Hydrogen!
Deloitte's consulting company is expected to be the world's largest importer of clean hydrogen, buying 13 million tons of gas per year in 2030. This is due to the rapidly increasing request for clean energy forced by the decarbonisation process of various sectors of China's economy.
Europe will request 10 million tonnes of hydrogen at this time and a full of 7.5 million tonnes of Japan and South Korea.
China will be dependent on hydrogen imports until it is self-sufficient in the production of this fuel, and this is likely to happen between 2050 and 1960. By 2060, China is promising carbon neutrality.
The Chinese hydrogen marketplace is expected to scope USD 265 billion (about PLN 1.09 trillion).
The construction of a pipeline network has been started here, which has a full dimension of more than 6,000 km. The first sections of the network are ready.
In 2050, hydrogen in China is expected to satisfy 10~12% of the energy request in the mediate State.
Source:
https://www2.deloitte.com/cn/en.html
China: Urban More and More
At the end of 2022, 65.22% of the Chinese population were urban residents. This is 0.50% more than in 2021. Urbanization is progressing.
In 9 provinces and cities separated by provincial rights (of all 34 provinces), this process exceeds 70%. These are:
- Shanghai / Shanghai / 上海,
- Beijing / BeiJing / 北京,
- TianJin (天津),
- GuangDong (广东),
- JiangSu (江苏),
- LiaoNing (辽宁),
- Zhejiang (浙江),
- ChongQing (重庆) and
- FuJian (福建).
The 3 metropolitan areas separated, straight subject to the central government, have the largest urbanisation rate exceeding 80%:
- Shanghai 89.3%,
- Beijing 87.9%
- TianJin 85.11%.
The weakest urbanization (obviously) is recorded in Tibet (37.36%)
The 50% limit was exceeded in the provinces of YuNan (51.72%), GanSu, Guizhou, GuanXi and HeN (57.07%).
Source:
Chinese scientists print the most
According to Nature Publication Index, authors from China in 2022, for the first time in history, published more technological papers than authors from the United States.
The number of technological publications by Chinese authors has been increasing rapidly since 2015. At the same time, the number of publications by American scientists has declined steadily since the same year.
"Nature" magazine analysts form the Nature Publication Index based on data obtained from 82 world's most valued technological journals. It is estimated that there are as many as 54,000 technological magazines in the planet now.
According to the latest "Nature" index, in 2022 Chinese authors published 19,373 technological articles erstwhile American authors 17,610.
Chinese authors lead the lead in publications in the field of physical discipline and chemistry.
Authors from the United States dominate only 1 category of natural sciences – life sciences.
The index besides indicates that between 2018 and 2020 Chinese scientists' works were more frequently cited than those of the US.
Interesting survey results. The results of the investigation shall mean results generated by the activity afraid which can be accessed by technological publications, data or another developed results and processes specified as software, algorithms, protocols and electronic notebooks.Chinese articles, which are most frequently cited, are frequently produced in collaboration with authors from another countries. "Nature" magazine points out that the investigation policy of the mediate States focuses peculiarly on strengthening investigation areas in which China has gained an advantage or has a chance to gain that advantage. And what distinguishes China from the United States is simply a broad approach (support) in all technological fields, as the comment of the latest "Nature" index indicates. With peculiar emphasis on basic research.
The technological diary differs from the average journal, among others, that the articles published in it are subject to technological reviews. technological journals besides usually have a well-defined thematic scope and print articles exclusively in this field. The exception is general journals specified as discipline and Nature, which print articles describing, according to their editorial advice, the most crucial technological achievements of all natural sciences
Nature is 1 of the oldest and most prestigious technological journals. It appears as an illustrated weekly magazine. It was founded by Norman Lockyer. The first issue was released on November 4, 1869. The current publisher of Nature is Nature Publishing Group, owned by Macmillan Publishers.
Unlike the vast majority of technological journals, mostly highly specialized, the diary Nature describes discoveries from all fields of natural sciences, engineering and (more importantly) sciences and economics.
Source:
Author: 梁安基 Andrzej Z. Liang, 上海 Shanghai, 中国 China
Email: [email protected]
Editorial: Leszek B.
Email: [email protected]
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