Armenian genocide (Warning: gruesome photos)
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What do you call the "mass deportation" of Armenians from the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) in 1915, which led to the death of 1.5 million people?
Most historians and Armenians around the planet call it genocide. The Turkish government and the United States are not among those who will officially accept the word "genocide", speaking of the decimation of the Armenian people in the early 20th century. (And on this list are besides US Presidents.)
Lack of respect for Armenian genocide is shocking erstwhile we consider the scale and brutality of the event that killed 75 percent of Armenians — a Christian group mostly.
Armenia pioneered Christianity. The country accepted this religion in 301 C.E. This was before the birth of the Holy Roman Empire. For centuries the Armenian people have built a healthy and prosperous country. However, in the 15th century the Ottoman Empire absorbed Armenia and Armenians. The non-Muslim Armenians were classified as "unbelievers", had to pay higher taxes and had less rights than Muslims.
The Ottoman Empire dominated the region for the 19th century and early 20th century. But in the late 1990s, Armenians began to get tired of their position as second-class citizens and continued to fight for greater rights. In 1894, this attack met the violent reaction of the Sultan, who released his private army against the Armenians. Later in 1894-96, it was reported that as many as 200,000 Armenians were killed by the troops of Sultan Abdul Hamid in the so-called. Hamid massacre. However, killing 200,000 Armenian Christians was nothing compared to the 1915 genocide.
What led to the close demolition of the Armenians? It appears that a combination of respective factors worked together, creating a chaotic form of Turkish nationalism that viewed Armenians as enemies of the state. Finally, the non-Muslims were officially considered "unbelievers" in the eyes of the Turks.
In 1908, a group of young Turks forced the Sultan to remove and took control of the government. At first they talked about bringing fresh freedoms to the Armenian people. Unfortunately, these freedoms have never been granted by the ruling "Young People". Instead, the Armenians were seen as a threat to the shrinking Ottoman Empire.
Issued with approval of Wallstein Verlag, Getyng.
Armin T. Wagner. © Wallstein Verlag, Getynga. All rights reserved.
From 1912 to 13 The Turks lost vast parts of their lands to Christian regions that had detached. Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia were successful in their attempts to leave the Ottoman Empire. It was a devastating failure of power to the Turks and a spark to even greater nationalism.
Muslim refugees from today's Christian faction countries flocked to Istanbul, talking about Christian force against their families. any of the more extremist members of the Young Turks formed the Committee of Unity and advancement (CUP). CUP focused on promoting Turkish nationalism, their cry was "Turkey for Turks."
The increasing Turkish nationalism was besides a fuel for greater hatred of the Armenian community, especially after the wars began in 1914. Turkey sided with Germany in this conflict. The Turks hoped the defeat of the Russians would aid rebuild the empire. In December 1914, Ottoman Turks tried to invade Russia but suffered a terrible defeat. More than 100,000 Russian soldiers crossed the border to Turkey, and reports say more than 5,000 Armenians helped the Russians, any even joined the Russian army.
It was most likely a movement that angered Turkish leaders who saw Armenians as a threat. Armenian military members were immediately disarmed and transferred to labour camps and subsequently executed.
Shortly thereafter, on April 24, a group of 250 Armenian intellectual leaders of the community were captured and sent to the camp where they were killed.
Turkey killed Armenian soldiers and cultural elites. All that remains is to order the remainder of the population to comply with the resettlement order, which was fundamentally a death sentence. Most Armenians were forced to march for sixty days and many did not last the journey.
Like the Nazis, many Armenians were besides transported by rail. And, like the Nazis, the Turks forced their victims to acquisition tickets for their own extermination.
The reports of the atrocities committed against the Armenians are as brutal and disgusting as all you have heard of during Hitler's attempts to exterminate Jews from Germany and the world. small children and older people were marched through the mountains and over and over, without food and water, virtually until death. Young Christian girls were desecrated by Turkish soldiers. There are reports that many of them committed suicide after rape. The Barbarian treatment of Armenian women went even further.
On page 96, we see the following image of Armenians crucified by the Turks.
Figure 6: Crucified Armenian women in the Der-es-Zor area.
In his entry on genocide (The Forgotten Genocide: Why It Matters Today) Raymond Ibrahim told the communicative of a female who claimed to have witnessed the brutal crucifixion of 16 young girls.
In his memories."Ravished Armenia" Aurora Mardiganian described the rape and being thrown into the harem (which agrees with Principles of muslim War). Unlike thousands of another Armenian girls who were rejected after desecration, she managed to escape. In the city of Malatia saw 16 Christian Girls Crucified: "Every girl was pinned alive to the cross, spikes pierced her feet and hands, only hair dispelled by the wind covered their bodies." specified scenes were portrayed in the 1919 documentaryYear Auction of SoulsSome of which is based on Mardigan's memories.
It can be assumed that Turkey and its leaders do not want to usage the word genocide, as it would most likely cost them crucial amounts of reparations and public embarrassment that they would gotta endure. What about America?
No American president officially called mass murders that began in 1915, "genocide". president Bush even went to the public call for legislature to reject the resolution on this matter.
In 2008, presidential candidate Barack Obama promised that as president he would admit it, saying, "The Armenian genocide is simply a widely documented fact."
Despite this very clear wording, president Obama was not fast adequate to keep his electoral promise. After the election, on Armenian Memorial Day, the president issued a statement. A word that clearly did not appear in the publication — genocide. This word was besides absent during each Armenian Memorial Day on 24 April since 2009.
- 2009 – Statement by president Obama
- 2010 – Statement by president Obama
- 2011 – Statement by president Obama of April 24.
- 2012 – The president issued another message on 24 April.
Instead of utilizing the word "genocide," White home statements all usage the word "Meds Yeghern". What does that mean? Meds Yeghern is an Armenian expression that in their language has the same meaning as genocide. But the Armenians want the planet to admit the atrocities they experienced at the hands of the Turks.
And although our presidents do not say the word or put it in statements, the Turks were actually forbidden to usage it. The word "genocide" is forbidden — that is, illegal. You can be closed for saying a word or utilizing it in a story. (Personal Blaze would most likely be arrested and would receive death threats already for this article.)
Why, then, would the president of the United States not call the very well documented forced removal of 1.5 million people from their homes — many of whom were forced to march more than 50 miles into the desert, where they were almost certain of death — genocide?
