tiny forces, but were stretched over a dimension of almost 250 km, which did not give a chance of effective defence. It took 3 days for these troops to concentrate in the area's designated general. On 22 September, she embarked towards a crossing on Bugu close Shack, where she reached 27 September just to place russian soldiers from the 52nd firearm Division. There's been a battle. Completely amazed Soviets suffered dense losses (20 tanks were destroyed or captured, and 300 prisoners were taken prisoner) and were forced to leave the field to Poles. General Orlik-Ruckeman's group crossed Bug. Another goal was to scope the forests south of Parchev. Unfortunately, on 1 October Poles under the Guidelines attacked russian tanks. The fights lasted for respective hours. In the face of the end of ammunition, the Group's soldiers broke distant from the enemy and left in the forest area under Sosnowiec, where the Group was disbanded.
Under Vladimir in Volyn, the Red Army came on 19 September. In the city itself, Polish forces surrounded the barracks of the School of Artillery Reserve. The Polish commander sent parliamentarians with conditions of surrender which ensured the preservation of individual weapons and free march to Romania. The russian commander, Komdiv Bogomolov, agreed to these conditions, but as shortly as the Polish soldiers left the barracks, he stated that "as a consequence of changes in the global situation, the officers must lay down their arms and are now considered prisoners of war." Later, their names were on the Katyn lists...
The plans for the defence of the Equal by the KOP troops were completely unsuccessful. Tanks of the 5th Sowietnikov Komdiwa Army hit the city, which easy broke the defence of the KOP regiment “Equal”. Baon “Honey” has already been destroyed at the border, the “Dederkała” bar forced to retreat to the Chaices and Brody.
Without a fight, Tarnopol was given distant even though the city had a strong multi-thousand garrison that could defend itself up to a week. Only a tiny group of officers and privates fired on russian troops from the church tower. They were immediately captured and shot at the scene...
Already on September 19, the Red Army approached the Lviv, which at that time resisted from the west the German troops' attacks. The commander of the Armoured Brigade Colonel Ivanov issued a request to the commander of the defence of Lviv, General Langer to surrender the city. Without waiting for an answer, the Soviets assumed on September 20 an effort to enter Lviv. However, they were repelled by losing 1 tank.
Although the moods among garrison soldiers and civilians were good, food stocks would last for 3 months, and ammunition for about 2 weeks of defense, Gen. Langer and his staff were opposed to continuing to fight due to the "no anticipation of improving the country's overall position" which was hopeless after 20 days of war. On the morning of 22 September, the Polish delegation signed a paper in the Vineyards, under which the town of the Red Army was transferred.
Point 8 guaranteed officers individual freedom and integrity of ownership. After signing the document, General Langer said: “We are at war with Germany. The city fought with them for 10 days. They, German, enemies of the full Slavic world. You are the Slavs...”
The Soviets broke the provisions in point 8 and many of the officers defending Lviv were murdered in Starobielsk.
“...The maps of the Versailles bastard, the free hebrew and the Belarusian, never again will the Polish hand force them to do anything. The fresh freedom proclaims Truth, the full planet is about to fly, that 1 now combines the banner of the star, the sickle, the hackkreuz and the hammer!”
On 29 September in Moscow after stormy negotiations (Germany proposed to leave the hull Polish state without Pomerania, Wielkopolska and Silesia, with the east border from Grodno after Przemyśl. Stalin did not accept specified a solution, arguing that this might pose a danger in the future to the good relations between the 3rd Reich and the russian Union) 3 protocols were signed, regulating the fresh borders between the 2 countries. In exchange for lands between Vistula, Bug and San agreed to hand over Lithuania to the russian sphere of influence. Both parties undertook to fight together the Polish independency underground, and not to tolerate any Polish agitation concerning the territory of the another party.
‘ ...These days past will not forget erstwhile the old land in amazement froze...”
In 1992 the Russian Ministry of Defence published in Moscow a book "Grif asikrietnosti snjat" in which it gives the exact amount of war equipment acquired in September and October 1939 in Poland. Here is simply a balance sheet: 247325 rifles, 8566 dense device guns, 12783 sabers, 740 guns of various calibers, 36 tanks, 64 armored cars, 131 aircraft and 4579 another motor vehicles. In total, this represents at least 3 1939 field armies! On the basis of almost 30 reserve centres moved from the centre of the country, tough defenses could be organised. In addition, many border garrisons were stationed in the east with crucial amounts of weapons reserves. To the east, troops defeated by the Germans were retreating to reorganize and re-start the fight. The adoption of the defence on the ‘Roman preface’ was possible. There were already tanks of Colonel Maczka, a motorized brigade, and a battalion of major Łucki tanks, with a full of 50 machines, not 1 of which fired a shot...
But this kind of mistake during the last phase of the run was made much more. 1 may be key here. If the forces of the KOP of Generals Kleeberg and Orlik-Ruckeman had retreated south alternatively than embarked on a destructive march westward, it would most likely have been a large conflict with the Red Army in the Kowla area. In addition to the armies of both generals, there were crucial Polish forces including a battalion of cyclists from Silesia, a squadron of 36 mortars 81mm Captain J. Cebula, respective light artillery batteries and 18 tanks. This group left for Krasnystaw alternatively of attempting to defend in the Lutsk region. There were 9,000 soldiers in Lutsk alone including a 1000 officers who surrendered to the Soviets without a fight. It is very likely that, supported by the units of KOP Kleeberg and Orlik-Ruckeman, could be a hard nut to crack for russian troops.
However, the question arises whether, in the face of a full defeat on the western and central fronts of Poland, a large conflict in the east would have any meaning. most likely not. It would prolong the run by a fewer weeks but it would not be able to affect the outcome.
More russian tanks would be burned, more red-armists would be killed, but Polish losses would be considerably greater. any of these troops made a successful effort to break into Hungary and Romania, where, after a long odyssey, they strengthened the composition of the Polish army in France and later Britain. any dropped their uniforms and buried a weapon that might have been useful in later partisan combat. present we have no right to justice the decisions of the commanders fighting the Red Army.
Their orders even the most controversial ones had any basis and were given for the welfare of the country and the army. Although most of them were fatal in effect, the circumstances under which they were issued will erase the blame from those who made the decisions.
“...and the descendants will be holy to us after September 1st, 17th.”
