The judaic War Union
SOLDIERS OF EXHIBITIONS
The judaic Combat Organization
The judaic Military Union was 1 of two, alongside the judaic Combat Organization, the Warsaw ghetto's armed formation. It was formed by members of the Zionist-revisionist movement (Zionist Organization, fresh Zionist Organization) and their youth organization – Betar.
The judaic Military Union is 1 of the least known underground organizations of occupied Warsaw. "The reason for this is the highly modest origin base relating to its activities and postwar silence and manipulations in both Israel and the PRL“ – wrote Dariusz Libionka in the historical magazine “They talk Centuries” (Special Edition, April 2008).
It is believed that the ŻZW was created after a major liquidation action carried out by the Germans in the Warsaw ghetto, resulting in 254,000 from July to September 1942. Jews were taken to the extermination camp in Treblinka, 11,000 were sent to labour camps, and about 6,000 people were shot at the site. There were 35,000 Jews legally left in the ghetto, about 25,000 surviving in hiding.
According to Dr Dariusz Libionka, the leaders of ZZW are Leon Rodal and Paweł Frenkel, which agrees with Emmanuel Ringelblum's relation. Leon Rodal (born 1913 in Kielce), writer (‘Moment’, ‘Di Tat’), died probably
20 April 1943. Paweł Frenkel was a pre-war activist of Betaru in Warsaw, according to reports of the Polish underground, he died on 19 June 1943 in a tenement home close Grzybowska 11.
In the evidence given during the investigation and at the court hearing, B. General Juergen Stroop admitted that Muranowski Square was the most fortified redut in the ghetto. “The Muranowski Square... was the most persistently defended by militants. The square was defended by an elevated concrete building. The fire of device guns and device guns prevented access to it” – spoke Stroop to employees of the judaic Historical Institute in 1951.
The litter was at the UL. MURANOVA 7
The historian of the Warsaw ghetto Emanuel Ringelblum described her appearance: “I looked at the arsenal of HSC. The place was housed in an uninhabited house, the alleged chaotic home at 7 Muranowska Street, in a 6-room flat on the first floor. There was a top-class radio installed in the management room... Members of the HSC management with whom I interviewed for respective hours were armed with revolvers stuck behind the belt. In the large halls on the hangers there were weapons of all kinds, i.e. hand device guns, rifles, various kinds of revolvers, hand grenades, ammunition bags, German uniforms, which were utilized so effectively in April action, etc. There was a large movement in the management room, as in the real staff; orders were received here for the interred points where future militants were gathered and trained. Reports of exports made by individual groups in wealthy persons for the arms of the HSC have been reported. In my presence, 2 device guns were purchased from a erstwhile Polish army officer for a 4th of a million zlotys; for which an advance of 50 1000 zlotys was given; 2 device guns were purchased for 40 1000 zlotys; more hand grenades and bombs." (E. Ringelblum “Polish-Jewish relations in the years of planet War II)
The EGM was divided into 3 branches. In the central ghetto, at Muranowski Square, the core of the forces of ZZW was located. It was divided into 3 about 20 combat groups. They were commanded by Eliyahu Halbersztein, Natan Shultz, Meir Teibloom, Israel (NN), Joseph Goldshaber, Leon Rodal. Smaller branches were in the area of the shed of brushers and sheds of Tobbens and Schultz at 5 Karmelicka Street (Adam Halperin "Betar`s function in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising", 1946)
During the uprising, ZZW led the most severe fighting in the area of Muranowski Square.
"The restoration of the fight in Muranowski Square faces large difficulties. It seems that no of the fighters on 19 April in the position of Muranowski Square survived the war. And even if he did, he didn't study on it.t” – Dariusz Libionka and Laurence Weinbaum wrote in the book “Bohaters, Hochsztaplers, Describers. Around the judaic Military Union".
In the evidence given during the investigation and at the court hearing, B. General Juergen Stroop admitted that Muranowski Square was the most fortified redut in the ghetto. “The Muranowski Square... was the most persistently defended by militants. The square was defended by an elevated concrete building. The fire of device guns and device guns prevented access to it” – spoke Stroop to employees of the judaic Historical Institute in 1951.
Most of the fighting members of the HSC died in the Uprising in the ghetto, the remainder – while trying to get out of the ghetto (PAP).