CBS on "60 Minutes" It published a material in which we speculated that we could not call it genocide and what it truly is: that it may be related to American military relations with Turkey and that this country is crucial for supplying supplies to our soldiers on the ground both in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The "60 Minutes" section besides features a terrifying movie recorded on the banks of the Eufrat River, where 450,000 victims were estimated to have died. In fact, the remains of Armenians are so many in this area that it is adequate to scratch the sand along the banks of the river and find fragments of human bones that have been lying there for 98 years.
Armenians are persistent. Ninety-eight years after the beginning of genocide in their country, they inactive hope that Turkey will admit what was done to the Armenians. They besides hope that America will keep the promises made by many presidents.
Meanwhile, Armenians contribute to the community throughout the United States. In fact, 1 of the largest Armenian communities in the country is Watertown, Massachusetts, a city that has become the center of media attention this week. Watertown is besides home to Armenian Library and Museum of America.
The Forgotten Genocide: Why It Matters Today
Over a million Armenians died from executions, famines, diseases, harsh conditions and physical violence. A nation that lived in east Turkey for almost 3,000 years [more than twice as long as the muslim invaders occupied the Turks occupied Anatolia, now known as "Turkey"], lost its homeland and was profoundly decimated in the first large-scale genocide of the 20th century. At the beginning of 1915, there were about 2 million Armenians in Turkey; there are presently less than 60,000 of them.... Despite the vast amount of evidence indicating the historical reality of the Armenian genocide, eyewitness accounts, authoritative archives, photographic evidence, diplomats' reports, and surviving testimony, the denial of Armenian genocide by successive regimes in Turkey has continued since 1915 until today.
Humans from the 1919 documentary "Action of Souls", which revealed events from the Armenian genocide, including crucified Christian girls.
Indeed, the evidence was overwhelming. U.S. legislature Resolution 359 of 1920 She listened to the testimony containing evidence of "mutilation, rape, torture and death which left their haunting memories in a 100 beautiful Armenian valleys, and the traveller in this region is seldom free from evidence of this most powerful crime of all time." In his memories."Ravished Armenia" Aurora Mardiganian described the rape and being thrown into the harem (which agrees with Principles of muslim War). Unlike thousands of another Armenian girls who were rejected after desecration, she managed to escape. In the city of Malatia saw 16 Christian Girls Crucified: "Every girl was pinned alive to the cross, spikes pierced her feet and hands, only hair dispelled by the wind covered their bodies." specified scenes were portrayed in the 1919 documentary Year Auction of SoulsSome of which is based on Mardigan's memories.
What do Americans know about Armenian genocide? Of course, any American advanced school textbooks admit that. But 1 of the main reasons for this — possibly fundamental — is completely unrecognized: religion. Genocide is always articulated by the aid of an exceptionally secular paradigm which considers only these factors to be important, understood from a modern, secular, western point of view, specified as identity policy, nationalism or territorial disputes. As you can imagine, this approach does small more than projecting Western perspectives on completely different civilizations of different eras, resulting in anachronization of history.
War, of course, is another origin that obscures the actual face of Armenian genocide. due to the fact that these atrocities occurred during planet War I, as the argument states, they are yet a reflection of this very — wars, in all her chaos and destruction, and nothing more. However, Winston Churchill, who described the massacres as "administrative holocaust", rightly noted that "There was a chance [World War I] to purify Turkish land from the Christian race." Even Adolf Hitler noted that "Turkey uses the war to completely destruct its interior enemies, or indigenous Christians, without thus being disrupted by abroad intervention."
The same is actual in the Muslim planet today, wherever the war breaks out: after the overthrow of Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein by the US, the Christian number in the country became the first mark systematic persecution, which caused more than half of indigenous Christians in Iraq to leave their homeland. Now that the war has reached Syria — and the United States is supporting jihadists and terrorists — Christians there They're out there.
They murdered the Armenians.
It cannot be denied that religion — and in this context the eternal spectrum of Muslim persecution of Christian minorities — was fundamental to Armenian genocide. Even the most frequently cited factor, the conflict of cultural identity, although justified, is to be understood in the light of the fact that historically religion — religion — influenced the identity of a individual more than language or heritage. all day this is seen throughout the muslim world, where Muslim governments and Muslim crowds persecute Christian minorities — minorities of the same ethnicity, language and culture that are indistinguishable from the majority, but of course being non-Muslim.
Similarly, it is frequently forgotten that non-Armians, specified as Assyrians and Greeks, were besides the intent of purification. The only thing that distinguished Armenians, Assyrians and Greeks from the Turks was that they were all Christians. How asks 1 of the professors of Armenian studies: "If [the Armenian genocide] was a conflict between Turks and Armenians, what explains the genocide committed by Turkey on Christian Assyrians at the same time?"
Today, erstwhile Turkey continues to recover its muslim heritageThe persecution of Christians has besides returned. If Turks They mocked of his crucified Armenians, saying things like "Now let your Christ come and aid you," this only last January 85-year-old Christian Armenian female was stabbed repeatedly to death in her apartment, and on her bare body a crucifix was carved. Another older Armenian female was struck in the head and after falling on the level repeatedly kicked by a masked man. By report "this attack is the 5th in the past 2 months aimed at older Armenians", 1 of whom lost an eye. In another places pastors of church parishes with only 20 people are the intent of killing And spit on the streets. A 12-year-old Christian boy was beaten by a teacher and harassed by students for carrying a crossaround the neck, and 3 Christians were "Satanized torture"before cutting his throat for giving the Bible.
Outside Turkey, what happens to Christians present from 1 end of the Muslim planet to another is simply a reflection of what happened to Armenian Christians from the past. We can learn the past by looking at the present. From Indonesia in the east to Morocco in the west, from Central Asia in the north to Sub-Saharan Africa — that is, throughout the muslim planet — Muslims have persecuted, killed, raped, enslaved, tortured and displaced Christians to varying degrees. See my fresh book "Crucified Again: Exposing Islam's fresh War on Christians" – to see comprehensive stories about 1 of the greatest—like the Armenian genocide, small known—the atrocities of our time.
Here is 1 crucial example that helps appreciate patterns and similarities: in northern Nigeria with most Muslim Muslims, led by muslim organization Boko Haram ("Western education is forbidden"), they lead bloody jihad against Christian minoritiesIn his group. These 2 groups — black Nigerian Muslims and black Nigerian Christians — are identical in all respects except, of course, being Muslims and Christians. And what is Boko Haram's goal in all this slaughter? Clearing Northern Nigeria of All Christians — a goal resembling the Ottoman policy of cleansing Turkey from all Christians, whether Armenians, Assyrians or Greeks.