On June 22, 1941, Nazi troops attacked Russians.
“ As russian sources admit, the attack by the Germans amazed entirely the political and military leadership of the USSR, although preparations for specified action The Germans could not hide, and they were apparent to the command of the ZWZ in Warsaw, as well as in Lviv, as evidenced by the radio correspondence of Colonel Maciejński and Zych. On 14 June, TASS claimed that rumors of Germany's intention to break the pact and attack the USSR were deprived of all grounds."
Only on June 21 late evening, the People's Defence Commissioner march. Semion Timoshenko and Chief of General Staff Gen. Zukov directed an order to border military districts informing of the anticipation of a abrupt German attack on the USSR in the next 2 days. Many units were incapable to scope it, as at 4 a.m. the German troops opened artillery fire all over the line, and the aviation began bombing airports, including the Lviv airport in Skniłów. On the first day of the afternoon, the center of Lviv was bombed twice (at 13 and 3:30 p.m.). Bombs fell on the main post office and close it, damaged 3 tenements on Sykstuska Street, hit Mikolasch Passage, where many people died, in the cafe De la Paix, Holy Spirit Square, respective tenements at Brajerowska Street and the vodka mill (Baczewskiego?) in Zamarstynowo. However, the bombs did small harm to buildings, but caused large losses in people – reportedly up to 300 people. Rumor has it that water reservoirs in Karaczynów have been destroyed.
On the first day of the war, and especially in the second day, the population of Lviv witnessed the panic evacuation of the Red Army and the influx of russian population. It is said that trains prepared for the next 4th already "export" were utilized for evacuation, which was to take place at night from 22 to 23 June and include 70 000 people in Lviv and the surrounding area. The front of the retreat were NKVD and militia troops. They left their stations, police stations, guards left the prisons, closing their gates tightly. These prisoners were 4 in Lviv: at Kazimierzowska Street, the alleged Brygidki, the erstwhile military prison at Zamarstynowska Street, and the erstwhile police buildings at Łąckiego Street (Sapieha Street 1) and Jahowicza Street were converted into prisons. Before its escape, the NKVD, on the first day of the war, managed to evacuate 800 prisoners from 1 of the Lviv prisons; they were driven on ft to Moscow, where they arrived on 28 August. On the way, who could not go, he was pierced by bayonet, after which the convoy examined the pulse, whether he died, if not, he again pierced. They were evacuated from Moscow by rail. erstwhile they were brought to Pierwouralska in mid-November, only 248 people survived. Prisoner camps were besides evacuated.
On Tuesday, June 24, residents of Łyczakowska Street and chance passersby were witnesses of how early in the morning, and then again in the afternoon, were driven by this street to the east of Polish prisoners.
In front of the column were the russian cavalrymen driving people from the pavements to the gates of the houses, then the ft soldiers with guns ready to fire, and behind them a column of prisoners carrying trunks that any had abandoned, seemingly having no power to carry them. This sad march was closing ambulances with prisoners.
All prisoners' camps appear to have been evacuated. Only, at least in part, the prisoners of the camp under Przemyśl ran away. Workers working on the construction of the airport in Olsztynia were rushed on ft to Wołoczysk, killing weakened people along the way. In Voloczysk, 100 people were loaded into freight wagons and hauled to Starobielska, giving 150 g of bread and salt fish on the way, without water. From the quarries in Bolesław close Skole 600 prisoners were driven to the Valley on June 27. From there, by rail, 65 people in the carriage, drove 24 days, besides to Starobielska. All of them were released there on July 31.
On the same day, June 24, a shooting began in the center of Lviv. It turned out that it was an effort – premature – by Ukrainians to control Lviv. The russian military rapidly captured the situation by conducting searches and shooting at the scene of men encountered with arms in hand. As a consequence of this unsuccessful “stand-up” Ukrainian, whose goal was to take over the city and turn it into the hands of the Germans, the russian authorities ordered all windows to be closed, gates closed. There have been accidents where russian soldiers shot at open windows while being shot at from the attics. These, alternatively only single incidents, alternatively than larger Ukrainian actions, became the basis for the later-groomed legends of the “extreme armed uprising” of Ukraine in Lviv and the russian military battles against OUN militants. The first messages of this kind (e.g. that Bandera took refuge in the Greek Catholic Cathedral of St.Jur and, defending himself there bravely, saw the Germans arrive) appeared in the Warsaw "Information Bulletin" of 1941 (from 21 August and 2 October), then in postwar publications of both Ukrainians in the West and Soviets.
Only on 24 June was the text of Molotov's radio speech of 22 June and the decrees on the state of war and mobilization published in the Red Flag. The following day, military command declared martial law in Lviv and in the Lviv region, which was repeated in order No. 1 (and last) of the Warden of the garrison, the military commander of the city. This order introduced a ban on going to the streets from 22 to 5.
In the Brigidki, abandoned on the evening of June 23 by NKVD officers, prisoners began knocking on the door of the cell erstwhile no 1 opened them to carry out overflowing "parases" (cables). In the morning, worried, they matured through the cracks .between the boards of the “coirs” (blind) that there are no guards on the “picks” (roosters – defender towers). In 1 of the cells, they ripped the boards off the level and utilized them as a battering ram to break the door, in another – they poured the "parachut" onto the floor, they smashed it and broke the door with hoops. Then they opened up another targets. A crowd of prisoners gathered in the prison yard, but they could not breach the external gates. any only managed to find a way out and got out of prison – through a balanced outside gate and through the roof. During the night from Tuesday to Wednesday, 24 to 25 June, shortly after midnight, many priests, including Fr Bogdanowicz, were released from 1 of the goals. But he did not leave prison to aid others.
At around 4:00 a.m., however, the prison crew returned and from both sides opened fire from device guns on the assembled prisoners. any escapees have already died on the street. Those who did not scope the courtyard of the spheres returned to their goal, to fellow prisoners who were afraid to leave them before. The targets were closed, the prisoners were ordered to lay down on the floor, not to let themselves to rise, and then started to be hailed after three, 4 and shot at the braid of abandoned motor cars. Only criminals were released from prison. The prisoners who remained in prison were no longer given food. So it continued all the days until Saturday. On Saturday, silence fell in prison.
