This year on January 22nd, we celebrate the 160th anniversary of the outbreak of the 1863 uprising, the largest Polish national uprising during the partitions and at the same time uprising, which in the broad public consciousness is an uprising inactive little-known. Anniversary celebrations are a good time to consider what factors determined the fact that despite the deficiency of a regular army on the Polish side, the insurection of 1863 was the longest lasting independency spurt in the 19th century, and the tradition of Polish arms was enriched with successive military commanders dedicated to the national origin and places of heroic battles.