How do we explain this akin pattern of persecution of Christians — the desire to purify them — in lands as different as Nigeria and Turkey, lands that do not divide either race or language or culture, and which divide only Islam? Meanwhile, the modern muslim planet responds to persecution of Christians identical to Turkey's consequence to Armenian genocide: denial.
Finally, to realize how the historical Armenian genocide reflects the modern situation of Christians under Islam, just read the following words written in 1918 by president Theodore Roosevelt — but to read "The Armenian" as "Christian", and "Turkish" as "Islamic":
Armenian [Christian] massacre was the top crime of war, and the deficiency of action against Turkey [Islamic world] is its acceptance... the deficiency of extremist dealing with Turkish [Islamic] horror means that any conversation about guaranteeing future peace in the planet is mischievous nonsense.
In another words, silence is always an ally of those who want to commit genocide.
Armenian genocide – Wiki...Armenian civilians, escorted by armed Ottoman soldiers, are led by Harput (known to the Armenians as Kharpert, coughMamuret-ul Aziz) to prison in close Mezireh (Osmanian: Mazraa, now Elâz), April 1915
Armenians an hr before they were murdered. Apparently, they were businessmen, and the Turks spread propaganda that they conspired against them and had guns hidden in their homes. It's their only excuse for the genocide they committed.
More photos here: http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=armenian+genocide+pictures&qpvt=armenian+genocide+pictures&FORM=IGRE
Z Mail Online:
When the Turkish gendarmes came for Mugrditch Nazarian, they did not give him time to dress, but they took him out of the home in the mediate of the night in pajamas.
It was 1915, and his wife, Varter, knew that she would not see her husband alive yet. Armenians like him were caught and taken. As their stalkers said, they were "deported"—but not to an earthly place.
Varter never knew her husband's fate. any claimed to have been shot, others claimed to have been among the men held in prison who suffered torture so unbearable that they poured kerosene on their heads from prison lamps and turned into human piles to free themselves from suffering.
While in advanced pregnancy, Varter was ordered to join the convoy of death marching women and children into concentration camps.
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| Genocide: Ottoman Turks murdered over 1.5 million Armenians between 1915 and 1917 |
She survived the journey alone – her six children died along the way. The 2 youngest were thrown to death from the mountainside by Turkish guards; the remaining 4 died of starvation at the bottom of the well, where they hid to flee.
Varter herself was kidnapped by a man who promised to save her – but alternatively raped her. She was yet released to mourn the lost family, the victims of the forgotten Holocaust in Europe.
The killing of 1.5 million Armenians by Ottoman Turks during planet War I remains 1 of the most bloody and controversial events of the 20th century and is called the first modern genocide.
A full of 25 concentration camps were formed as part of a systematic slaughter, aimed at exterminating the Armenian people – by Turks classified as "damage".
Winston Churchill described the massacre as "administrative holocaust" and noted, "This crime was planned and executed for political reasons. An chance appeared to clear Turkish land from the Christian race."
Photo reprinted with permission.
Armin T. Wagner. © Wallstein Verlag, Getynga. All rights reserved. http://www.wallstein-verlag.de/9783892448006.html
Terrifyingly, Adolf Hitler utilized this episode to justify the Nazi execution of six million Jews, saying in 1939, "Who is yet talking about the demolition of Armenians today?"
However, under the cover of war, Armenian genocide remains covered with mystery – not only due to the fact that modern Turkey refuses to admit the existence of its death fields.
Now there are fresh photographs of this horror. They come from the archives of the German Deutsche Bank, which operated in the region, financing the railway network erstwhile the killings began.
Found by award-winning war correspondent Robert Fisk, they were taken by bank staff to paper the panic taking place before them.
They depict young men stuffed in cattle trucks waiting to travel to their death. The Turks pushed 90 starving and terrified Armenians into each car, the same as the Nazis transported on average to death camps in east Europe during the judaic Holocaust.
Behind all grain image lies the human tragedy. mediocre women and children look beyond the camera, witnessing unimaginable brutality.
Often attractive young Armenian girls were sent to Turkish harems, where any lived in forced prostitution until the mid-1920s.
Many another archival photographs attest to the brutality experienced by the Armenians: children whose knee tendons were cut, a young female who died of starvation alongside 2 young children, and a Turkish authoritative who irritated the starving Armenian children with a loaf of bread.
Eyewitness accounts are even more clear. abroad diplomats stationed at the time in the Ottoman Empire talked about atrocities, but were incapable to react.
One of them described concentration camps, saying, "As at the gates of Dante's Hell, at the entrance to these cursed camps it should be written, 'Whoever enters, quit all hope."'
So, how precisely did events from 1915-17 take place? Just as Hitler wanted a planet dominated by the Nazis, which would be Judenrein – cleansed of Jews – so in 1914 the Ottoman Empire wanted to build a Muslim empire extending from Istanbul to Manchuria.
Armenia, an ancient Christian civilization spreading from the east edge of the Black Sea, stood in its way.
At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, 2 million Christian Armenians lived in the Ottoman Empire. Already 200,000 people were killed in a series of pogroms – most of them brutally between 1894 and 1896.
In November 1914, the Ottoman Empire entered planet War I against the Allied and launched a disastrous military run against Russian forces in the Caucasus. She blamed the Armenians for defeat, claiming they had collaborated with the Russians.
A prominent Turkish author of that time described the war as a "expected day" in which the Turks were to measurement "revenge, whose horrors have not yet been described in history".
In the last months of 1914, the Ottoman government established a number of units of the "Special Organization", armed gangs consisting of thousands of convicts specially released from prison for this purpose.
These units of murderers and thieves were to commit the top crimes of genocide. They were the first state bureaucracies to introduce mass murders to exterminate the race. 1 of the army commanders described them as "the butchers of the human species".
On the night of April 24, 1915 – the anniversary of this anniversary is celebrated by Armenians around the planet – the Ottoman government took decisive action, arresting 250 Armenian intellectuals. A further 2,000 people were arrested.
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| Turkey refuses to recognise the fields of death |
Some died of torture in custody, and many were executed in public places. The opposition poet Daniel Varoujan was found gutted, with his eyes out.
One of the university professors had to watch his colleagues have their nails and toenails pulled out before they were blinded. He yet lost his head and was released bare into the streets.
There were reports of crucifixions during which the Turks tormented their sacrifices, "Now let your Christ come and aid you!"