One of the surviving targets on the level saw NKVD officers driving away. someway they were able to open the hatch of the “food” – a gap in the door through which food was given to the cell – and any thin prisoner got through to the corridor. He opened the door of his cell and cell other where the remaining prisoners were inactive alive. They started to carefully go down. They got into the kitchen where there was inactive hot soup in the boilers. Then they freed another locked in 1 of the cells sitting there terrified, half-naked women. There was a stream of blood flowing down the hallway under any door. erstwhile the door opened, the eyes appeared stacked with bodies of murdered prisoners. Blood flowed from the prison gate down Bull's Street and flowed into the yard drain across the street, where there was an iron depot.
Of the respective 1000 prisoners held in Brigidki, only about a 100 men with 2 targets and a fistful of women survived – apart from those who escaped earlier. Among the second were Warsaw couriers ZWZ: arrested in the first half of 1940 by Helena Wiślińska “Ala” (Kinga), going to Lwów with “Marcyniuk”, “Hanka” Nehrebecka and Maria Masłowska “Mura” during crossing the border in 1941. The prisoners, leaving the prison building, set fire to the inside building where the prison office was located to destruct the files, not wanting them to get into the hands of the Germans. The younger Sklarczyk was besides the only survivor of the Weiss group from the Brigidki prison. “Hanka”, severely ill, took care of the surviving criminals with her.
One should mention the peculiar tragedy of prof. Roman Rencki, the leading Lviv internist. He was rescued from Brigidek, exhausted and sick – he was 74 years old – he was arrested after a fewer days by the Germans and shot on 4 July in the Wuletsky Hills along with another professors.
In the Zarastynian prison, they could not usage a short period erstwhile it was unguarded on Tuesday. On Thursday, June 26, prisoners began to be called out of their cells at noon. Only 1 remained in the cell where the courier was located. I waited around the cell – he recalls – incapable to think, to focus on prayer. Nothing but crazy fear and chaos. It's an hour, possibly two. I've heard the voices of quite a few people muffled from the distance, and I realized that this crowd of prisoners is waiting for cars, or possibly they're setting them up in groups, and they're driving to the train station. But suddenly, this sound of people interrupted the sound of the bikes, so they're on their way, they're most likely loading themselves, crowded under the tarp of the wagons, guarded by guards. And suddenly, the sound of the bikes burst into the scream. That scream chases the detonation, they shoot. God, they're shooting again. I hear that sound all night. Mixed sounds of motorcycles, screaming, shooting. Sometimes over that sound there is simply a cry of despair, fear, pain. It's dawn, it's quiet.
Throughout the prison, 5 women and 65 men remained alive. Among them was Ossowska's companion, Roman Fedas. On Saturday at noon, people from the city, already abandoned by the Red Army, arrived in prison and helped prisoners get out. The doctor who led Ossowska through the hallway of the prison, on the way, looked into the cells and rooms. The entrance to 1 was covered by Ossowska, due to the fact that it was full of massacred corpses, there were traces of blood clots on the floor, a faint smell.
In the 3rd prison in Łąckiego Street, only a fewer people survived, who pretended to have fallen among the dead. Thus 2 radiotelegraphists – "wires" – were expected to be saved – assigned to Okulicek spades on their way to Lviv. In this prison, they tormented the murdered prisoners, nailed them to walls, women cut off their breasts...
The inhabitants of Lviv, who have late been surviving in fear of fresh exports that have already affected the northern Kresy, have observed with any satisfaction the withdrawal of the Red Army and the panic of the Soviets, officials and their families.
Nothing good could have been expected from the Germans, but before they settled... Since Wednesday or Thursday – says A. Rzepicki – the temper of this extinguishing started the city rounding, it is more and more clear that in all prisons shots were heard that prisoners were shot in them [...]
On the night of Saturday Sunday, the last dwarves troops, circling trucks across the city, set fire to public buildings. The last retreating tiny groups of russian soldiers were seen on Sunday morning, then the city was strayed and yet on Monday 30 June in the morning entered Lviv almost without firing the Ukrainian battalion "Nachtigall", and in a fewer hours later, besides without a fight, German troops rushed in; they began to sail through the streets of the city to the east of infantry and cavalry.
Immediately after the Soviets left, A. Rzepicki writes, [...] the prison bench was moved and according to a terrible prediction only a body was found, full of corpses. For the following days, starting on Sunday, there were endless processes of the lions who sought their loved ones among the murdered, trying to identify them. frequently this was impossible, due to the fact that in the heat of the body rapidly decayed. A terrible breath, capable of hundreds of metres, little robust, could not even let the bodies to be approached by rows in prison yards.
This terrible hecatomb seemed to make the Nazis satisfied. Officers came in cars, photographed, filmed. All were allowed to be inspected, and they were tried to make them easier by arranging the bodies. And how was that taken? So far we have before our eyes – A. Rzepicki continues – a shocking memory: In the prison yard a long scope of blackened, swollen corpses – among them 1 – terrible as all others – in a half-seat position. Suddenly, what is it? Victim starts moving, gets up! It turned out to be massacred, but inactive alive Jew! For to carry out the murdered and put them in the courtyards were hired completed in the captures of a group of Lviv Jews who were so beaten that they were almost no different from the dead. To fulfil this cruelty, Ukrainian soldiers were utilized to drive the Jews, from the “Nachtigall” branch.
He recalls W. Ossowska: "On Monday Germans entered Lviv and fresh atrocities and panic began. The first, of course, were Jews. I was in the city, and I saw the Jews on the Hethmanic Walls on all fours being rushed to prisons to work there on the decaying bodies of the murdered. The Germans opened the cells and tried very hard to get all the residents to see what was happening there. And things were terrible. There were targets on the Brigids bricked up with people so stuffed that they died standing. The piles of bodies of the savagely murdered were in all prisons. The Jews had things to do. And the breath was that 1 could not breathe on the street, let alone wash specified a corpse and arrange it in the prison yard.”
Wanda Ossowska besides went to the Zamarstines and found the corpses of her companions of misery from the cell, from which only 1 survived.
On Monday, Colonel Sokolovski and his associate Jadwiga Tokarewska “Theresa” went to the military prison in Zamarstynów: The prison gates were wide open. The prison courtyard is full of people. In the defender home at the gate, I saw the power of boxes looking like a criminal evidence [...].
