National vacation – May 3

First of all, it was fatal, giving the throne after Poniatowski's death in hereditary regulation to the Germans.
She did nothing for the peasants. She dismissed Polish, Lithuanian and Russian nobles from influences, but she allowed rich German and judaic bourgeoisie social promotion and political influence.
https://opolczykpl.wordpress.com/2013//05/03/3-maja-sveto-for-Catholic-German-and-Jewish/
https://opolczykpl.wordpress.com/2012/05/03/co-nam-dala-constitution-3-Maya/

KK criticised it primarily due to the fact that it was taxed – 20%. It was the specified greed and greed of the clergy that made this criticism. In total, the clergy had to take distant all their assets and allocate them to the state and military budgets.
Even then, the Republic was to be saved. However, it was expected to guarantee national equality for the Rusins and Lithuanians (the other was done), spiritual equality (the other was done) and maximum improvement in the legal and property situation of the peasantry – and nothing was done in this direction!

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The Church's hostile attitude towards the Constitution of 3 May and the improvement of the 4 Year Sejm

Memorial Committee of the Victims of Stalinism in Poland – collective work

The Roman-Catholic Church referred to reforms carried out by the Four-Year Sejm and adopted in 1791 by the Constitution of 3 May to rescue the First Republic of Poland. On all anniversary of her celebration, it is worth, and even necessary, in the name of honesty and truth, to repeat it. Therefore, in the past the thinking, caring for the further destiny of the country of the patriots frequently repeated – Your Polish doom in Rome (In Vatican, footnote L.S.). There are many reliable papers and papers confirming these facts, which are worth reminding, repeating, preserving in memory of subsequent generations. Unfortunately, the modern Church, besides in Poland, is silent about this. Józef Beck besides felt that the Vatican and its politics were mostly liable for Poland's defeat in 1939. And he said,

“The Vatican is among the most liable for the tragedy of my country. I realized besides late that our abroad policy served the interests of the Catholic Church.” – Joseph Beck

[Source: Władysław Pobóg-Malinowski, At the Romanian crossroads (rememory fragments), Warsaw 1990, Wyd. Warszawska Oficina Wydawnicza GRYF, p. 81]

Here is 1 of specified civil, reliable works based on facts about which the Church has been stubbornly silent for decades, and this silence to this day with effect.

CONSTITUTION 3 MAY AND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

“The national religion is and will be the Roman Catholic religion with all its rights; the transition from the prevailing religion to any religion is prohibited under the punishment of apostasy.(...)” (Constitution 3 May, Article 1)

Despite specified introduction, the position of the Catholic Church was very delicately put into the Constitution – it was unfavorable from the very beginning.
Author of the book “Pope to the Polish Cause(...)” Otton Beersdorf – writes:

“Surprised by the adoption of the Constitution on 3 May 1791, the Papal Nuncio, Saluzzo, immediately reported to Rome that the May Act was a coup d'état carried out with the approval of the crowd, and thus had the appearance of a revolution.”

Addressing the Pope, nuncio recommended refraining from formulating that could boast or approve the Constitution on May 3. He besides called Hugo Kołłataj, Stanisław Staszic and Scipion Piattoli (personal secretary of the king) “The likebins and evil spirits of the king.“ The Roman Curia and the Polish clergy feared that Poles would not halt on the Constitution, but go on – like the French Revolution – to destruct the privileges of the clergy, deprive them of all state functions, put their hand on his property, and the priests would transfer to state salaries. What already partially happened erstwhile in 1789 the Grand Sejm passed a bill allocating income from 1 of the richest European dioceses to the Polish military – the Diocese of Kraków. The possessors, on the another hand, guaranteed the Church the integrity of rights and possessions. The Vatican besides feared ideas of independency from Rome and the creation of the Polish National Church. Polish reformers began to protest the fact that bishops sitting in the legislature of the Republic of Poland are elected abroad. Pope Pius VI gave Russia a green light to war with Poland and its partition, directing 24.02.1792 the thank-you eyebrows to Catherine II, in which he called it heroin of the century and praised her conquests. Among them he mentioned the first demolition of Poland (and was done by L.S.)

Katarzyna II responded to the Constitution, supporting Polish opponents of reforms, magnates and church dignates, who gathered in St. Petersburg (!) on 27 April 1792, and announced a manifesto invalidating the Constitution on 3 May and calling on Russia to intervene in Poland. In order to conceal the fact that the game was established in St. Petersburg, the manifesto was dated 14 May and announced in Targowice, Ukraine. The notification of the existence of confederation was sent to European countries and the Pope, but the traitors were answered only by Pope Pius VI, blessing the marketer and her works.