Johannes Lepsius, a German pastor who tried to defend Armenians, said, "Armed gangs saw robberies and looting Armenian villages in their main task. If men escape from their hands, they rape women."
So began a carefully planned run to exterminate the Armenians. Throughout this period, Ottoman leaders have cheated the world, organizing slaughter utilizing code words in authoritative telegrams.
In later war crimes trials, respective military officers testified that the word "deportation" meant "massacre" or "destruction".
Between May and August 1915, the Armenian population from the east provinces was massively deported and murdered.
U.S. Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, Henry Morgenthau, said, "The troops of 50 or 100 people were gathered, grouped in groups of 4 and marched into a secluded place.
"Suddenly the air filled with firearm shots. Those who were expected to bury the bodies almost always found them completely bare because, as usual, Turks stole all their clothes."
In cities urban calls were utilized to issue a deportation order, and the full male population was driven beyond the city limits and killed – "killed like sheep".
Women and children were then executed, deported to concentration camps or simply thrown into deserts and left to die hungry.
An eyewitness who came across a convoy of deportees reported that women begged him: "Save us! We'll be Muslims! We'll be Germans! We'll become whoever you want, just save us! They're going to cut our throats!"
Walking skeletons, begging for food, and women throwing their children into lakes alternatively of giving them to the Turks.
There was mass looting and plundering of Armenian goods. seemingly civilians burned bodies to find gold coins the Armenians swallowed for safety.
The conditions in concentration camps were terrible. Most of them were close the modern Iraqi and Syrian borders, in the desert between Jerablus and Deir ez-Zor – described as the "epicentre of death". Each camp was gathered to 70,000 Armenians, where dysentery and typhus prevailed.
There they were left to die of hunger or death of thirst in the burning sun, without shelter. In any cases, the surviving were forced to eat the dead. Not many survived.
Only in 4 days, from 10 to 14 June 1915, the gangs "eliminate" about 25,000 people only in the Kemah Erzincan area.
In September 1915, American consul at Kharput, Leslie A. Davis, reported the discovery of bodies of nearly 10,000 Armenians thrown into respective gorges close the beautiful Lake Goeljuk, calling them "the state of the slaughterhouse."
The stories of cruelty are all over the place. Historians say that the killing squads were smashing babies into stones in front of their mothers.
One of the boys mentioned his grandfather, a agrarian priest who was kneeling to pray for mercy before the Turks. The soldiers cut off his heads and played football with the old man's head cut off before his devastated family.
In the horrifying Ras-ul-Ain camp close Urfa, 2 German railway engineers reported that 3 to 4 100 women had arrived in 1 day, completely naked. 1 of the witnesses described how Sergeant Nuri, the camp overseer, boasted about kid rape.
The American, Mrs. Anna Harlowe Birge, traveling from Smyrny to Constantinople, wrote in November 1915: "At all station where we were staying, we rode side by side with 1 of those trains. They consisted of cattle carts, and the faces of tiny children looked from behind tiny windows with bars of each."
In her memoirs, "Ravished Armenia" Aurora Mardiganian described rape and casting into the harem. She came from a wealthy banking family, she was only 1 of thousands of Armenian girls who met a akin fate. Many of them were yet killed and abandoned.
In the city of Malatia, she saw 16 crucified girls, vultures eating their bodies. "Every girl was nailed alive to her cross, spikes pierced her feet and hands," wrote Mardigan. "Only their hair removed by the wind covered their bodies."
In another town, he recounts that the assassins' troops were playing "game of sword" with young Armenians, throwing weapons into the ground and throwing casualties on a protruding blade in play.
In another places, the bodies associated with each another drifted down Euphrates. And in the Black Sea region, Armenians were chased on boats and then thrown overboard.
In desert lands, Turks established primitive gas chambers, pushing Armenians into caves and choking them with bushes fires.
There was an Armenian corpse everywhere: in lakes and rivers, in empty reservoirs of desert and agrarian wells. Travelers reported that the scenery smelled like death.
One Turkish MP told a Norwegian caregiver serving in Erzincan that she accompanied a convoy of 3,000 people. any were abandoned in groups along the way; those who were besides sick or exhausted to march died where they fell. He concluded, "Everybody's gone, finished."
By 1917, Armenian "problem", as described by Ottoman leaders, was completely "solved". Muslim families were brought in to occupy empty villages.
Even after the war, Ottoman ministers showed no remorse. In 1920, they praised those who were liable for genocide, saying, "All this has been done to safe the future of our homeland, which we know is greater and holier than even our own lives."
The British government pressed for those liable for the killing to be punished, and in 1919 a court of war crimes was established.
The usage of the word "genocide" in the description of the Armenian massacre is powerfully contested by Turkey. This is even more politically inciting before accession.
Turkey's authoritative position remains that about 600,000 Armenians died as a consequence of the war. They deny any intention of a state to wipe out the Armenians, and killings stay taboo in a country where it is illegal to usage the word genocide to describe the events of these bloody years.
On the global stage, 21 countries considered these killings to be genocide as defined by the United Nations in 1948. Armenian activists believe that Turkey should be denied EU membership until it admits work for massacres.
As during the Nazi Holocaust, there were many stories about the individual actions of the large courage of both Armenians and Turks.
Haji Halil, a Muslim Turk, hid 8 members of his mother's Armenian household safely in his home, risking death.
In any parts of the Kurds group followed deportation convoys and rescued as many people as they could. Many mothers gave their children to Turkish and Kurdish families to save them from death.
The Governor-General Aleppo opposed Ottoman officials and tried to prevent deportations from his region but failed.
He later recalled, "I was like a man standing by the river without being able to save myself. But alternatively of water, the river flowed blood and thousands of innocent children, innocent old men, defenseless women and strong young people, all headed for destruction.
"The ones I could catch with my own hands, I saved. Others, I suppose, sailed down the river and never returned."
Archived material in Germany stirs in Turkey
by Muriel Mirak-Weissbach
Published: Tuesday, July 31, 2012
Cover of the Turkish version of Wolfgang Gust's study.
Berlin, Germany – "Especially as 2015 approaches, force will increase. Turkey, as before, will respond harshly. It will make threats, but they will stay ineffective.
"You know why? This is due to the fact that the Armenians have convinced much of the planet to accept their claims of genocide."
