Polish anniversaries around 12 May odor like blood and death. A series of anniversaries opens storms through the 2nd Polish Corps of Gen. Anders ruins of the monastery of Monte Cassino in 1944, the death of Gen. Anders in 1970, the May bombing march. Piłsudski of 1926, his death in 1935 and further suicide of Szmul Zygielbojm in 1943, but present we will address General Władysław Anders.Of course, you can ask questions about the meaning of the gene decision. Anders' usage of the 2nd Corps, erstwhile he already knew about the findings in Tehran, about the upcoming German loss, and besides Polish failure of independence. Was it essential to bleed a Polish soldier on the rocks of Mt. Cassino? After all, he himself was highly critical of the decision about the outbreak of the Warsaw Uprising, which he thought was a crime and unnecessary bloodshed of Polish blood... We won the battle, but we lost the war. Among the soldiers came the awareness of bitterness, the belief that Polish matters were hopeless (in accordance with the truth) did not aid the Warsaw Uprising. independency of the country for which planet War II began was sold to Stalin, whom these soldiers knew well. Introduction
Gen. Władysław Albert Anders (1892-1970), (the ancestral name of Tauchert's mothers), an evangelical until VI/1942, erstwhile he converted to Catholicism. From the Protestant German household of Inflant (in/g another sources, the household came from Dutch Jews). Veteran I c. S. (Russian Army), Polish-bolshevik War 1919-20 and II c., 8 times wounded, Chief of Staff of the Wielkopolska Uprising. May bombing march. Piłsudski, on the side of the government, was Chief of Staff of Defence of Warsaw. Champion of the European Cavalry Championships (1932 Nationals Cup in Nice). In September, ‘39 he commanded the fresh Garden Cavalry Brigade (e.g. conflict of Mława, where failing to comply with the orders of the cover 20 DP contributed to its demolition). He refused shields breaking into General T. Kutruba's branch capital. Wounded (Ukrainians), in russian captivity. He was taken from the Lviv infirmary to Moscow (Lubianka), after unsuccessfully urging him to join the Red Army, interrogations/tortures were based on the Sikorski-Majski contract, 08/04/41, released and designated as the organizer and commander of the forming Polish army in russian Russia. As a consequence of harassment and misunderstandings and at Churchill's request, Anders led (but contrary to the opinion of the Chief Leader General Sikorski) in 2 stages in 1942 115,000 soldiers and their families from Russia to Persia. At the beginning of 1944, the 2nd Polish Corps, well-trained, armed and armed with the British in the mediate East, was moved to the Italian front to the Monte Cassino mountainous area.
Italy – power arrangement on the Gustav Line
General Sir Harold Alexander, commander of the 5th Army (US) was General Mark Clark, d-ca 8th Army (British) was General Sir Oliver Leese, (2nd Corps of General Anders was part of that army).
The German front in Italy was commanded by the Field Marshal of the 3rd Reich Albert Kesselring, (Officer Luftwaffe, from the Bavarian Catholic family). Kesselring did not want the demolition of the celebrated Athens of the mediate Ages from the 529 monastery of St. Benedict to bet on it by the army. The German defensive line of Gustav ran from the Adriatic to the east, to the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west. St. Benedict's Abbey dominated the valley of the Rapido River from the east and the Liri River from the west, along which the main road north to Rome ran.
Failed assaults
The first attack on Gustav's fiercely defended and heavy reinforced line, began the 5th Army (US) 01/22/44 with a co-operating desanto on Anzio. The Abbey was stormed by the first Americans, alongside the French, but the attack brought defeat to the 30th Infantry Division (more than a 1000 killed). The next bloody assault of Mt. Cassino by 30 DP with 02/11/44, brought losses to 90% of the first condition and led to its resolution. It should be admitted that the Germans have made all effort not to give an associated pretext to bomb the medieval monastery, which was a jewel in the past of Catholic religion. However, the chief command, as well as the media in the US and W.B., exerted strong force calling for a fast break in German opposition even at the cost of demolishing the Abbey. Gen. Clark, at the request of d-ca 2 of the fresh Zealand Corps, Gen. Bernard Freyberg (or, in fact, D-ci to the Indian Division, Gen. Harry Dimoline), supported by Gen. H. Alexander, ordered the 02/15/44 bombing of the monastery.
The opponents of the bombing of the monastery were Generals Geoffrey Keyes and Charles Ryder. The erstwhile flew over the monastery respective times and assured that he had not seen any German soldiers there. German march. Kesselring learned of plans to bomb and drove valuable monuments and monks out of the monastery, and after raids which only better prepared the site for defense, he strengthened the ruins with the 1st Paradox Division (d-ca Gen. Richard Heidrich). General Fridolin von Senger und Etterlin (d-ca XIV Armoured Corps) was assigned to defend the episode of Mt. Cassino.