He found here, among others, his boy Andrzej's card, arrested in February 1940, with annotation that he had been exported (p. Andrzej Sokołowski died under Monte Cassino on 13 May 1944). And he continues to study to Colonel Sokolovski:
We entered the courtyard. We were greeted by a terrible stench of rotting bodies coming from the open ground level door. In this smell, breathtaking, Jews worked. They carried on their backs from the open door horrible, naked, massacred human bodies. Blood stained and dripping with juice, bitten most likely by rats, without eyes, without faces, inflated, were unrecognizable and had a frightening look. All they have left of human appearance is hair. There were bodies of men and women. The Jews carried out from 20 corpses and the Nazis interrupted further lifting. Teresa ran up to the open door and returned half-conscious even faster. I went. In a large area that looked like a carriage, there was a human corpse scattered under the ceiling. And there were about a 100 [...].
As A. Rzepicki writes; no close data on the number of murdered. It must have been large due to the fact that the prisons of Lviv were filled by the NKVD to the limit, even for tiny purposes they sat after respective twelve prisoners, and only a fistful of them got out of Brigidek during the first days of the war. The number of about 5,000 victims was most commonly repeated and could not be less.
According to German data, about 3,000 prisoners were murdered in the Zamarstynów prison, at £ąckiego Street – 4,000. Many prisoners were besides killed in Brigidki – most likely a akin number – but most of the bodies were burned in a fire started by escaped NKVDs. The building at Jachowicza Street was incapable to remove the decaying corpses; the targets were bricked and emptied only in winter. In August, the body of the prisoner was buried in common graves at Janowski Cemetery.
Rev. Banach recalled: The priest sprinkled the bodies of the murdered with holy water, and all erstwhile in a while he chanted the mourning song which was captured and among the weeping was the song--Good Jesus, and our Lord, give them eternal rest!
Among the bodies of the murdered prisoners were the participants of the trial of the Weiss and Kobylan brothers. However, they were not found, but they never returned to their families but for the young Sklarczyk. So they were likely able to be taken out of Lviv and murdered on the way or in 1 of the provincial prisons. Neither did the unincorporated Dr. Kultissan and Captain Rutkowski "Smrek" find themselves. The body of Antoni Konopacki's attorney, the successor of Kobylański, was only found buried at the Łychakowski Cemetery. Fortunately, however, a large part of the inactive unincorporated scouts and scouts, including Lt. Adamcio, Lt. Feja and Szczękzewcz, got out of prison at Kazimierzowska Street. He besides escaped the pogrom Leopold Ungeheuer, but had his kidneys reflected and died shortly after returning home. He brought a message about Dr. Chamik, whom he saw in prison last night before the mass murder; however, Dr. Chamik was missing – the corpse was not found.
Lviv prisons were not the only ones in which cruel prisoners were murdered. Orders in this respect have arrived everywhere – from Kiev, if not Moscow headquarters. All military garrisons were incapable to be alerted, but even in the close Demarcation Line of Oleśice close Lubaczów on 22 June morning, prisoners were burned alive in Sapieh Castle. The border defender did it. In Sambor, in the last days before German troops seized this city, which took place on June 29, any prisoners were besides murdered. In his memoirs 1 of the surviving prisoners there, Stefan Duda, wrote:
“The prisoners were dragged out of the cell without interruption, 5-10 were dragged into the basements, killed there, shot in the back of the head and laid the bodies in prism, and erstwhile all the cellars were loaded, then 50 and more were taken to the prison square and shot at them with device guns, and even hand grenades were thrown.”
At 1 of the targets, the prisoners then broke down the doors with a "kidble" and began beginning another targets, starting to fight the guards, armed with boards, "kids", found iron. The NKWD-zits retreated, tried to bring the military into action yet, but before the Germans approached they left the city. That's how any prisoners survived. Among the murdered were girl scouts who were raped, their breasts were besides cut off.
Even in a tiny town, in Szczerc, the prisoners were murdered, getting them out of prison. After the Germans entered, their search began. The Ukrainians reached out to the Germans in this matter, and they caught local Jews and ordered them to find prisoners or their corpses within the hour. Turns out the body was buried shallowly in the barn of the parish. There was blood flowing from there. The Germans forced the Jews to dig up their cavity with their hands, to pull out and wash the corpse, laying on sheets. The murdered had their noses cut off, their ears twisted backwards... All Poles and Ukrainians were buried solemnly in a common grave close the church. About 30 people died there.
In Drohobych – as A. Chciuk writes: "On June 22, 1941, the NKVD told the prisoners that they were being released, get on with “with the witches”. As a crowd of prisoners stood in the prison yard, device guns began firing from the watch towers.”
A friend of Chciuk's fell before the series reached her and lay under the dead all day. erstwhile she got out last night and came home, she was greeted by the words: "God, you're totally gray..."- This was happening in the drohobytsky “Brigidki”.
From Borisława is the account of 1 of the Jews there, who, after the German troops entered, were forced to remove the bodies from custody: "They led us to the NKVD. There were already 300 Jews, and from there from the cellars they ordered the bodies to be extracted and sorted. Lots of dead bodies. any of these dead people had to wash. Those bodies weren't buried. They were covered in dirt at 5, 10 cm. They were all fresh dead. They were people arrested a week or 10 days earlier. There was Kozłowski and his old man. Sister, she was, like, 16 years old, she had her nipples ripped out, like with a pair of pliers, her face burned. But he did not have 1 eye at all, and the another had puffed up, and his mouth besides had barbed wire sewn on, his hands were burned, and at the same time crushed, and in full there were respective twelve dead bodies."
In Stryj, the prison was evacuated on 2 July and the prisoners were transported by car to the railway station. But before, on the night of July 1 on July 2 they were shot in the cellars and in the yard of those who had greater sentences. In Stanisławów, at the time erstwhile the NKWD temporarily left the prison, the outside aid was organized by Captain Ignacy Lubczyński. Under the Courtyard, in Bystrzyca Nadwórniańska, mass graves were excavated in July 1941, the last of those buried there were killed by a hammer to the back of the head. In Złoczów, where the Germans entered July 1st, many prisoners were besides murdered by the NKVD on a castle converted to prison. Here, too, the Germans and Ukrainians forced the Jews to dig up bodies and then execution them. The ceremony of the murdered prisoners was held on July 6. In Brzeżany, as of June 26, prisoners were shot, taken out alone in the courtyard of the prison, jamming the sound of gunshots with a tractor motor. The corpse was exported to prepared and masked pits. After the German raid on the city, from the night of June 29 to the next day the corpses inactive being shot were thrown from the bridge into the Golden Lipa River. A full of over 300 prisoners were killed, the remainder – about 80 – was saved erstwhile the guards left the prison during the fresh bombing. Mass execution of prisoners occurred in Tarnopol. However, any prisoners, about a thousand, were evacuated on 30 June, on ft to Podwołoczysk. During the march, people fell out of fatigue and thirst, and the NKVDs forced them to proceed their journey. Those trying to escape were shot at the scene.