Who is this? Is this Armenian diaspora boasting advancement towards Turkish designation of the 1915 genocide? That might seem the most likely. But no, these are the words of a Turkish writer writing in the Hürriyet Journal. (1) The article entitled "We surrender to 'genocide'" was published in the April 28 issue of the newspaper. Although Hürriyet is widely regarded as rather nationalistic, commentator Mehmet Ali Birand is known as a Liberal. He's not bragging. On the contrary, he calls out that, with the upcoming centennial of genocide, Turkey may yet be forced to recognise its occurrence.
The origin for concern indicates in the imposition of a fresh book in Turkish, numbering 1,000 pages, which represents unquestionable evidence of genocide. The book, published on January 12, 2012 by Belge Publishing home – whose owner Ragip Zarakolu was late brought to justice under false charges – contains translations "to highly understandable and beautiful Turkish" papers from the archives of the German abroad Ministry of planet War I. Wolfgang Gust, "a celebrated German writer and writer", prepared it together; First published for the German time in 2005, Birand reports that it besides exists in another languages. It is titled Alman Belgeleri: Ermeni Soykirimi 1915-1916 (German documents: Armenian genocide 1915-1916). (2)
His assessment of the power of papers is simple. "Not going into detail," he writes, "if you read the book and look at the documents, if you are the individual who gets to know the subject precisely due to this book, there is no way not to believe in genocide and not justify Armenians. Even if you are an expert in this field," he adds, "or you have studied what has happened on the Turkish side, you will be confused again. You'll have quite a few questions."
Birand concludes his somewhat agitated study with a challenge addressed to the leaders of his country. "Now I want to ask all Turkish officials: Have they conducted specified investigation in the last 50 years? Have you studied global sources and – regardless of how biased or unilateral they may be – have you succeeded in publishing specified a book? What studies have you conducted – going beyond our own sources – to convince an global opinion? Were you limited or satisfied utilizing only Turkish archives due to the fact that you could not find reliable papers or evidence?" And his ending is brutal. "Let's not deceive each other: if you can answer these questions, you can explain any very key facts to us." But will they? Birand's view: "I know you'll be silent."
In October 2011, another book was published containing many akin documentation in Turkish, translated and with an extended introduction by Serdar Dincer. This book, titled Alman-Türk Silah Arkadasligi ve Ermeniler, was published by the publishing home Iletisim Yayinevi and was reviewed, among others, in AGOS, the Istanbul paper of the late Hrant Dink. Dincer, surviving in Berlin, drew his materials from the same archives and emphasized the function of German militarism in his analysis. In addition to affirmative reviews at AGOS and Radikal, respective Turkish journalists took up the subject without providing a direct source, most likely due to the fact that they opposed left-wing references in the introduction; others, trying to deny the existence of genocide, pointed to peculiar references to argue that the Armenians were "terrorists" and deserved deportation, etc. Prior to the publication of Dincer's book, another volumes allegedly related to German papers appeared, among which one, whose subject was the claim that "The Armenians lie."
Blame the Germans
Serious writers who effort to mitigate the influence of Gust's papers catch on to the German connection and distort it. Ümit Cardas, retired military judge, published an extended article on 20 May at Today's Zaman, the leading Turkish diary in which he attempted to twist the facts. (3) The article entitled "Cooperation of German militarism with the Committee on Unity and Progress" clearly identifies the book published by Wolfgang Gust and his wife Sigrid, and then argues that German militarism was yet liable for genocide.
Cardassia writes that Germany "saw the region as an area of interest as a German colony" and through a military alliance with Turkey "were active in the political affairs of CUP." He claims that "the non-Muslim groups surviving in the Ottoman Empire were an obstacle to Germany's economical and ideological aspirations in the East" and "so began the cooperation of German militarism with CUP for inhuman practices towards non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire." The author states that "German policy ... coincided with the CUP policy of unifying the country, namely turning it into a Turkish Muslim state. He quotes a passage from 1 of the papers that refers to Turks and Arabs who did not approve of the massacres and who blamed the Germans "as teachers of Turkey" during the war. Cardassia concludes with this statement: "The proposal confirmed by papers published by Gust is that German military officers as agents of German militarism supported the forced relocation and found military justifications for it... And the CUP leaders violently implemented the policies of Turkification and Islamization with the support and knowing of Germany."
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1) Polish lawyer Raphael Lemkin, erstwhile he coined the word genocide in 1944, indicated Turkish extermination of Armenians and Nazi extermination of Jews as key examples of what he meant by genocide.
2. The Armenian murders are genocide as defined by the 1948 United Nations Convention on the Prevention and punishment of Genocide Crimes.
3) In 1997, the global Association of Genocide Researchers, an organization bringing together leading global experts on genocide, unanimously adopted a formal resolution confirming Armenian genocide.
4) 126 leading Holocaust researchers, including Elie Wiesel and Yehuda Bauer, posted a message in the fresh York Times in June 2000, in which it declared "the indisputable fact of Armenian genocide" and called on western democracies to admit it.
5) The Holocaust and Genocide Institute (Jerosolima) and the Institute for Genocide investigation (New York) confirmed the historical fact of Armenian genocide.
6) Leading texts in the law of global genocide, specified as William A. Schabas's "Genocide in global Law" (Cambridge University Press, 2000), quote Armenian genocide as a prediction of the Holocaust and precedent for law concerning crimes against humanity.
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The Armenian Patriarchate sues Turkey for land
Most people believe that Armenian genocide was exclusively about Turks killing Armenians. However, the main motivation to kill 1.5 million Armenians surviving in Turkey were greed and redistribution of wealth. Ottoman rulers of Turkey wanted to take over an property owned by a wealthy Armenian minority. They did it.
During the deportation, eyewitness evidence repeats stories of Turkish officials demanding bribes in the form of gold coins, carpets, jewellery and the like.
Talaat Pasha (one of the architects of the Armenian genocide) had the nerve to ask American ambassador Henry Morgenthau for life insurance for his victims due to the fact that he argued that the Turkish government had become the beneficiary of these policies due to the fact that the victims had not left descendants.
Contrary to popular belief, not all killings were carried out by Chete (criminal gangs) and Turkish soldiers. Residents of all Anatolia were promised homes and assets of their Armenian neighbors. After they were taught to hatred Armenians for being givurs or gavoors, or "unbelievers" or "unbelievers", it was frighteningly easy to attack people into mad crowds welding with kitchen knives, capable of murdering neighbors.
The Turkish government allowed and encouraged mass looting that took place wherever the Armenians erstwhile lived. In many cases Turkey's leaders displaced the Kurds and Muslim peoples from the Balkans and another areas to depopulated Armenian communities (directly after their mass murders and deportations). The demolition of the Armenian Christian number by Ottoman Turks created a "immediate" Muslim mediate class.
