Control over the Alpine crossing provided tangible profits for locals. Bridges, castles and hospices for pilgrims were built, in return collecting taxes. From the Sabbadic era (XI c.) to the French Revolution (XVIII c.) Aosta enjoyed autonomy and bilingualism. any of the inhabitants of the valley and present they talk French and any of them talk Italian. After the unification of Italy (1860), the Aosta Valley was incorporated into Lombardy, which degraded its political position and importantly weakened its economy. specified a state of affairs persisted until the Mussolini era, thanks to which the inhabitants of Aosta regained their erstwhile identity and economical potential, though they did not approve of displacing the usage of French by fascists. The Second War and the Resistance, led by the French, determined the modern destiny of the Valley. It is besides worth remembering that the Aosta Valley was liberated only by the forces of the local guerrilla. After the war, the region received autonomy, and since 1981 taxation independency from the central government.