On February 15, 239 American bombers (half-flying fortress B 17) led by Major Bradford Evans and Major Frank Chappell in 3 hours of barbaric bombing turned this unique monument of the Christian planet into ruins. About 1,000 refugees died, who most likely felt safe in this holy place. Not a single German died.
In the U.S. and W.B., there was an indescribable joy in the media, celebrating the demolition of a strong German fortress that stopped the allied's march. Unfortunately, the best (not only propaganda) came out of this Germany efficiently filling the ruins of a monastery destroyed by the foolishness of allies and bleeding from them for respective months attacking Allied troops, including Poles. In this conflict for a minute after the mindless bombing of the monastery, the moral winners were Germany.
Another storm from 02/15/44 was carried out by divisions: British, Indian and fresh Zealand, which ended in failure and immense losses (about 4,000 dead).
2 Corps attacks Mt. Cassino
In view of the hard operational situation, allies assembled a joint offensive of the 5th Army and 8th Army to break the German opposition to open the way to Rome. D-ca 8th General Leese Army offered Gen. Anders to carry out an assault by the 2nd Corps on the most hard section of the monastery, giving Anders 10 minutes to make a decision. The 2nd Corps consisted of: 5th Infantry Division (d-ca Col. Nikodem Sulik, 3rd Karpacki firearm Division (d-ca Gen. Bronisław Duch) and 2nd Armerna Brigade (d-ca Gen. Bronisław Rakowski). On 11 May at 11 pm, artillery hell began, and after it already on 12 May, the 2nd Polish Corps started to attack. In the hellishly hard terrain and well-fired German artillery, at the price of dense losses the 2nd Corps recognized German fire positions, partially withdrawing from the captured rockyheads, under continuous fire tying German forces and thus making it easier for allies to win in their battles. The next decisive strike of May 16 and 17 led to exhausted troops to the limits of endurance to victory. The Germans could not hold their position (they were besides afraid of the lap), withdrew at night for 18 May. Patrol 12 of the Podolski Ulan Regiment at 10.20, 18/V/44 blocked the ruins of the Mt Abbey. Cassino's white red flag and Sergeant Czech played the tune of Hejnal Mariacki. Victory!
Own losses and business of Rome
Polish losses are 924 fallen soldiers and officers, 2,930 wounded and 345 missing. The Polish cemetery on Mt. Cassino 09/01/45 was built and solemnly dedicated to honours (of 1,072 dead and buried from wounds).
The Polish effort helped the French Expedition Corps (d-ca Gen. Alphonse Juin) to arrive in the neighbourhood with its Moroccan Highlanders. The triumph at Mt. Cassino, as part of an allied attack, helped open the way to Rome, into which the gene entered. Clark – 8th Army (in discontent with the gene, Alexandra, who recommended further pursuit and siege of German forces). erstwhile General Anders proposed that 2nd Corps troops should besides appear in the triumph parade in Rome, General Clark expressed that he did not foresee the participation of fire brigade units or Polish units.
Evaluation
Battles for Mt. Cassino (4 battles, since January 44) were among the heaviest in planet War II. any 80,000 allies and at least 55,000 enemy soldiers were killed or injured. The devastating attacks resembled the relentless cruel and bloody battles of planet War I.
The 2nd Corps continued to fight fiercely, scoring Piedimonte, Ancona, until they captured Bologna.
Churchill's plans to strike the Balkans before the Soviets: Belgrade, Vienna, Prague towards Polish, were changed by Roosevelt, who, at Stalin's request, wanted to open a second front in northern France. Therefore, the Italian run and the full Italian front became secondary and the 2nd Corps had no chance of reaching Poland. He only made it to emigrations in England...
The triumph at Mt. Cassino was not only military (the plan of the attack was not supported by the visiting 2nd Corps, Chief General of Arms Kazimierz Sosnkowski, predicting immense losses and failure), but above all political morality. It denied russian propaganda that Poles did not want to fight with Germans, encouraged soldiers of the 2nd Corps and Nation in Poland, allowing them to last further tragedies and occupations, providing a origin of patriotic spiritual strength. After the September defeat, we needed triumph over the choice German divisions, due to the fact that we can't just remember the misery and the defeat. This conflict helped keep the hygiene of our historical memory, was a conflict for honor, as well as a deposit for Independent Poland. It made the name of the Polish weapon in the planet celebrated and allowed to draw from the triumph the will to fight and believe in the future.