Ottoman government archives containing land ownership acts are not available to descendants of Armenian Turks who have been killed or driven out of their lands. 1 of the obstacles to Turkey's designation of Armenian genocide is its fear of reparations.
Many Armenian churches that were not destroyed by the Turks were converted into mosques. any Armenian churches (including the sacred site of Aktamar) are profitable businesses employed by Turkey as part of its dynamic tourism industry.
Even Mount Ararat, the homeland of the ancestors and the pride of the Armenian people, now lies within the borders of Turkey. A fewer weeks ago, I saw a Turkish tourist advertisement where you can clearly see Mount Ararat and Ara Noah. Of course, there is no mention of Armenians who are considered descendants of Noah’s son, Japhet.
http://armeniangenocideblog.wordpress.com/2012/03/20/armenian-patriarchate-suits-turkey-for-land/
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Documentation on Armenian genocide in 1915, which Turkey denies until today. The documentation is based, among others, on reports of the Ministry of abroad Affairs in Berlin, American National Archives, Library of legislature and archives in France, Denmark, Sweden, Armenia, Russia and Turkey. These documents, hidden for a long time in order not to harm Turkey, leave no area for uncertainty about the reality of Armenian genocide.
Muslim demonstrators in Germany request the withdrawal of part of the "Arren genocide" from German textbooks
Nearly 2 million Armenian Christians were murdered by Muslims — it cannot be erased, it cannot be removed. The Armenian genocide was a systematic extermination by the Ottoman government of its Armenian number (and another absent minorities) from their historical homeland in present-day Turkey. another Christian groups, Assyrians, Greeks and another minorities, were besides the mark of extermination. According to God, Turkish Muslims should not request the removal of this communicative from books; They should apologize and fix the situation, beg forgiveness. Sick.
As for the Germans, I anticipate them, more than any another country, to be delicate to concealing or erasing genocide from their past textbooks. Right?
"Turkish demonstrators in Germany request withdrawal of part of Armenian genocide from German textbooks" Tert.am, June 24, 2014 (thanks to Armaros)
The Turks gathered in Germany Düsseldorf, demanding the withdrawal of the phrase "In 1915 the Turks committed genocide in the Armenians" from the past textbooks. According to Time Turk, about 8,000 signatures were collected in support of him.
They organized a rally in Düsseldorf, trying to draw attention to collected signatures.
One of the participants of the rally, Ali Soilenmezoglu, stated that they would request both parties to examine the subject and to reply, otherwise they would proceed the raves.
Example 5: Turkey
Christians live the lives of second class citizens
The founder of the Turkish Republic, Atatürk, would himself be called “the infidel” and the enemy of the Turkish people in present-day Turkey. To him Islam was nothing more than “the absurd theology of immoral Bedouin”. Strange, however, that these words are inactive not understood as an insult of the Prophet either by the Turks or by Muslims from another countries.
Of the 250,000 Christian Armenians who erstwhile lived in Istanbul, only 2000 remained. Of the more than 2 million Christian Armenians (in the Ottoman period) there are inactive only 80,000 in the country. The execution of over 1.5 million Christian Armenians by the Young Turks is considered by historians to be the first genocide of the 20th century.
Claude Mutafian of the University of Paris described the past of Turkey's negation of Armenian genocide. Kemal Atatürk, founder of modern Turkey, denied the existence of Armenians to justify the claims of Turkish peoples from Central Asia to Turkey. It was not until 1965, with the approval of the russian Union, that the Armenians “wake up” to condemn their NATO partner Turkey. Turkey argued that there had been “an uprising of Armenians” and that the war events were tragic. Raymond Kevorkian, besides from the University of Paris, described the radicalization of the Young Turks after the Balkan Wars and the fall of the Ottoman Empire. "The process of social Darwinism has begun. For the Turks, the regulation for Armenians, the largest non-Turkish cultural group alongside Greeks, Jews and Syrian Arabs, was: you or me.” Kevorkian tells how Armenians were robbed, deported and yet murdered. Young Turks sought “demographical homogenisation”. In March 1915, “special troops” were sent to “disband” Armenians. They were concentrated in 30 “slaughterhouses”. close Euphrates, they were driven by narrow gorges. Women and children were “chosenly” murdered and men were murdered. Orders were issued on a field phone. The murderers claimed that they had "ministered their country" and "eliminated abroad elements." Despite their reluctance to Islam, the Young Turks instrumentalized religion for "ethnic nationalism".
The simultaneous genocide of over 500,000 Aramaic Christians is forgotten. The sufferings of Aramaic Christians stay mostly unknown; mass murders by Ottoman Turks for over 500,000 of them during planet War I has not yet been officially condemned by any state.
Simon, an Aramaic now surviving in Switzerland, sees no future for Aramaic Christians in Turkey: “There are only 2 to 3 1000 Aramaic Christians surviving in Turkey due to attacks and discrimination. Hundreds of thousands, like me, emigrated or fled abroad. In a fewer decades, most likely only the textbooks of past will attest to the erstwhile flourishing life of Aramaic Christians in Turkey. Without broad public support abroad, Aramaic Christians in Turkey cannot survive.” Today, the learning of muslim religion in primary schools is compulsory for the fewer remaining Aramaic Christians in Turkey. Christians working for the government or serving in the military face considerable inconveniences.
http://michael-mannheimer.info/2010/01/06/weltweite-christenverfolgung-durch-den-islam/ The photograph combines the Germans with the 1915 Armenian genocide
Photography – never published before – was seemingly taken in the summertime of 1915. Human skulls are scattered all over the earth. All that remains of a fistful of Armenians murdered by Ottoman Turks during planet War I
. Behind the skulls, posing for the camera, there are 3 Turkish officers in high, soft hats and a man on the right, dressed in Kurdish outfits. But the another 2 men were Germany, both wearing military hats, belts and tunics Kaiserreichsheer, or the Imperial German Army. This is simply a snapshot of cruelty – just like those pictures that the Nazis took of their soldiers posing before judaic Holocaust victims a 4th of a century later.
Did Germany participate in the mass execution of Christian Armenians in 1915? This is not the first specified photograph; however, so far Germany has been mostly acquitted of crimes against humanity during the first Holocaust of the 20th century. German diplomats in Turkish provinces during planet War I noted forced deportations and mass killings of 1 and a half million Armenian civilians with the horror and condemnation of Ottoman Turks, calling Turkish militia assassins "". German parliamentarians condemned the slaughter in Reichstag.