The main activists of the game were: Franciszek Ksawery Branicki, Szczęsny Potocki and Seweryn Rzewuski and bishops: Józef Kossakowski, Ignacy Massalski, Wojciech Skarszewski and Michał Roman Sierakowski, who served as the chief chaplain of the Confederate.
Aleksander Świętochowski wrote: “Never and nowhere have there been so many prior bishops” – with respect to the hierarchs of the Polish Church, who are on the service of abroad manors at the end of the First Republic. This assessment is confirmed by the “tissues”, discovered in the insurgents gained during the insurrection at the Russian embassy. Swedish MP in Warsaw Johann Christopher Toll reported on 3 May 1794:

“It is widely said that there is simply quite a few data in the papers of the Russian embassy that can compromise many people in the current situation and give reason for fresh arrests.”

In the Russian embassy gained, a letter from Bishop Sierakowski, in which he complained to the Russian ambassador Osip Igelström, was found that although he was the first activist of the trade union, he was ignored in promotions.
Pope Pius VI blessed the bargainer and expressed his wish:
“For the creation of the confederation to be the beginning of the unwavering peace and happiness of the Republic” (oops!).

When on the night of 18 to 19 May Russian troops entered Poland, Poland could only argue 50,000 soldiers. Rome recognized the entry of Russian troops into Poland as good news, as the marketer guaranteed to keep the privileges of the clergy and even entrusted him with censorship of books. Therefore, Nuncio Saluzzo received the papal command to persuade the king to join the marketplace as shortly as possible.
Despite the double advantage of the many invaders, in the first skirmish which occurred under the Greens, the troops of Prince Joseph Poniatowski won. However, the Russians' numerical advantage and under-financing of the Polish army have brought the anticipated effect. The Russian army pushed towards Warsaw. The Swedish aid promised by Johan Christopher Toll did not come, but the situation was not so hopeless. ...

The king called 13 people, among them: primate Michał Poniatowski (brother of the king), marshal of the large Crown Michael Mnisch, marshal of the Ignacy Potocki Continuing Council, Hugo Kołłataj, as well as marshal of the large Sejm, Stanisław Małachowski and Kazimierz Nestor Sapiecha. The king read the collected letter from the emperor, who demanded (!) to break the armed opposition and join the market. Caryca besides wrote that pacta conventa is mandatory for the Polish king and “All their violations, and this is the Constitution on May 3, free the subjects from oaths to the monarch.” The King responded by saying that Catherine II might not recognise him as king in this situation if he did not join the marketer and nullify the Constitution. ...

The Primate, Michał Jerzy Poniatowski (brother of King Stanisław August Poniatowski, for example L.S) justified his position as follows:
–The Confederacy must be joined because, erstwhile there is no Constitution, the country must be saved.

It was most likely the Primate Poniatowski who decided on the death of the Constitution on 3 May, due to the fact that the king was under his overwhelming influence and besides voted for the marketer. The votes in favour of joining the marketplace place were 7, against 5.

Bishop Okęcki's letter of 2.09.1792, in which he called for prayers, was read in the Warsaw churches. “To bless the works of the Confederacy-General for the good of the homeland.” Bishop Okęcki – after the triumph of Targowice – became the censor of publishing houses.

On 9 May 1794, respective 1000 people gathered around Warsaw City Hall (figure 2) to whom the secretary of Hugo Kołłątaj Kazimierz Konopka spoke, calling for the hanging of traitors. There are suppositions that this was an action organized by Kolłataj himself, otherwise a priest and 1 of the most prominent minds of the day. Of the large group of arrested, 4 were selected, among them the bishop of the Inflantic Józef Kossakowskiwho, as Jan Kiliński recalls, fell for the arrest. He was then transported from the gunpowder Tower to the Town Hall. The prisoners had to pass through a spade armed with scythes, peaks, and crowd swords. “Biskup Kossakowski with his eyes down passed the ranks of the people.”

On the ground level of the town hall, a court was held in the company of an excited people who looked through the windows. The charge first said the defendants “Completely and completely for services of abroad Russian possible sold out”And any of them took salaries from the Russian court. The receipts signed by Bishop Kossakowski were found that he took twice the money from the Russian embassy. Another accusation was that he joined the Targowice confederation, the 3rd one, that he was a co-founder of the Grodno Seym – otherwise called the “sym of shame” – ratifying the demolition of Poland by Poland II. After the end of the parliament of disgrace in Grodno, the 2nd demolition of Poland was celebrated with a Mass at 9:00 p.m. and the solemn Te Deum was thanked to the Lord. Isn't worshiping an anniversary of the Constitution the summit of impudence from the Church today?
(Biskup op. L.S) Kossakowski took from the Russians 4,000 ducats in gold for capturing 60 MPs. He explained that the designation of the Second Partition was in line with the... Confederate oath that he would not quit “Neither a particle of Polish land”. (oops!). The 4th charge accused the defendants of illegally misappropriating various titles in the Republic of Poland. During the trial – a certain impunity – he admitted everything. erstwhile asked why he signed the demolition of Poland, he answered insolently: “That's why I signed to take the money.” erstwhile asked what he had in his defense, he said: “The individual of everyone The bishop of the feast is besides untouchable.”