Further, Tarnopolskie prisoners were held by railway. The railroad besides evacuated prisoners from Czortkow, loading 135 people into uncleaned railway cars. The journey lasted 17 days. In 1 of the carriages where the recounter was driving, out of 135 people died on the road 34. Dead bodies were removed from the wagons all couple of days, so they drove with the surviving in the July heat. The same thing happened in Volyn. About 2,000 prisoners were murdered in Lutsk, 500 in Plains, 450 in Dubno.
In addition to those murdered in prisons, many people died at the hands of back in panic and shooting blindly and without reason russian soldiers – or possibly Ukrainian nationalists. In Lviv on the last day of the Red Army retreat, on 29 June, the couriers of Colonel Maciejński, Jan Lutze-Birk and Jerzy Mędrzecki died on the street. They were 21. After the Germans entered the walls of Lviv their hourglasses appeared [...]”
Aleksander Szumański – coverage:
‘Lviv's “Brigids” after the Soviets had escaped were open, in June 1941 I entered a lift. On the walls I saw a face of brains and blood”
White eagle without crown for Wisława Szymborska
And today? Poet Wisława Szymborska received a literary Nobel Prize and at the hands of the president of Poland Order of the White Eagle.
Wisława Szymborska made her debut in 1945 in the NKWD magazine edited by Jerzy Putramento, publishing her debut Stalinowo-Leninów poems there. Jerzy Putrament, a character mostly known, was inactive a pre-war NKVD agent in Poland. Szymborska is simply a recognized precursor of reinforced concrete communist poesy in Poland after 1945.
She worshiped the Bolshevik Revolution zealously, resulting in the execution of millions of innocent people, talking poetically about the crimes at the Winter Palace, in the writings of Jerzy Putramento published by the NKWD
Here are the poetic confessions of Wisława Szymborska worshiping the Bolshevik revolution in the NKVD magazine:
‘. erstwhile they stormed those marble stairs,
They circled the light of gold like in the lynchings,
The walls of the fire were fluttering,
Burning ceilings,
And there was an echo of footsteps in the halls.
The old planet has come to pay.
Where you hide from the cursed 1 who rose.
Working dense hammering hand
He's already climbing your temple with his sickle.
And you'll pay
To those nights the children are awake,
For those mothers with their premeditated life
For those fathers who stood up for the children
With the hammer, the sickle will scope them.
A fair hand...
...so fall in like a melting mirror,
The ride of moru, the ride of hunger, your ride
Every minute more like a sight
Cavalery of capital, down, down....’
‘... I do not know the speech of the people of Turkmenistan,
I just think the words October,
You're dead.
Like spring water
A man who desires love.
Than more animal
Than a pure conscience.”
‘Komsomol bright sun
The full planet is glowing
Greetings to Poland today
All the youth of the Country of Rad.”
Szymborska besides wrote poems aimed at Catholicism, 1 of them “Building a fresh rectory” tells how priests cynically intimidate people to draw money from them.
Astonishment expressed by the Nobel laureate the view in her works about the expected indifference of Poles towards the extermination of Jews, after all Polish citizens. "Anti-Semitism" of Poles and anti-polonism lively appears in Szymborska's poems, as in "Essays" by Jan Tomasz Gross, awarded in 1996 by Alexander Kwasniewski with the Knight's Cross of Merit of the Republic of Poland.
And like this:
“Let the boy have a Slavic name
'Cause this is where they number their hair on their head.
Because here they separate good from evil
According to names and eyelids.’
The work of Wisława Szymborska, a associate of the PZPR, a organization lecturer, is, after all, the artist's dedication to the service of criminal totalitarianism and her extraordinary zeal in this service. Wisława Szymborska's poems about the party, Lenina, Stalin, profiles, e.g. the fourth, communism, etc. is truly huge. A poet who wrote about 600 poems throughout her creative life should ask a question“Do you feel Polish, considering all Poles as anti-Semitic murderers, identifying in your work with russian murderers and filling “free moments” with resolutions “kill priests”, comparing the loveable Ciemnogród, “Polak must be a pig due to the fact that he was born a Pole”, or “Polaks .I have an ass”, with works by Juliusz Słowacki and Adam Mickiewicz?”
Szymborska tried to remove her poems from bookstores, forgetting the power of the Internet. In 1964, she was among the signatories of the false protest by the authorities condemning Radio Free Europe for the publicity of Letter 34, she is simply a signatory of the Resolution “53” supporting the execution of the priests in the Krakow Curia process.
On 14 March 1964, Antoni Słonimski filed a two-fold protest letter against censorship at the Prime Minister's Office, which was later referred to as Letter 34 due to the number of signatories:
After the inspiration which praised the totalitarianism of Bolshevik Szymborska reached out to the work of her first editor in 1945 encapsulated Jerzy Putramento:
Jerzy Putrament - “March 9th”
“Our pain will not be tearful,
Let him aid us work braver.
Let Warsaw grow faster
Let agrarian cooperatives multiply.
Let the remotest, the poorest villages
His Helpful Word Will Reach
Let the Stalinian reason shine
The darkness, the poorness of age.
Z His people, close ranks,
Breaking difficulties, defy the enemy!
Lead Bolesław Bierut
Our Poland Stalinska road”!
And then Wisława Szymborska himself:
“Under the banners of the revolution, strengthen the guard
Strengthen the defender at all gates
This is the organization of humanity's eyesight
This is the Party's strength and conscience
Nothing will go from His life into oblivion."
Joining the Party
‘Questions sound harsh
But that's the way it is.
Because you chose the life of a communist
And the future awaits
Your victories
If like stone in water
Your vigil will be
When Eyes alternatively of Seeing
They'll just watch
When boiling love
Cooling will turn favor
If the ft gets utilized to the smoothest ground
Party. Belonging to her
With her to work with her dream
With her in unfeared plans
With her in the care of the sleepless
You know, it's beautiful.