INDEPENDENT SOLDERS
If life in occupied Poland was hell, then life in the ghetto was the bottom of that hell. The insurgents, regardless of their organisational affiliation and political views, deserve respect, admiration and recognition. However, it is worth considering why any of them are spoken of so little. It's not a trifle. It is worth to look at the past of the opposition in the ghetto more closely and exposure forgotten, or the silenced cards of history. But start the communicative with a balanced resolution of the Polish Parliament. The passage of this resolution reads:
"A tiny group of poorly armed militants, representing mainly the judaic Combat Organization and the judaic Military Union, under the Polish and judaic flags put dramatic opposition to German occupiers complete liquidation of the Warsaw Ghetto. Warsaw, one more time – as in 1939 and later, in 1944 – witnessed heroism and self-sacrifice in a heroic fight against the vastly superior enemy.”
Such a resolution can besides be found on the Onetu website or Polish Radio. However, the text of the Catholic Information Agency was quoted on the page “Gazeta Wyborcza”, which reads differently:
"A tiny group of poorly armed militants, representing mainly the judaic Combat Organization, under the Polish and judaic flags put dramatic opposition to German occupiers complete liquidation of the Warsaw Ghetto".
The phrase “and the judaic Military Union” was missing. It is besides rather amazing that the “Gazeta Wyborcza” refers to the KAI, not, for example, straight to the appearance of the Marshal of the Sejm, or to the Sejm materials. Why did KAI leave the phrase about HSC? Was that a mistake? Why did the "GW" quote this agency and this mistaken version?
The substance is not trivial, contrary to appearances. Who's heard of ACS? Who's on the boat? Why is this happening? In this resolution the resolution loses sense due to the fact that it only mentions the ŻOB, and at the same time points to the fact of the fight under 2 banners, and it was the ZWW that put up the 2 banners, which caused the fury of the Germans and the individual intervention of Himmler and it was these banners of ZWW that defended the ŻW.
It was a symbol not only for the ghetto, but besides for Warsaw, but besides for the Germans (the Uprising in the ghetto Jurgen Stroop said: “Flags and national colors are the same fighting instrument as a fast-shooting cannon as a 1000 specified guns”(Kazimierz Moczarski “Talking to the executioner”).
The judaic Military Union, renamed the judaic Combat Union in 1942 as early as December 1939. The union was mainly attended by officers of the Polish Army of judaic origin. ZZW represented in practice the judaic right-wing stream, the alleged Zionists of revisionists, supporters of armed struggle, including members of Betar youth organization. Among the most crucial commanders of ZZW were Mieczysław Dawid Apfelbaum, Henryk Lipszyc, Szymon Białośkina, Kalmen Mendelson, Leon Rodal. The only survivor of the war was Kałmen Mendelson. Tadeusz Bednarczyk, Henryk Iwański, collaborated on the part of the Polish Underground from ŻZW.
ZZW initially recruited mostly military individuals, trained, frequently remembering the First planet War. For the time being, he was besides comparatively well armed. However, it was not a mass organization, but alternatively an elite organization. 1 reason may have been the reluctance of ghetto leaders to annoy Germans. It is crucial to remember that Germans were successful in war at the time, the Nazi pursuits stood in front of Moscow and threatened Egypt, the possible of a fast end to the war was distant, and the strategical and political situation was incomparable to that of the Warsaw Uprising.
Prior to the outbreak of the WZW was lost its strictly elite character, people were admitted without military experience, with different political views.
First of all, it is crucial to emphasize close cooperation with the Polish underground (Military Organization, the safety Corps, incorporated into the National Army established in 1942), from which ZZW received support and arms. He besides gained any of the weapons in the "free market".
ZZW dug respective tunnels through which communication with the alleged "Aryan side" took place. Channels were besides used. With these tunnels, respective 1000 people were thrown to the another side of the wall, and supplies reached the ghetto. 1 specified tunnel into the ghetto was Jan Karski, who met with judaic leaders, watched the ghetto, and then reported the situation of Jews in the West (unfortunately unsuccessfully).
ZZW besides worked on judaic collaborators – Gestapo judaic cells (Leszno 13 and Leszno 14) or judaic collaborate organization "Żagiw", which did not only cooperate with Germany but worked on the opposition movement, denuncing Jews hiding on the "Aryan" side, and even partaking with money. Through the work of Żagwi, she was able to destruct her even though she was reborn.
The judaic Combat Organization
ŻOB was established in late 1942, and included various conventional judaic leftist organizations as well as communists. Among the leaders of ŻOB are Mordechaj Anielewicz, Icchak Cukurman, the last commander was Marek Edelman. The female was not adequately trained in military personnel and was poorly armed. Part of the weaponry received from ZZW, part from the AK, part bought from the free market, any besides received from the communist guerrillas, although this 1 was only in the first phase of the organization and could not aid much. The ŻOB had mostly unhelpful guns and a number of rifles, including grenades and weapons of its own product. In fact, only HSC had heavier weapons. The merger of HSC and OC did not occur.
