Marcin Drewicz: The border of Ukraine by reason you will not understand, that is the replay from over a century ago, p.2.
Poland was (is) to "trumple" (sic!), so it needs to be weakened, even more territorially again. And this “present” was anticipated by the Russians themselves, even before the outbreak of the large War, due to the fact that in 1912 from the established 1 100 years earlier at the Vienna Peace Conference (1815) the territory of the Kingdom of Poland (the country of Priwislian Republic) carved Chełmszow, Zamość, confederate Podlasie and simultaneously incorporated these lands straight into the Russian Empire.
Look out! The mentioned lands today, in 2024, i.e. since 1945, are inactive part of the territory of the Polish statehood. We item this fact with the fresh media voices about “the surrender of east Poland”, about “the line of defence on the Vistula”, or about the motives for the location of this “Central Communication Port”, and about not developing the global Airport in Modlin, located on the east bank of the Vistula.
Only six years after St. Petersburg established this fresh “Western” Chełmsk Guberni (1912) The Germans remained in Brest only eagerly repeat this step (February 1918), without referring to Russian naming, and the lands to pass... Who? It was already completely dependent on the power of diplomacy and the German weaponry, but it was besides called the "independent" Ukrainian People's Republic (but not the beginning of Russian-Ukrainian-bolshevik to it, as it existed at the time).
URL led by Ukrainian Central Council (UCR) was 1 of the aftermath of the Russian February Revolution of 1917, erstwhile freedom for “the peoples of Russia” was stressed. Another consequence of this was, among another things, these celebrated Polish Corps in the East, having a erstwhile metric.
Austro-Hungary secretly announced in Brest that they would separate from Galicia a separate Ukrainian (and Ukrainian-speaking) crown country with Lviv and Przemyśl (sic!). This was shortly published, and the celebrated Polish reaction to these assassinations made to the eternal Polish crown countries should not be described here.
Then, with the signing on 9 February 1918 of this peaceful Treaty of the Brest Central States with Ukraine (URL-UCR), and shortly with Russia Bolshevik (3 March 1918), the pro-Austrian option yet collapsed in the Polish independency movement and, if ever, the pro-German option (although with any crucial exception). But... it was expected to be about Ukraine, not Poland.
Because this 1 from the beginning to the end of German by the Treaty of Brest is the first global act to recognise Ukrainian state distinctness. A lot to talk about, but it's not here. Interestingly, the Ukrainians themselves at the time did not have any categorical discord with Russia (of which briefly further) erstwhile they received so much freedom from Russia after the February revolution. So Germany could no longer bid, as assured by Ukraine's “independence”.
It can be concluded from the literature mentioned above that present (2013) the borders of the Ukrainian Republic (until 1991 the Ukrainian Socialist russian Republic under the russian Union) are mostly derived from the German initiative presented under the Mitteleuropa policy in the form of the aforementioned Brest Peace of early 1918.
At that time Poland (Chełmszczyzna) should have been weakened, but... who else? Of course, before all Russia! Spreading as it were “on the another side of Ukraine” (map!). How do we do that, among another things? So that as many "Ukrainian cultural lands" (video: W. Hrycak 2000) should be taken distant from Russia (now already Bolshevik) and add Ukraine (still not Russian-bolshevik, but "German", with the participation of Austro-Hungarian in the south). due to the fact that immense territorially, Euro-Asian Russia was already in the German Mitteleuropa strategy built at the time, so it did not belong to it, but Ukraine did.
And present (2024), what is it like? Yes, with the difference that it is not Germany, but stronger Americans (US) than them, besides there in the European East are grating any "new Mitteleuropa". For this reason, Germany is very sceptical present in relation to these ‘from far-off Donbass’ cases, due to the fact that ‘now it is not them’, so they are looking for a closer relation with whom? Russia! Map! Map! What does this mean for Poland? History! History!