What Can Happen
During our youth
Two-pointed star’.
About Lenin
“. that he led the wounded in the fight
The fresh humanity of Adam."
About Stalin's death
“What day is the order that gives us
On the banners of the revolution, profile four?
Under the banner of the revolution strengthen the worth!’.
Dr. Lucyna Kulinska Association of Memory and Hope
"After more than 60 years of silence, most Poles undergo propaganda to whitewash executioners and blame victims. This happens despite the clear findings of prosecutors from the Commission of Crimes investigation against the Polish Nation, the cognition contained in contemporary events of papers and testimonies contained in thousands of surviving accounts.
Operation “reply” of Kresów was prepared by the CNS and UPA perfectly in military and organizational terms. It was conducted with discipline and skillful usage of the apparatus of repression of both occupiers.
First the Ukrainians helped the Soviets exterminate and send Polish intelligence and settlers, then in cooperation with Germany they helped to kill Polish professors Lvov, Krzemieniec, Stanisławów teachers and another border towns, and yet almost all possible local Polish leaders. erstwhile the demolition of the Polish elite came to an end, the OUN and then the UPA with the aid of Ukrainian peasants proceeded to the physical annihilation of the Polish population of Volyn and Lesser Poland's villages. These actions brought full success: Poles, who have lived on these lands for 600 years, were almost entirely murdered or expelled. Only larger cities with German or later russian garrisons gave a chance to survive.
In the papers of the Main Council of Care, which sought to include the care of refugees, we will find the opinion that as a consequence of the unexpected and cruel action of Ukrainian chauvinists in the village of Volynská, there was not a single Polish household left! The genocide anti-Polish action was preceded by the holocaust of border Jews, whose demolition was done with German inspiration, but with the hands of Ukrainian police and another Ukrainian auxiliary formations. In many villages, the killing of judaic residents was done by local OUN facilities. frequently there was no German on execution. The shovels were shared among themselves. any of them went to the local population, expanding the desire for property of Polish neighbours.
Encouraged by the ease with which the Jews got free of, Ukrainian nationalists proceeded to physically remove another nations from the Borders: Poles, Armenians, Czechs, Russians, Gypsies, as well as those Ukrainians who did not agree to their cruel rule. Let us not forget that both the victims and their torturers were Polish citizens, a state that inactive existed, although his government was in exile and, more importantly, a associate of the anti-Hitler coalition.
As of spring 1943, the exterminated agrarian population of Volynia protected itself in close towns and cities. In the summertime and autumn of 1943, Ukrainian panic reached different sizes: full villages burned, and Polish population, without sparing women, children and old people, was killed in a beastly way. There was a panic among Poles. Interventions by the German authorities, which were clearly conducive to Ukrainians, most frequently did not have any effect.
In this desperate situation, any Poles concentrated in selected villages, creating self-defense and resisting attacks. Not all of them brought salvation. any self-defence was defeated and the population was concentrated there murdered.
Running into cities faced another problem – hunger. The cities were overflowing, and attempts to return for leftover food frequently ended with the killing of daredevils. Moreover, Ukrainian organizations banned selling food to Poles by threatening to repress or even death. Nevertheless, there have been cases of assistance. Most frequently in relation to relatives or relatives. late in Poland voices are raised to honor these brave people. Unfortunately, besides much influence from the OUN-UPA gravestones in Ukraine causes specified an initiative to rise concerns for the stakeholders themselves and their families.
Germany utilized the tragic situation in which Poles found themselves. The site was "cleaned" from unwanted population, and desperate Poles were mass-exported to slave labour in Germany. The occupiers substituted evacuation trains, most frequently carbides, while issuing statements that they were not liable for the safety of those remaining. It was a proverbial "proposal that could not be rejected". In Germany, they were put into operation, starved and killed under bombings of Allied raids. Information on this subject was received from Germany to the Main Council of Care (RGO) in Krakow. any of the transports went to build a network of underground shelters in Lower Silesia. It is worth noting that orphans from Kresów passed to orphanages in central Poland, and even to private families in Krakow died even a fewer years later from the illness of the orphan, tuberculosis and another ailments, despite the efforts of fresh caregivers.
Apparently, the thematic papers are in the Archives of the City of Krakow. If it were not for the crime of genocide, these children would most likely be alive, like a large number of forced refugees who, brought by German transports from Volyn and then from east Małopolska to Krakow, ended their lives prematurely in shelters and were buried in Kraków cemeteries. Of course, they're besides banded victims.
In Lviv and Przemyśl, transition camps were organized for refugees, which were more like concentration camps than rescue camps.
Those who wanted to avoid being taken distant and had nowhere to return, tried to cross the limits of the General Government (GG) on their own, but were frequently turned around and fired on by Ukrainian police.
However, the increasing mass of refugees terrorized by the CNS and UPA at any point could no longer be stopped. On ft and carts they moved west, to Chełm, Lublin and Warsaw, scattering in central Poland and south, to Lviv and Przemyśl, and then to Western Małopolska. Most were in a disastrous position. There were many wounded and sick, half-naked and barefoot, orphans and parents looking for missing children.
Polish peasants in the Kresach most frequently kept their belongings to the last minute and left it only erstwhile it was besides late for any meaningful and organized evacuation. In most cases, they were incapable to save virtually nothing from the fire. Even erstwhile they saved anything, they had to give it up, otherwise they would not have survived specified a long way in an area occupied by organized gangs of attackers. That's why refugees were full losers. They could feel safer only in larger cities, especially in Lviv itself, to which most of them went. There was just a time to relax and cool off. They could number on the aid of the RGO and the residents, who, though many took them under their roof, were incapable to feed, heal, or dress them. Despite efforts, many disasters have not been prevented. Many Poles learned for the first time about the savagery of the perpetrators. The stereotype of Ukrainian nationalist – rizuna gained a fresh tone. It was only years of software propaganda and silence that led him to fade, allowing him to manipulate historical truth.