Of course, you can ask questions about the meaning of the gene decision. Anders' usage of the 2nd Corps, erstwhile he already knew about the findings in Tehran, about the upcoming German loss, and besides Polish failure of independence. Was it essential to bleed a Polish soldier on the rocks of Mt. Cassino? After all, he himself was highly critical of the decision about the outbreak of the Warsaw Uprising, which he thought was a crime and unnecessary bloodshed of Polish blood... He was accused (a widow of general, Prime Minister Mikołajczyk) of participating in the assassination of Gen. Sikorski (Gibraltar) due to the fact that he had previously been in constant conflict with Sikorski.
An unwise thought was the very thought of a frontal attack on the well armed by the nature of the hill, which was supported by the d-c of the fresh Zealand Corps Gen. Bernard Freyberg, with large influences in the chief of the allied staff. The opponent of this concept, which marked the demolition of the monastery, was the d-ca of the French Expedition Corps Gen. Alphonse Juin, who proposed a winging attack leading towards the back of Germany (after the conflict his arabian troops raped Italians and stole what fell...
American military genius Gen. Patton visited Gen. Anders and 2nd Polish Corps and in his memoirs he warmly recalled Poles:
“Polish troops present themselves best of all that I have always seen, including British and American. Laughing, he told me that if his corps got between the German army and the Russian army, he would be in problem that he would alternatively fight.”
We won the battle, but we lost the war. Among the soldiers came the awareness of bitterness, the belief that Polish matters were hopeless (according to the truth), did not aid the Warsaw Uprising. independency of the country for which planet War II began was sold to Stalin, whom these soldiers knew well. General Anders himself (a wife with 2 children was left in the country), opposed the outbreak of the Warsaw Uprising, due to the fact that specified a decision could not lead to triumph in the existing arrangement of forces. Over the years he had respective talks with Churchill (Kair, fall’ 42, 08/26/44 in 2 Corps in Italy and 02/21/45 in London). During the last conversation there was no more congratulations and admiration for valor and victims. On protests dedicated to Poland Stalin Churchill evaporated:
“We have adequate troops present and we don’t request your help. You can take your divisions. We will do without them.”
General Anders – after the war
After the fall of the Warsaw Uprising and departure into German captivity of the appointed Chief General Tadeusz Bor-Komorowski (also an excellent cavalryman), General Anders received a nomination for Mr. Chief Commander (since September 1946 General Inspector of the Armed Forces). Being 1 of the leaders of the Polonia, General Brona Wł. Anders chaired the Main Committee of the National Treasury and was a associate of the exclusive Council of Three.
On 26 September 1946, acting from russian broadcast, the Council of Ministers in Warsaw deprived General Władysław Anders of his weapon, a Polish citizenship. At the same time, Stalin's governors deprived the citizenship of 75 another generals and elder officers (including General Stanisław Maczek).
General Anders' will for us, let his credo be:
“Let us reject everything that divides us, and let us take everything that unites us.”
As in the past, Gen. Henryk Dąbrowski wanted to bring his soldiers "from Italian land to Poland", unfortunately allies had another plans, soldiers of the 2nd Corps were sentenced to wander around the world, and their enemy ruled their home. At the end of the war in the 2nd Corps were besides served by 3 brothers Gen. Anders: Tadeusz, Charles and Jerzy.
Some people accuse him of betraying the Polish interest by leaving Russia (closer to Stalin to free Poland), but in fact Anders saved Poles - Łagierniks from starving death, and breaking diplomatic relations in 1943 (discovery of Katyn genocide) only admits the right decisions of Anders. After all, Stalin treated Poles like cannon meat and announced to Anders the successive sending of all created Polish division immediately to the front.
After getting out of russian Russia, about 3 1000 Polish Jews deserted during their stay in the mediate East from the 2nd Corps (but about 900 remained in the Corps), who decided to fight for their own homeland, 1 of them being Corporal Mieczysław Polen (Menachem Begin, later Prime Minister of Israel). Unlike the British, Poles did not prosecute or punish judaic deserters, The pole reportedly even asked to be released from his military oath. In fact, General Anders favoured Polish Jews and even officially vacated them to spare them the British harassment. These 3,000 soldiers trained by Poles were the foundation of the armed forces of the born Israel...
Anders' first wife (Irena Maria Jordan-Krąkowska, divorced for Anders with a Prószyński landowner, had a son) and 2 increasing children (Anna and Jerzy) were moved, in front of the approaching russian troops, to Italy. Anna's daughter came with her husband Janek and Eve's granddaughter. They then went on to emigrate to Canada, where in 1983 the only boy of Anders (an economist, had a boy of Władysław) was shot by any madman. Anna's daughter visited her father in London (d. 2006), “My Father General Anders”.