Indeed, a German military doctor, Armin Wegner, risked his life to take shocking pictures of dying and dead Armenians during the genocide. In 1933, Wegner begged Hitler on behalf of German Jews, asking what would happen to Germany if he continued persecution. He was arrested and tortured by the Gestapo and is present honored at the judaic Holocaust monument in Yad Vashem, Israel; any of his ashes were buried at the Armenian Genocide Museum in the capital, Yerevan.
It was the same Armenian institution and its energetic director, Hayk Demoyan, that discovered this latest photo. They were found along with another pictures of the Turks standing next to the skulls, and photographs joined the evidence of a long-lost survivor. They all seem to be taken over in a place identified as "Jerznka" – the town of Erzinjan, whose many residents were murdered on the road to Erzerum. Erzinjan was briefly captured by Russian general Nikolay Judenicz of Turkish 3. The Army in June 1916, and the Armenians fighting on the Russian side could gather many photographic and documentary evidence of genocide measured the erstwhile year. Russian newspapers – besides archived in the museum in Yerevan – published drastic pictures of the fields of death. Then the Russians were forced to retreat.
Wegner took many pictures at the end of the deportation way in present-day northern Syria, where tens of thousands of Armenians died of cholera and dysentery in primitive concentration camps. However, the museum in Yerevan late discovered further photos taken in Cancer and Ras al-Ajnie, seemingly secretly by Armenian survivors. 1 photograph – signed in Armenian: "Caravan of Armenian refugees in Ras al-Ayn" – presents tents and refugees. The photograph appears to be taken from a balcony overlooking the camp.
Other, with the German inscription "Ormiaan camp in Cancer", could be made by 1 of Wegner's military colleagues, depicting many men and women among grey tents. Unfortunately, almost all Armenians who survived the march of death in 1915 to Ras al-Ayn and Rakki were executed a year later erstwhile Turkish-Osman genocide caught up with them.
Some German consuls spoke out against Turkey. Armenian-American historian Peter Balakian described how the German Protestant petition to Berlin protested that "from the end of May was ordered to deport the full Armenian population from all of the Anatolian vilaytes [Guberni] and Kilicia on the arabian steppes south of the Baghdad-Berlin railway line". Since Deutsche Bank financed the railway, its officials were shocked to see the Armenian-packed deported men and transported to execution sites. In addition, prof. Balakian and another historians followed how any German witnesses of the Armenian Holocaust played a function in the Nazi regime.
For example, Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath was assigned to 4. The Turkish Army in 1915 with orders to monitor "operation" against Armenians; later became Hitler's abroad Minister and "Protector of Bohemia and Moravia" during the panic of Reinhard Heydrich in Czechoslovakia. Friedrich Werner von der Schulenburg was a consul at Erzerum from 1915 to 1916 and later Hitler's ambassador to Moscow.
Rudolf Hoess was captain of the German Army in Turkey in 1916; in 1940-43 he was commandant of the Auschwitz extermination camp and then deputy inspector of concentration camps in the SS staff. He was convicted and hanged by Poles in Auschwitz in 1947.
But we may never know the identity of 2 officers standing so indifferently next to Erzinjan's skulls.
The Kurds confessed and apologized for their function in the Armenian genocide. They led genocide at the order of the Turks, they were promised their own country, which did not happen, alternatively they were next on the line of Turkish fire! It would be good if Turkey besides considered and apologized for its role.
And then there are Germany and Rothchild Deutsche Bank, which always seems to be erstwhile you can make money, despite the cost of human lives. They helped Hitler, so why not the Turks, since for them there's nothing beyond the border.
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Editorial caricatures for Armenian genocide
Information sheet: Armenian genocide
Research at the University of Michigan-Dearborn
Dearborn, MI 48128
The Armenian genocide was carried out by the government
"Young-Turkish" Ottoman Empire from 1915 to 1916 (with troops until 1922–23). 1 and a half million Armenians died, including 2 and a half million Armenians in the Ottoman Empire.
Most Armenians in America are children or grandchildren of survivors, although there are inactive many survivors among us.
The Armenians around the planet commemorate this large tragedy on April 24, due to the fact that 300 Armenian leaders, writers, thinkers and professionals in Constantinople (today Istanbul) were detained, deported and killed on that day in 1915. On the same day in Constantinople, 5,000 of the poorest Armenians were murdered in the streets and in their homes.
The Armenian genocide was planned by Central Committee of the Turkish Young organization [Committee of Unity and advancement (CUP)] – in Turkish – [Ittihad ve Terakki Cemiyet], which was dominated by Mehmed Talât [Pasha], Ismail Enver [Pasha] and Ahmed Djemal [Pasha]. They were a racist group whose ideology was expressed by Zia Gökalp, Dr. Mehmed Nazim and Dr. Behaeddin Shakir.
The Armenian genocide was led by a peculiar organization (Teshkilati Mahsus) set up by the Unity and advancement Committee which created peculiar "batalions of butchers", composed of violent criminals released from prison.
Some fair Ottoman officials, specified as Celal, politician of Aleppo; Mazhar, politician of Ankara; and Reshid, politician of Kastamonu, were recalled for failing to respect the extermination campaign. All the average Turks who protected the Armenians were killed.
The Armenian genocide took place systematically, which proves that it wasled by the Youth Government.
First the Armenians in the army were disarmed, assigned to the working battalions and then killed.
Then Armenian political and intellectual leaders were captured on 24 April 1915 and then killed.
Finally, the another Armenians were called from their homes, were told they would be displaced, and then transported to concentration camps in the desert between Jerablus and Deir ez-Zor, where they starved and desired to die in the burning sun.
During the march they were frequently denied food and water, and many were brutally beaten and killed by their "watchmen" or "rabies". The authorities at Trapezunt, on the Black Sea coast, changed this routine: they loaded the Armenians into barges and sank them at sea.
Today, the Turkish government denies the Armenian genocide, and claims that the Armenians were only removed from the east "zone of war". The Armenian genocide, however, took place throughout Anatolia [today Turkey], and not only in the alleged "zone of war". Deportations and murders took place in the west, in the vicinity of Ismid (Izmit) and Broussa (Bursa); in the centre, in the vicinity of Angola (Ankara); in the southwest, in the vicinity of Konya (Konya) and Adana (located close the Mediterranean); in the central part of Anatoly, in the vicinity of Diyarbakir (Diyarbakir), Harpout (Harput), Marash, Sivas (Sepastia), Shabin Kara-Hissar (ebin Karahisar) and Ourfa (Urfa); and on the coast of the Black Sea, in the vicinity of Trabzon (Trabzon), which are not part of the war zone. Only Erzeroum, Bitlis, and Van to the east were in the war zone.