Since the beginning of 1944, the murders have moved to 3 east Małopolska provinces: Tarnopolski, Stanisławowski and Lviv. Despaired Poles looked in vain for any help. All defence was pointless, due to the fact that not only to the Ukrainians, but besides to the another 2 occupiers, this situation was convenient. Each of them sought to destruct the Polish population. So there were no good solutions. Self-defense was not strong adequate – the German occupier took care of it. Thus it was characterized by the author of 1 of the reports describing the situation in east Małopolska:
"The advantage of Ukrainians against the Polish component is so overwhelming that Poles cannot effectively defend themselves. Only where Poles are in the majority can the organisation of defence have prospects of success, but not always, due to the fact that in these cases the Ukrainians are in considerable strength, with adequate weapons, which the Poles deficiency [...] Ukrainians are well organized, they have all the Ukrainian police at their service. Therefore, the mentioned cases of effective defence (Jacowce, Koltów, Łuka, Kozaki, etc.) should be attributed to an individual initiative. Also, Polish retaliatory intentions cannot be taken seriously under these conditions. The results of specified an anti-Polish genocidal operation proved frightening. Tens, hundreds of thousands of Volyn residents, east Małopolska, as well as part of Polesia and Lublin, either died or found themselves homeless and destitute. The dream of “Ukraine clean as a glass of water” was fulfilled”...
The border community felt bitter for the authorities of the Polish Underground State to silence the ongoing genocide. This besides applies to the deficiency of consequence to hiding in the General Government of Ukrainians guilty of crimes.
Polish underground authorities have besides made another mistakes in this area.
The authoritative announcement by the Polish Underground State of cooperation with russian Russia was a judgement on the Małopolska self-defense. The Germans gave the Ukrainian nationalists a free hand in the extermination of Poles, not much, they began to supply them with weapons. Of course, Poles were bound in their actions by coalition agreements, while Ukrainians maneuvered unscrupulously between the 2 occupiers to accomplish their only goal: to destruct the end Poles. In the face of 3 enemies, the Polish population proved helpless. The fact that she had to occasionally be taken into the care of the occupiers to save herself is understandable.
It should be considered as utmost hypocrisy and dishonesty that it was ‘cooperation’. The request to search rescue from enemies only shows that the Ukrainians by beasts pierced all.
The preserved papers and relations with which the author came into contact clearly indicate the work of the Ukrainian side for the genocide. Disputes may concern only the proportions in which inspiration spread to individual nationalist Ukrainian organizations and Greek Catholic Church. There can be no excuse for perpetrators and the classification of the CNS and UPA bands as guerrilla or military troops. There was besides no “Polish-Ukrainian conflict”. No military or guerrilla formation can commit genocide. utilizing specified terms in relation to the CNS and UPA is immoral and unauthorised. It only means 1 thing: ignoring victims in the name of politics. But neither Poland nor Ukraine will benefit from the “heroization” of the flags. Fascism is always turning against its own citizens, and Ukrainian nationalism is 1 of the scariest and cruelest in human history. With this in mind, we should remember thousands (according to Viktor Poliszczuk 60 thousand) of Ukrainians who died by hand or at the order of the CNS-UPA.
Analyzing the preserved papers and relations, in no case can we agree with the claim that in the Kresy there has been "a detonation of mass self-control and hatred towards Poles".
However, specified a comfortable thesis, due to the fact that abolishing the OUN-UPA crime into “Ukrainian black”, presents many Ukrainian historians today.
Meanwhile, the OUN and UPA nationalists had at that time not only an absolute "government of souls", among Ukrainian youth, but applied physical and panic to all another Ukrainians. Those who refused to cooperate with them in the “cleaning” work of Ukraine from the “obcommunists”, or criticized the methods of this “cleaning”, became the enemy of the “Samostijna” and died, frequently martyred. The executioners were hatchery troops from the notorious “Bezpeky Service” UPA.
The question of the formal work of the business authorities (German and Soviet), which were obliged to guarantee safety in the occupied areas, must not be overlooked, but there is no uncertainty that the inspirers and performers of the mass murders described were Ukrainians from east Małopolska and Volyn.
The script that assumes the inevitability of the anti-Polish run contradicts almost all preserved accounts of Polish residents of Volyn and east Małopolska. In their light, the average Ukrainian did not harbor hatred for his neighbours-Poles. Poles did not hatred Ukrainians – they had nothing to do with it. They only fought, although inconsistently, members of communist and nationalist-terrorism organizations from the UWO and the CNS at the head, as threatening the integrity of the state and the safety of citizens. The cooperation of communists and nationalists with Polish enemies – Russians and Germans – was crucial here. The Polish State had all right to do so. The interaction with the remainder of the population was correct in most counties. Neighbors helped each other, invited each another to household celebrations, spiritual holidays, and frequently mixed marriages. Of course, there have been deviations from these behaviours, but the depth of hidden envy, resentment and desire to rematch revealed only the fall of Poland.
But even if it had not been for the catalyst in the form of a criminal agitation of the fanatical leaders of the CNS, UPA, and a large part of the Greek Catholic clergy, there would have been no tragedy of this size.
The genocidal action carried out by the CNS-UPA with the aid of a local peasantry, as a political action, was planned in cold blood and carried out with consequence and cruelty. The aim was that at the end of the war there should be no Poles in the Borderlands. Then you wouldn't gotta do any plebiscite, like after planet War I. The winner would take anything.
In his work, Wiktor Poliszczuk points out that if OUN Bandery wanted to usage the German-Russian conflict to build a Ukrainian state, then in 1944, erstwhile the failure of Germany was only a substance of time, and the hope of even a substitute for state autonomy collapsed, mass execution of the Polish population lost any political sense. Continuing this operation on the eve of the Red Army's invasion and continuing it under russian business revealed what the OUN-UPA gangs truly meant. The goal was to physically annihilate Poles. The implementation of this operation, undertaken from the lowest, plundering motives under the cover of lofty slogans of the pursuit of an independent state exhausts all the signs of an unrepeated crime, carried out on the basis of fascist ideology.
All Polish victims of Ukrainian nationalists from 1939 to 1947 cannot be counted today, which is highly convenient for those wishing to hide the truth.