Anders himself was the leader of independency emigration, participating in its glorious and little glorious interior clashes and ramblings (he was a trustee of the National Treasury, in a sharp conflict with president August Zaleski). The second wife (since 1948) 28 years younger phase star Irena Jarosewycz (Artist scientist Renata Bogdańska) was Ukrainian (her first husband was cabaret actor Gwidon Borucki (1912-2009)). Her father Nikolay Jarosewycz was a Greek Catholic pop, Tatiana's older sister was an active associate of the CNS (after the war in the US). There are opinions that it's due to her gene influence. Anders saved the 14th SS Grenadier Division (about 8,000) at Churchill's before returning to Russia and the inevitable demolition of what happened to crucial criticism, especially after the Ukrainian crimes in Poles were revealed (the Volyn massacre).
He left his life in legend on 12 May (on the anniversary of the May bombing – erstwhile he sided with the government, the death of J. Piłsudski and the Polish attack on Mt. Cassino and on the 50th birthday of his wife) 1970. In London, where he lived with his second wife Irene and daughter Anna Maria, a erstwhile Senator of the Republic and erstwhile president of the Council for the Protection of the Memory of the Walk and Martyrdom, and Secretary of State at the Chancellery of the Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers and a typical of the Prime Minister for global Dialogue. He presently serves as Polish Ambassador to Rome.
The chief returned to the place of the victorious battle, and there he rested among his soldiers. In May 2011, the ashes of his beloved wife Irena were buried next to him at the Polish War Cemetery.
In my library I besides have his memoirs published in 1949 from 1939-46: “Without the Last Chapter”, Newtown, 1949, “The defeats of Hitler in Russia 1941-1945” (London 1972) and “Sin Capitolo Final” (Barcelona 1948)
For the last time, the gene. Anders participated in the ceremonial celebrations of the battle's anniversary in 1969, he was already severely ill, he was taken to the site by Italian officers, who besides helped him scope the platform, from which he gave a fiery and prophetic speech promising about 20,000 veterans, their families and guests from Poland that any of them would live to live to Free Poland...
“Here the appeal played
Single trumpet
This land—this mountain—rock
As Polish as it soaked like a sponge,
So Polish was filled with courage
And legend and epic
And the final victory
And the last Polish hope...”
fragment “Werbel to say goodbye to General” Marian Hemar
In 1979, in the 35th year of the battle, Pope John Paul II arrived at the Polish cemetery and personally celebrated Mass towards more than 6,000 Poles from all over the planet and 30,000 Italians. The gathering was greeted by Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti.
He was a Polish Moses who led to the mediate East deserts (against the decisions of the London Government) from the home of russian captivity tired of sagas, emaciated and stripped of survivors, soldiers, children, orphans, women and old people. He saved lives, he was a savior of over 115,000. Poles from russian captivity and victorious leader in the lost war.
There was no Pole whose ruling country the communists hated more, after all, he was a symbol of valor, distrust towards Russians, independency and victory, knightly dignity and faithfulness to ideals, leader and legend that the communists could not cope with. That imagination of Anders on a white horse. He was a white-red tarp on a red bull.
He was respected and loved and like any large chief in history, Anders, the last hetman of the Republic, first won the conflict for soldier hearts so he could win the conflict for Mt. Cassino. erstwhile he was imprisoned in Lubianka, General Anders led the NKVD investigator out of balance, the Russian mocked him, but besides prophesied: “Don’t think they’ll always build a monument for you in Warsaw!”
THE DEATH OF GENERAL ANDDERS
Mother, 1 in the weeds and bars of Workcuta
She was a man's rag with no dignity,
Slave, convicted in a rabid Kazakhstan
Not to death, but to long, slow dying,
When the lice wrapped you up, and the hound ate you. ..
You who were about to die – but you did not die,
ś sigh tonight for what you're in this misery ś
He brought himself out, he let you live!
Orphan, shred the human, small creature,
Skeleton, covered with transparent skin,
Convicted of demolition in a Siberian flower.
Starving and cold without a shadow of hope
For survival... Say your prayers for what you did.
You, erstwhile you were half dead, got out of this poverty
And brought him back to life... present he needs
Your prayer to make the way easier. Heaven.
Soldier, lost in Asian winter,
In the lonely taigas of Komi, in the tundras of Kolym,
Enslaved, smitten, deluded...
Destroyed by scurvy, caries eaten...
Pray present for him who with his hands
He led you out of this inhuman land.
Humiliation and filth, shame and filth,
So you can stand up again in the service of your homeland!
A Pole in any page,
In or out of the country - if you're on fire
Love for what is called freedom
And the slogan a soldier carries on the banners:
God, Honor, and Homeland – think it's gone out today
Heart to the end with that soldier's slogan...
Take it and bend your head and sigh! Oh, Lord,
Give him freedom and rest...!
(Chicago, 13 May l970), KORAN FELIX (REF-REN)
Jacek K. Matysiak California, 2026/05/12