Finally, a conviction was pronounced for all guilty to death by hanging. The judgement was announced to the people who responded with enthusiasm and applause. Kossakovsky was taken to the Bernardine church to remove his priestly ordination. erstwhile he was led to the gallows, the crowd would pull him, beat him, spit on him, rip off his clothes, but the bishop would not react. He screamed for it all the way around that others should hang next to him. He mentioned the Bishop of Płocki Szembek, Bishop of Poznań Okęcki and Primate of Poland Michał Poniatowski. any say he demanded that the king be hanged. The 1 led to the gallows had the chance watching another marketplace traitors hang. Sources say that under the gallows he was stripped to his underwear. Kitowicz says dirty – wasn't Kilinski's shoemaker making it up? The reaction of the crowd after the execution of the conviction was laughter, shots, applause, cheers “Vivat!” and “Let the revolution live!”
Stanislaw August wrote to Kościuszko, terrified, that in the streets of the capital 1 hears a song in which the words were said:

“We Krakowians carry a tumor at the waist, I will hang a king and a primate.”

Another day of action began at night from 27 to 28 June 1794, erstwhile the primate was placed in front of the palace. Its view – says 1 version – was to make the primate so frightened that he died. Another relates that the royal household in the situation decided to make it easier for a comparative to die worthy of death and gave him poison. The people of Warsaw summed it up in a poem:

“The prince of the Primate smelled the rope,
He preferred the powder alternatively than the ladder.”

And 1 more tombstone poem: the touching Primate sounded:

“The first in Poland held honors,
He'd teardrop down churches, pass over monasteries.
A fornicator, a wastelander, a traitor to his homeland,
To escape the gallows, he died of poison.

It is besides said that the king gave to the Tabaki brother from whom he died in a fewer days, or that Kościuszko came to him with evidence of betrayal and left him the poison he had taken. These evidences were letters taken over by insurgents sent by the Primate to the Prussian troops attacking Warsaw pointing out weak points in defence of the capital.
There was besides a rumor in Warsaw that the prince of primates had escaped, so in fear of riots, the corpse was exposed to public view. The face of the deceased was already very swollen, so it was covered with a green scarf, but could be lifted by any visitor. As Rymkiewicz writes: “It could have been done by any ku.rwa from behind the Iron Gate.”
In 1789, erstwhile the Grand Sejm allocated immense income from the Diocese of Kraków to subsidize the army, Fr Primate left the country in a demonstration. He returned after the Constitution passed – unnecessary.

In the morning of the same day in another place of Warsaw, under Brühl's palace, where the Vilnius Bishop Ignacy Massalski was imprisoned, there was a populace, whose number was estimated at respective 100 people to respective thousand. The guards in the face of a crowd of strongmen gave a predator and the people of the capital broke into prison. Massalski resisted so he was beaten with fists on his head and rushed. That he was not at hand with a rope, he was hanged without a court-martial on horse reins from standing close the car. He supported the organizers, Bishop Ostrowski, and Bishop of Youth, at the first partitioning session in 1773, giving a fiery speech after which he gained the name of “fourth partition potential”. Targowiczan fighting reforms and Constitution on May 3. The man of Russian Ambassador Sieviers, whom he assisted in the selection of MPs, and even urged them to terrorize during the partition “sey of disgrace” in Grodno, whom he was the organizer and where he gave the speech “with unlimited assurance in the generosity of the Empress.”

Massalski was a passionate card player and in the last 2 years of his life he lost about 100,000 ducats, equivalent to 350 kg of gold!
Another harcavian Chełm bishop Wojciech Skarszewski, who released Poles from the oath of the Constitution on 3 May and co-organizer of the “sey of disgrace” was convicted of treason by a final judgement of the court, but the gallows avoided due to the fact that Kościuszko blackmailed by the Church with a curse and begged by 2 lovers of the bishop (according to Gen. Zajączka) – replaced the traitor with a noose for life. Eventually, Kościuszko was persuaded by his friend Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, to whom the nuncio found his way. After taking Warsaw by the Russians, the traitor went free and returned to Chełm to be his bishops, even though he no longer had ordination, due to the fact that they were publically taken off before the planned execution. However, it did not bother the Pope to later give him the Archbishopship of Warsaw and the dignity of the Primate, having previously liquidated the apostolic nunciature in Poland in 1796. She wasn't needed anymore.