The Armenian genocide was then condemned by representatives of the British, French, Russian, German, and Austrian governments — all major powers. The first 3 were enemies of the Ottoman Empire and the last 2 allies of the Ottoman Empire. The United States, neutral against the Ottoman Empire, besides condemned the Armenian genocide and was the chief spokesperson on behalf of the Armenians....
Only 1 Turkish government, the government of Damad Ferit Pasha, recognized Armenian genocide. In fact, The Turkish government has conducted war crimes trials and sentenced the main leaders liable to death.
The Turkish court found that the leaders of the youth government were guilty of murder. "This fact has been proven and verified." He maintained that the genocidal plan was carried out with as much secrecy as possible. That the public facade of Armenian "residence" was maintained. That they did the killing through a secret network. That the decision to exterminate the Armenians was not hasty, but "the consequence of extended and deep considerations."
Read in full:http://www.umd.umich.edu/trept/armenian/facts/genocide.html
Reading the last article, it is clear that the Turks who were closest to genocide knew precisely what had happened. The Turkish authorities and the Turkish Court not only condemned the full demolition of the Armenians but besides condemned the guilty to death!
Church of the Holy Resurrection
Monument to Armenian Genocide – Philadelphia, PA Source
Armenian genocide
University of Minnesota
"The 1915 Armenian genocide was an highly violent historical minute that snatched the nation from his homeland and erased most of the tangible evidence for 3,000 years of his material and spiritual culture. The disaster, which was unprecedented in scope and effect, can be seen as part of the continuous Armenian conflict for endurance and the culmination of persecution and pogroms which began in the 1990s. It can besides be placed in the context of the large upheavals that led to the disintegration of the multiethnic and multireligious Ottoman Empire and the emergence of a Turkish national state based on monoethnic and monoreligious societies. The Ottoman government, dominated by the Committee of Unity and advancement (CUP), or Youth Party, began to see Armenians as alien and a major obstacle to its political, ideological and social goals. His brutal rejection of the plural society led to the formation of 1 society, as after the demolition of the Armenians the Greek population had been displaced from Asia insignificant and the suppression of Muslim non-Turkification elements to introduce turkification and assimilation. The method of transforming the plural Ottoman society into a uniform Turkish society was genocide."
Richard G. Hovannisian, "Denouncing Armenian Genocide Compared to Holocaust Denial", in: Remembrace and Denial: The Case of the Armenian Genocide, ed. Richard G. Hovannisian (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1999) 13-14.
Denying Armenian Genocide
"It is crucial to realize the immorality and the harmful consequences of denying genocide. As noted by prominent genocide researchers specified as Israel Charney, Robert J. Lifton, Deborah Lipstadt, Eric Markusen and Roger Smith: denying genocide is the final phase of genocide; it seeks to demonize victims and rehabilitate perpetrators; and denying genocide paves the way for future genocides, clearly showing that genocide does not require moral work or response."
Peter Balakian, "Fighting the denials of Armenian genocide in academia" in Encyclopedia of Genocide, Volume I, ed. Israel Charney (Jerosolima: Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide, 1999) 163-165.
"Anatomy of the Denial of Genocide: Scientists, politicians and "recast" by Taner Akçam (PDF)
Video
Newspapers, caricatures and posters
Armenian Survivor
Artistic Responses to Armenian Genocide
Exhibition catalogues
Monuments to Armenian genocide
Resources to teach Armenian genocide (high school teachers)
Summary and articles
Jennifer M. Dixon, "Education and National narrations: Changing Presentations of Armenian Genocide in past Handbooks in Turkey,"The global diary for EducationLaw and Policy, Special Edition "Legismization and stableness of political systems: the contribution of national narratives" (2010), pp. 103-126.
Test sites
Armenian-Turkish relations
Claims for "unreliable" website remote
This is an crucial triumph for scientists and teachers throughout the United States. I would first like to express my gratitude to the Legal Advisor of the University of Minnesota, and in peculiar to Brent Benrud, for his outstanding work on this matter. I appreciate justice Frank's decision due to the fact that it shows the advanced respect that the judicial strategy in this country has for academic freedom. This consequence pays tribute to the principles of freedom of expression and is an different example of the protection of free public interest inquiries by law. ~ Bruno Chaouat, manager of CHGS
Latest news
U.S. Appeal Court ruling in favour of Minnesota University in the Turkish Coalition case: MPR 4-5-2012 Academic right to review: Inside Higher Ed: 4-5-2012Group again in court with U on the list of "unreliable" websites: MN regular 15-02-2012
On March 30, 2011, U.S. territory Court justice Donovan Frank dismissed the suit filed by the Turkish Coalition of America against Minnesota University. The suit was based on the material on the website of the Holocaust and Genocide Studies Centre (CHGS), including a list of pages considered by CHGS to be "unbelievable" to conduct research. The Turkish Coalition claimed that the university violated its constitutional rights and committed defamation, placing the Turkish Coalition website on the list of "unreliable" parties.
Orders to dismiss the court The justice dismisses the "black list" of genocide: MN regular 31-03-2011An different ruling for academic freedom: InsideHigher Ed 31-3-2011
Articles of the case message by Bruno Chaouat, CHGS DirectorHe is suing for US website warnings: MN regular 22-11-2010Turkish group sues U for "unbelievable" list of websites: MN regular 30-11-2010A suit for "unreliable websites": Inside Higher Ed 12-1-10Documents: Turkish coalition suit against Minnesota University: MPR News 12-01-2010Unbelievable source: MN regular 12-06-2010Turkish Lobby: We are blacklisted: MN regular 12-07-2010
American scandal by Meïr Waintrater 12-08-2010Unbelievable opponents: Inside Higher Ed 12-20-2010
Support letter: mediate East Studies Association (MESA) 18-1-2011 (PDF)Middle East Studies Group calls for an end to the suit against Minnesota University: Inside Higher ED 19-1-2011
List of Monuments of Genocide:
Related:
44 U.S. states recognise Armenian genocide.
The Armenian genocide and my grandmother's secret (with images)
Note: Most images are from this page:http://www.genocide1915.org/bildgalleri_ngm.html
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http://mediachecker.wordpress.com/2013/06/07/the-armenian-genocide/