The reflections on which Mitteleuropa is more dangerous present (2024) for Poland, whether the German 1 or the American 1 or the Russian 1 or the "somebody else" 1 does not take here anymore, and this is due to their vastness.
After all, even from this mythical Central Asian Afghanistan Americans (US) so late (2020) gave way. Did they have to? Did individual force them out? Not that we know of.
But the collection of “Ukrainian cultural lands” was a natural reaction of the time – we return to think of a 100 years – Ukrainians, otherwise weak, but political entities, regardless of their “ideo profile”, which was a condition of external strength, then Germans, if they remained eager to use... for themselves. The peace of Brzeski in 1918 was immediately called the “bread room”. Isn't it? And today? These various “international agroholdings” in Ukraine... past repeats itself, but never precisely the same.
Russian-speaking lands (sic!), specified as Donbas and Kharkovszw (map!) considered Ukrainian to be both the left Ukrainian Central Council (acted until April 1918) and the right-wing head of Pawło Skelepadski (acted until December 1918), as well as the left-wing directorate with Symon Petlura, which followed the Hethman of Skelepadski and even after brotherly victories over his troops (but the full Russian and Ukrainian revolution is nevertheless of an outstanding brotherly character).
Interestingly, concerning the Crimean Peninsula, the sentences inside Ukrainian politics were divided; it is hard to learn more about this from the cited textbooks. The Germans, for their part, since they “released” from the Russian-Moscow-Pyotrograd power of the East nations (including Poles), besides made moves to establish any autonomy for “Tatar Crimea”.
It was already so and, as we know, how powerfully militarized the Crimea (now: Tauryda, so besides the Tauridzian province) was not until 1954, after it was removed from the Russian Federation at the time – what is crucial – on the 3 hundredth anniversary of the alleged Polish historiography of the large Perejassan council, or simply "sojediniya of Ukraine from Rossija". To this recital, others are added, causing then decisions of Comrade Khrushchev.
Notice that this happened in an age – unlike present – erstwhile the violation of cohesion at the tallness of its communist power of the Russian-Soviet Empire by any whispers from the outside was unthinkable, and the construction of a uniform "Soviet nation" from nowhere met no opposition.
The widest range, but for a short time, for a fewer months, was obtained by the Ukrainian Dzerzhava under the reign of Hetman Skelepadski, so in 1918. Then it was to scope beyond the Pripeć River in Polesia, on the right bank of the estuary of Donu to the town of Taganrog (nearly the office of the Russian White Army Gen. Denikin), as well as to the south-western outskirts of the Vorone region and Kursk region, including the land called Starodub.
But, in those months, it was simply that the lands afraid were occupied by German troops in the north and east, and in the south by Austro-Hungarian troops; but not always by a fewer troops made up of Ukrainian patriots.
Cossacks and already pre-Caucasian Cubans besides almost became allies with Ukraine (map!). The neighbouring Oblast (Cossack) of the Donsky Army (map!) besides considered this option. Let us add that Romanians occupied non-Ukrainian Besarabia (today roughly: Republic of Moldova) reaching the border of their country on the Dniestr River.
However, the Germans did not trust the peoples of the East, so they did not rush to make the local armed forces, besides in Poland Polnische Wehrmacht (sic!). Interestingly, according to many, this error, Germany repeated a 4th of a century later, that is, during the Second planet War; however, only police Lithuanian, Latvian, Belarusian or Ukrainian formations or single regiments, and let the divisions (e.g. SS Galizien) not yet. As you know, the Wlasowa Army was formed besides late.
The comparative atoll of the stabilisation of the east Mitteleuropa contrasted with the revolutionary chaos of Russia is illustrated by the rhyme quoted by Józef Mackiewicz from 1918: "In Ukraine there is his Hetman, in Poles the King (Regency Council – M.D.) and in Moscow's people there is no Moszek or Srul".
And present (2024)...? But different. "Let the listener sing for himself" (this is besides a quote from another author).
We besides recommend: Ukrainian massacred an older female in Warsaw
