Is the holocaust genocide or the holocaust genocide?

IS HOLOCAUST PEOPLE OR HUMANHOlocAUST?

HOLOKAUST

The Holocaust, (all-burning – English term, derived from the ecclesiastical Latin of the holocaustum, from the gr. holocautóo – I burn the sacrifice in its entirety), connotation: the holocaust – a word utilized for the persecution and demolition of millions of Jews by the authorities of the 3rd German Reich and its allies during planet War II. It is synonymous with the concept of Shoah, Shoa (hebr. שואה – full destruction, destruction), considered by any to be more appropriate due to the fact that it does not mention to the affirmative meaning of the burnt offering. In Poland, the word Holocaust is besides used,

in Hebrew Shoah.

The Holocaust policy launched in 1942 lasted about 30 months (it was preceded by the T4 action, involving the demolition of mentally sick people, during which the "technology" of mass murders was developed). The number of Holocaust victims is estimated to be 5-6 million, although the exact number is not known due to the deficiency of complete records and systematic demolition of archives and cover-up by the German authorities in the face of a war disaster. 1 3rd of this number, or about 2 million, were children.

German (Nazi) Policy for Jews

The Nazi organization and its leader Adolf Hitler after gaining power in 1933 began the implementation of the racist and anti-Semitic program, predicting the isolation of the judaic population and the gradual deprivation of all civilian and civilian rights. The emigration of Jews from Germany was besides supported. The main legal basis for discriminating moves were the Nuremberg Act of 1936. In the pre-war period, Germany besides developed a major propaganda action to justify these steps. They accused the Jews of parasitism, exploitation, demoralization and demolition of the nations among which they reside. Propaganda besides publicized the alleged organization of an global conspiracy, involving judaic bankers and industrialists, as well as judaic and judaic politicians. This conspiracy was to be of an global nature; it allegedly included liberals, social democrats and communists, as well as Masons, and another socio-political organizations opposed to the ideas of Nazism.

The Nazis did not see the Jews as a spiritual or national community – they rejected spiritual conversion or assimilation as a solution to the “Jewish problem”. In their opinion, Jews were a race, or alternatively a racial mix, the representatives of which are a genetic harmful element: this perception of Jews led to the isolation and elimination of Jews, as well as of all assimilated judaic people. Propaganda spread these views in support of alleged technological investigation results, falsified historical or anthropological knowledge. Anti-Semitic and racist propaganda already found a partial consequence among Germans in the second half of the 1930s, but besides in another European countries, favouring cooperative attitudes, or, more often, indifference to the Holocaust.

After the war began, Nazi politics towards Jews was introduced in subsequent European countries as German troops occupied them. This usually took the form of registration of judaic people, forcing them to wear recognition marks on clothes (most frequently the yellow star of David), introducing various prohibitions and discriminatory actions, in countries with a large judaic population (e.g. in Poland) isolation in closed districts (gettas), frequently surrounded by walls. Death punishment was imposed on Jews breaking the rules of discrimination or leaving closed districts. Severe punishments were besides imposed on people helping Jews (in Poland the death punishment was imposed for helping Jews hide or for supplying food). The concentration of large masses of people in tiny areas caused frequent diseases, and the limited supply of food – frequent starvation.

EXTERMINATION

Initially, German authorities considered the displacement of European Jews (e.g. for Ural or Madagascar). However, this task was assessed as impossible to carry out in war conditions. Consequently, at the Wannsee Conference, on 20 January 1942, the decision was made on the alleged "final solution to the judaic question" (die Endlösung der Judenfrage), which was a phrase that meant in practice the policy of the extermination of all Jews in Europe. The operation was entrusted to the SS, and its coordination was to be led by Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann.

However, extermination was initiated before authoritative decisions. Her first act was the actions of the Einsatzgruppen SS in the USSR after the invasion on June 22, 1941. These troops, operating shortly after the German troops entering, killed more than half a million Jews, as well as Gypsies, POWs, and communist organization members. The function of these troops was to spend the local judaic population and another people destined for extermination to peculiar places and mass shootings, most frequently utilizing device guns. At times, local collaborators were utilized to assist in the murder. Thus the Holocaust of Ukrainian, Besarab, Belarusian and Baltic Jews was made. The most celebrated place of extermination is the Babi Jar gorge close Kiev, where over 33,700 Jews were murdered on 29 and 30 September 1941.