The ultimate Criminal Court has sentenced the Targovian traitors to the death punishment by hanging, eternal infamy, confiscation of assets and failure of all offices. In the absence of convicts, the conviction was executed in effigie (on the image) on 29 September 1794. (figure 1)

Polish Catholic bishops together with Vatican nuncios and Russian ambassadors led to the partition of Poland. And present they consider themselves impertinently defending Poland. They make certain that “their merits for Poland” are not made public and that they win little fortunately. They powerfully whitewash past by pushing people about their expected merits for the country and the salvific function for the endurance of Poland during partitions. In addition, in order to mask his real attitude towards the Constitution, the Church insolently established the feast of Mary Queen of Poland on 3 May.

The peculiar ridicule of past was that the strongest protests against the partitions of the Republic came not from the “careful” Holy See but from pagan Turkey. In the fight against her, we were nominated for the “premature of Christianity”. The Vatican passed over the demolition of the Polish daughter of the Church to the agenda. papal nuncio Garampi only told Stanisław August Poniatowski that “If he had acted against the cutting, he would have offended and angered the Viennese Court.”

After the fall of Poland, bishops took an oath of allegiance to the invaders and zealously served them. erstwhile the Duchy of Warsaw was created in 1807, there was no 1 to ask from the beaten Prussians to return the coronation insignia of the Polish kings. Yet the Church held the cathedral in Wawel and the priests were curators of the insignia. The Prussians did not melt them to gold until 1815. We Poles do not have the top holiness of all nation – the coronation insignia of our kings.

The large Sejm, wishing to aid swallow this very bitter pill for the Church, which was undoubtedly the Constitution for them, decided to fund the construction of the W Bishop Okęcki's letter of 2.09.1792, in which he called for prayers, was read in the Warsaw churches. “To bless the works of the Confederacy-General for the good of the homeland.” Bishop Okęcki – after the triumph of Targowice – became the censor of publishing houses.

The Church has poisoned the Constitution and now demands the implementation of the then resolution of the Sejm...

The Temple of Divine Providence. The Church has poisoned the Constitution and now demands the implementation of the then resolution of the Sejm...

Bishop Okęcki's letter of 2.09.1792, in which he called for prayers, was read in the Warsaw churches. “To bless the works of the Confederacy-General for the good of the homeland.” Bishop Okęcki – after the triumph of Targowice – became the censor of publishing houses.

On 9 May 1794, respective 1000 people gathered around Warsaw City Hall (figure 1) to whom the secretary of Hugo Kołłątaj Kazimierz Konopka spoke, calling for the hanging of traitors. There are suppositions that this was an action organized by Kolłataj himself, otherwise a priest and 1 of the most prominent minds of the day. Of the large group of arrested, 4 people were selected, among them the bishop of the Inflantic Józef Kossakowski, who, as Jan Kiliński recalls, fell asleep during the arrest. He was then transported from the gunpowder Tower to the Town Hall. The prisoners had to pass through a spade armed with scythes, peaks, and crowd swords. “Biskup Kossakowski with his eyes down passed the ranks of the people.”

On the ground level of the town hall, a court was held in the company of an excited people who looked through the windows. The charge first said the defendants “Completely and completely for services of abroad Russian possible sold out”And any of them took salaries from the Russian court. The receipts signed by Bishop Kossakowski were found that he took twice the money from the Russian embassy. Another accusation was that he joined the Targowice confederation, the 3rd one, that he was a co-founder of the Grodno Seym – otherwise called the “sym of shame” – ratifying the demolition of Poland by Poland II. After the end of the parliament of disgrace in Grodno, the 2nd demolition of Poland was celebrated with a Mass at 9:00 p.m. and the solemn Te Deum was thanked to the Lord. Isn't worshiping an anniversary of the Constitution the summit of impudence from the Church today?

Kossakowski took 4,000 ducats in gold from the Russians for capturing 60 MPs. He explained that the designation of the Second Partition was in line with the... Confederate oath that he would not quit “Neither a particle of Polish land”. (oops!). The 4th charge accused the defendants of illegally misappropriating various titles in the Republic of Poland. During the trial – a certain impunity – he admitted everything. erstwhile asked why he signed the demolition of Poland, he answered insolently: “That's why I signed to take the money.” erstwhile asked what he had in his defense, he said: “The individual of all bishop is holy and untouchable.”