WHY IS SO MUCH MUCH SAYING ABOUT THE GREEN?
Why, then, is there so small to talk about? Why is there inactive a conspiracy of silence today? Are these old, yet pre-war ideological conflicts between judaic organizations? Or was the fact that the AK after the war was a "smelling dwarf of reaction", so the AK as a co-operating with the AK was uncomfortable? As a conglomerate of leftist organizations, was he much more suitable? possibly it is crucial that, immediately after the war, the past of the Jews was dealt with mostly by Stalinists with specified views? Or is it that any specified historians of the reluctant Home Army, and thus at least untrustworthy to the NZW, emigrated to Israel and went to Yad Vashem?
Perhaps Joseph Dajczgewand was right to ask at a gathering on the occasion of the March events, why is the alleged "Jewish communiqué" spoken of, alternatively than the "Żydoreakcja" or Zionists (but the real ones alternatively than the Gomulk propaganda) and their fates?
Fragment of Anka Grupinska's conversation with Mark Edelman ("Still by Circle")
Mark, can we start by talking about ACS?
- A PE? What do you care? You want to deal with fascists?
Mark, seriously. There are many memories of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising written by Zionists and not Zionists. And no 1 says anything about ACS.
– due to the fact that there's nothing to talk about.
You, in Poland, have told...
- ...about the ACS?
– No, that's right, you were talking about the uprising, always keeping quiet about HSC. It might be worth talking about the facts.
– What facts? There were no facts!
Below, I quote from Stanisław Aronson's letter of the Polish Jew, an AK soldier (part of “Rysiek”), residing in Tel Aviv, addressed to Adam Michnik. This letter was written after a memorable article by Michael Silent, accusing the AK of beating up the remains of Jews, so it refers to another issues, but the passage given may besides have any meaning in the case of the ACS.
"As it is known, in 1955 Yad Vashem Institute of National Memory was established in Jerusalem and shortly began collecting accounts of the destiny of Jews during the war. any of the young historians active were communists, trained in Stalinist Poland. They had instilled hatred for the AK and worship for the AL and another communist formations. Therefore, it is highly likely to be editorial "modelling" of the obtained relationships, so it is frequently impossible to have full assurance in them."
An highly crucial and interesting reflections and information will be provided by Wojciech Rodak in the Polish diary of 20 April 2018 "Insurgence in the ghetto: Heroes from Muranowski Square".
"(...)on the roof of 1 of the buildings surrounding the militants, as reported by many witnesses, they placed 2 flags – Polish and Jewish. It was to be a symbol of the brotherhood of both nations inhabiting the Republic. These brave and well organized militants, who in the mediate of a bloody conflict made a crucial gesture, were members of the judaic Military Union, a conspiracy group founded by Zionist right-wing activists. Unfortunately, only a fistful of SZW fighters managed to last the Hecatomb of planet War II. no of his leaders survived, no papers concerning the organization remained. They seldom mentioned their political opponents veterans of the left-wing judaic Combat Organization, specified as Edelman, Symch Rotem, and Antek Cukuraman, who survived the Holocaust in a comparatively large group. After the war they wrote the past of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, barely mentioning the existence of a competitive armed organization.
As a result, the judaic Military Union remains on the margins of collective awareness.
Little of that, the actual past of the Union was obscured by many hoochsztaplers, Poles and Jews, who, utilizing the death of almost all participants of the events described by them, attributed themselves to participation in heroic combat. Historians, desiring any information about ZZW, besides frequently gave religion to suspicious relations, e.g. Henryk Iwański, ps. “Bystra” without verifying them. As a result, until recently, our full cognition of this organization was a collection of alternatively inconsistent narratives, whose repetitive elements over time were considered historical facts...A fewer years ago, 2 historians, Dariusz Libionka and Laurence Weinbaum decided to critically analyse all of our erstwhile cognition about ZZW, supplementing it with information from fresh sources. Thanks to their detective cut and Benedictine work in archives, present we can clearly paint the past of this organization(...).
Aleksander Szumański “The Voice” of Toronto
Documents, sources, quotations:
Marian Apfelbaum “Two banners. The thing about the Warsaw Ghetto uprising".
Seismic Stenogram,
http://blogpress.pl/node/16413 Bernard
“Daily Courier” Chicago Aleksander Szumański
http://www.polskieradio.pl/39/156/Article/1125565,Explosion-rise-in-gett-Warsaw
‘Polish Radio’
http://www.wykop.pl/frame/1484025/zidowski-union-military-real-wage-wage-wage-wage-wage-forgotten/
http://jeje.pl/updates/Zidowski-military union
"Journal of Poland" of April 20, 2018 "Insurrection in ghetto: Heroes from Muranowski Square".