The German Nazi authorities assessed specified a method of killing Jews as besides costly (ammunition) and labor-intensive and hard to repeat in countries where panic was weaker and far away. On a smaller scale, they experimented with another idea: cars that secrete exhaust gases into the hold and kill people in it with carbon monoxide. Even before the decisions of the Wannsee conference, specified methods were utilized in the extermination camp of the judaic population from the separate Warta Country (Wartheland) – Kulmhof. any camps utilized Cyclone B gas, formerly utilized as an insecticide.

The first systematic program of extermination of Jews was Einsatz Reinhard, which included 2 million Jews surviving in the General Gubernia (GG). As part of this operation, extermination camps were created: Belzec close Bełżca, Sobibor close the village of Sobibór and Treblinka close Poniatov. In addition to these three, extermination camps were besides established: Auschwitz II (Birkenau) in the area of the village of Birkenau close Oświęcim, Kulmhof close Chełmna nad Ner and Majdanek on the outskirts of Lublin. All six German extermination camps were placed on Polish lands due to the hard assistance of terror, the central location of Poland, the large judaic population and adequate railway infrastructure. All extermination camps were German state institutions, created from the German state budget, having access to qualified authoritative staff and transport infrastructure. The service of the extermination camps was recruited from German SS soldiers or from battalions of allies' soldiers (mainly the Ukrainian Waffen-SS troops).

Extermination included all groups of Jews or persons considered Jews, including the elderly, women and children. The judaic ghettos were systematically emptied, they were hunting Jews hiding after the alleged "Aryan side", people were taken from the territories occupied throughout Europe. utilizing the aid of collaborators, people of judaic origin were isolated and sent by rail to extermination camps, where they were usually immediately directed to gas chambers, their bodies burned, and property became owned by the 3rd German Reich.

The Germans' policies of extermination of Jews resulted in the death of 5-6 million people and almost complete liquidation of many judaic communities, especially those in east Poland, Galicia, Hungary, Ukraine. From this region, the full culture of sztleli, all the Hasidic clusters, remained Yiddish language. At that time, 80-90% of Jews surviving before the war died in Central Europe. Among the survivors many people suffered from many post-traumatic intellectual problems. Their ability to tell about the past grew very slowly.

ACTION T4

Action T4 , E-Aktion (German) — name of programme implemented in III Reichs in 1939–1944 consisting of the physical elimination (killing) of mentally retarded people, chronically mentally and neurologically sick (schizophrenia, any epileptics, old dementia, Huntington's sulphasis, post-encephalitis conditions, insane people, sick people surviving in care facilities for more than 5 years) and any congenital developmental disorders (German: "Vernichtung von lebensunwert Leben" – "the elimination of life of worthless life", regardless of cultural origin. It is estimated that in the highest period of this program, i.e. from 1940 to 1941, more than 70,000 sick and cripples were killed within it, including intellectual infirmary residents in occupied areas. Since April 1941, the program has been expanded to include “action 14f13” (German: “Action 14f13”), covering mentally sick and crippled non-German concentration camps, in which about 20,000 people were murdered.

Action T4 was the first mass execution of the population carried out by the German Nazi state, during which the “technology” of group killing was developed, later applied in extermination camps.

This action was besides referred to as the “eutanasia” of the handicapped – hence the abbreviation E-Aktion, while the wider known abbreviation T4 comes from the address of the Berlin office of this task at Tiergartenstraße 4. The abbreviation ‘14f13’ is 1 of the code indications utilized in concentration camps to evidence causes of death and how to deal with prisoners (sonderbehandlung 14f13).

Main extermination camps:

Beelzec close Beelzec

– Sobibor close the village of Sobibor

– Treblinka close Poniatov

– Auschwitz II (Birkenau) in the village of Brzezinka close Oświęcim

– Kulmhof close Chełmna on Ner

– Majdanek on the outskirts of Lublin

There have been many events in human past that we would like to forget. Some, however, have influenced people’s lives so that they will be remembered for the remainder of the world. 1 of them is the Holocaust – Holocaust. To say that time heals wounds is unrealistic in this case. It is hard to realize the number of Jews who lost their lives for being born at all.