We're not gonna make a mistake if we estimation it at 150 to 200 thousand. Many torturers, including SS-Galizien SS, lived and lived comfortably in the West. Sometimes the “papers” of murdered Poles served murderers, speaking Polish, to equip themselves with life, to extort benefits in Poland, Western Europe, USA, Canada. For most of them, just hated Polish citizenship became a pass to freedom and impunity”
According to findings, researchers straight liable for crimes committed in Poles were the following persons from the management of the CNS-UPA:
– Mikołaj Łebed ps. „Ruban” – the main author and creator of the genocidal thought before the war, a terrorist from the UWO and the CNS liable for the most serious attacks in interwar Poland;
– Roman Szuchewycz ps. “Taras Czuprynka” – the leader of UPA, who is at the same time on the Hitlerite pay, co-responsible for the execution of Lviv professors, author of the order seized by the National Army to accelerate the liquidation of the Polish population in connection with the approaching Red Army. Prior to the war, as did Łebed, liable for terrorist attacks, associate of the UWO and the CNS;
– Rostislav Wołoszyn ps. ‘Horbenka’ – Deputy Shuchewycz, Head of safety Service (SB) UPA, before the war associated with the terrorist UWO-OUN;
– Dymytr Hrycaj ps. “Perebinis” — Head of the UPA chief of staff, before the war associated with the terrorist UWO and the CNS;
– Vasyl Sidor ps. “Szelest” – 1 of the creators of UPA.
Direct organizers and manager of the Volyn genocide were:
– Roman Kłaczkiwszkyj ps. “Kłam Sawur”7^ – along with Wasyl
“Sidorem ps. “Szelest” merged the bands in Polesia, creating the first UPA branch to immediately execution the Polish population. In 1943, he became commander of the UPA-North district, covering the full Volyn;
– Leonid Stupnićkyj ps. “Honcharenko” – was the UPA-North chief of staff;
– Mikołaj Omelusik – head of the operational unit planning the extermination action.
– The commander of the first group of extermination districts: Sarny, Kostopol and Pinsk was Ivan Łytrzynczuk ps. “Dubowyj” – 1 of the cruelest murderers of Poles.
– The second group, leading the anti-Polish action in Łuck, Horochów, Włodzimierz, Kowel and part of Polesia, was led by Yuri Stelmaszczuk ps. “Rudyj”.
"This group besides did trips behind Bug, where there were besides murders on Polish people and arsons.
– In the third, confederate group, covering the districts of: Plaine, Zdołbunów, Dubno, Ostrog was commanded by the doctor Petro Olijnyk, ps. ‘Enej’. Prior to the war, a associate of the CNS terrorist group.
liable for the crimes of genocide, they are all now considered fathers of Ukraine and heroes. It is worshiped even by war criminals specified as Roman Shuchewycz and Roman Kłaczkiwszky. The architect of the crime, Stepan Bandera, is building pantheons.
The monument in Lviv was even obtained by the SS-Galizen Division, whose members murdered hundreds of residents of Huta Pieniacka, Podkania, Palikrov. It's most likely the only esseman monument in Europe.
It should be stressed that many Ukrainian hybrids of II of Poland did not participate in the murders and even under force did not want to execution their neighbours or relatives. They risked their lives to inform or hide Poles. Many authors of the account owe them their salvation.
Historians do not seem to announcement how crucial the impact on the course of later repatriation negotiations and Stalin's dictatorship had this genocide and expulsion of Poles. As can be said about “free choice”, since by mid-1944 the Polish population in the villages was forced to leave their native land. He refers differently to the question of leaving the man whose household decimated, and the Ukrainians burned the farm. He's giving up due to the fact that there's nothing to go back to! Besides, how do you live next door to your neighbors, old friends who turned out to be killers?
To this day, the victims had not received any compensation for their destroyed lives and property. However, not the Polish authorities, but the government of the country which the torturers officially admit as "hero of Ukraine", should recognise these harms.
Why do so fewer Poles know about this crime? After all, the immensity of sadistic cruelty, which has surpassed all the known past experiences, makes the end of the extermination of Poles equal to the cruelest examples of genocidal barbarism in the past of the world.
However, it is in vain to search cognition of this tragedy in textbooks and encyclopedias. It is hard to realize why Poles do not show simple solidarity with their victims. By condemning the drama of the Polish people of the end not only we cut off these experiences from the collective historical cognition of humanity, we not only give the oppressors approval to enter the monuments of glory, but we agree to repeat the successful script (.)".
And this was the voice of the poet of the tortured nation – Józef Szczepański “Ziutek”
Red plague
“We are waiting for you, the red plague,
To save us from black death,
You would have torn the land before us in quarters,
She was a salvation greeted with disgust.
We're waiting for you, you large crowd,
I'm the 1 who's stuck under your rule.
We're waiting for you to crush us with your shoe,
His flood and his slogan.
We wait for you, you eternal enemy,
Murderer of the bloody crowd of our brothers,
We're waiting for you not to pay,
But welcome to the household door with bread.
So that you can see the hateful savior,
What death do we want you in thanks,
And as we hold our hands together,
Help me with a sneaky bully.
Just so you know, our executioners' grandparents,
Sibir's prison dreary legend,
As your goodness will all curse here,
All Slavs, all your brothers.
Just so you know how much it hurts.
Us, the children of the Great, the Independent,
Holy, chain up thy cursed grace,
A reeking yoke of age slavery.
The leg of your army victorious red
At the ft of bright burning Warsaw
And the soul is filled with bloody pain.
A bunch of madmen are dying on the rubble.
A period has passed since the beginning of the moment,
You fool us sometimes with your whipping cannon,
Knowing how bad it's gonna be after,
Tell myself they've made a fool of us again.
We wait for you not for us soldiers,
For our wounded – we have thousands of them,
And the children are here and the nursing mothers,
And after the basements, the plague spreads.
We wait for you – you wait and wait,
You're afraid of us, and we know that,
You want all of us here to be quiet,
Our demolition at Warsaw is waiting.
You can't hurt us - you have the right to choose,
You can aid us, you can save us,
Or wait and die...
Death is not terrible, we can die.
But know that from our grave
New Poland – victorious – born
And in this land you will not walk,
Red ruler of the blasted force’.
Source:
http://www.rodaknet.com/rp_shumanski_87.htm Aleksander Szumański,
http://www.lwow.com.pl/Hungarian.html
Dr. Lucyna Kulinska, Memory and Hope Association, lectures,
Prof. Andrzej Nowak “The Heritage of 1920” “Our Journal” 13-15 VIII 2011,
Viktor Poliszczuk “The Bitter Truth”,
Wiktor Poliszczuk "Lucocide Napped".
03.10.2011
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