The Holocaust means a burnt victim. He dealt with mass murders of the judaic population during planet War II. any historians of judaic demolition call ,,, ,shoa’, which means full destruction.

Everyone was killed regardless of age, gender, or religion. It's impossible to name all the crimes that were committed during human extermination. Hitler regarded the Jews as lice and tried to exterminate them in all way. The humiliation on the street was common. peculiar districts called "getts" were built for them.

These were areas that kept them completely isolated from the remainder of society. Mortality was shocking. People dying of deficiency of food, dirt, or diseases that were not treated.

The executions were carried out in a beastly way. Shot in the back of the head. Around 100,000 people were shot in places specified as Babi Jar in Ukraine or Ponary in Lithuania. Not only judaic people were being exterminated, but besides those considered by German Nazis to be “subhumans”, specified as Action T4.

In Poland, Germany murdered about 6 million Polish citizens – Poles and national minorities.

HUMANITY

Genocide genocide, Latin Genocidum atrox (Criminal genocide), a word created in 1944 by Polish lawyer Rafał Lemkin, specifying mass killing or extermination of human groups, adopted in global law after planet War II. For the first time, genocide was defined legally in 1945 in an act of indictment against mainly the war criminals of the 3rd German Reich before the Nuremberg global Military Court as “extermination of racial and national groups of civilians of certain occupied areas in order to destruct certain races, layers, nations and peoples, racial and spiritual groups, in peculiar Jews, Poles, Gypsies and others.” The UN General Assembly in its resolution of 11 XII 1946 stated that genocide is simply a crime in the face of global law, contrary to the spirit and objectives of the United Nations and condemned by the civilized world.

9. XII, 1948, the United Nations General Assembly unanimously passed a convention on the prevention and punishment of genocide crimes that entered into force 12. I. 1951; its parties are 127 countries (2002), Poland — since 1951 According to that convention, genocide is “any of the following acts committed in the intent of demolition in full or in part of national, ethnic, racial or spiritual groups as such: (a) killing of group members, (b) causing serious bodily injury or intellectual wellness disorder of group members,
10. (c) the deliberate creation for members of the group of surviving conditions calculated to origin their full or partial physical destruction,
11. (d) the application of measures aimed at stopping birthdays within the group,
12. (e) compulsory transfer of children from 1 group to another group.’ The Convention recognises genocide committed in both war and peace as a crime in the face of global law. Genocide collusion is besides punishable in order to commit it, direct and public incitement, attempted and complicity. The defendants are to be tried before the courts of the State in whose territory the act was committed or by an global criminal tribunal appointed by the parties to the Convention.

According to the Convention of 26th November 1968, "On the non-application of statute of limitations to war crimes and crimes against humanity" (taken at the initiative of Poland) genocide was included in the catalogue of crimes that are not statute of limitations, even if specified an act does not constitute an infringement of the interior law of the country in which it was committed. Genocide was besides included in the draft Code of Crime against Human Peace and Security, adopted in 1996 by the UN global Law Commission.

Genocide perpetrators fall under the jurisdiction of global criminal tribunals established by UN safety Council decisions under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter for the erstwhile Yugoslavia in 1993 and for Rwanda in 1994. Jurisdiction over the perpetrators of genocide will besides have permanent global Criminal Court, which was established on the basis of the Statute adopted in Rome on 17. VII. 1998.

The Statute, which is an global agreement, defines genocide for its purposes in a manner akin to the Convention of 1948. However, it clearly distinguishes genocide from crimes against humanity, which was not done before, for example, during the Nuremberg process.

In Poland, the word “genocide” was first utilized officially in the trial against Nazi criminal A. Greiser in June 1946. The current Polish Criminal Code of 1997 does not usage the word genocide, but provides for severe penalties for those performing acts akin to those defined in item by the 1948 Convention.

Bibliography:

1949. Sawicki "Ludbicide. From task to Convention 1933–1948", Kraków 1949.

1. Lemkin "Axis regulation in Occupied Europe", Washington 1944;

1. Robinson “The Genocide Convention”, London 1960;

1981. Buyer "Genocide", Harmondsworth 1981.