Od lat 90. XX wieku państwa posiadające broń jądrową nie przeprowadzają jej testów – wyjątkiem pozostaje Korea Północna, która ostatnią próbę zrealizowała w 2017 roku. Brak takich testów bywa źródłem spekulacji: czy broń jądrowa w ogóle zadziała we właściwym momencie? Spróbujmy przyjrzeć się tej kwestii z perspektywy techniczno-inżynieryjnej, a nie medialnych doniesień czy spekulacji internetowych.
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Film o produkcji plutonu do broni jądrowej w ZSRR:
https://youtu.be/BdjZR5eY7eo
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Wsparcie kanału:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwylAt0VrqZPPNCjQV2t8Qg/join
https://patronite.pl/smartgasm
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00:00 Wstęp
03:21 Jak się psuje broń jądrowa
42:46 Podejścia państw nuklearnych do problemu starzenia się arsenału jądrowego
01:02:20 Kwestia finansowa
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Źródła:
[0] Australian Strategic Policy Institute: „Nuclear tests involving ballistic missiles with live warheads” https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/nuclear-tests-involving-ballistic-missiles-with-live-warheads/
[1] „From Polaris to Trident: The Development of US Fleet Ballistic Missile Technology” + „The Arms Control, Disarmament, and Military Security Dictionary”
[2] http://www.nuclear-weapons.info/vw.htm#Violet%20Club
[3] Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: „United Kingdom nuclear weapons, 2024” https://thebulletin.org/premium/2024-11/united-kingdom-nuclear-weapons-2024/ + https://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Uk/UKArsenalRecent.html
[4] https://rlg.fas.org/010216-aaas.htm
[5] https://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Nwfaq/Nfaq4-3.html
[6] UKAEA Atomic Warheads Production Cttee, Papers & Minutes
http://nuclear-weapons.info/images/tna-ab16-4675p63.jpg
[7] https://www.energyencyclopedia.com/en/nuclear-fusion/iter/tritium-production
[8] SIPRI: „Starve nuclear weapons to death with a tritium freeze” https://www.sipri.org/commentary/topical-backgrounder/2020/starve-nuclear-weapons-death-tritium-freeze
[9] SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES: „Neutron Generator Enterprise (NGE)” https://www.sandia.gov/app/uploads/sites/165/2022/03/NeutronGen_FactSheet_NOV_2020.pdf
[10] Rozdział „4.1.8.2 External Neutron Initiators” (ENIs) https://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Nwfaq/Nfaq4-1.html
[11] https://fas.org/initiative/status-world-nuclear-forces/
[12] Rozdział „4.1.6.2.2.5 Explosives” https://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Nwfaq/Nfaq4-1.html
[13] Arms Control Association: „A Breakdown of Breakout: U.S. and Russian Warhead Production Capabilities” https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2002-10/features/breakdown-breakout-us-and-russian-warhead-production-capabilities
[14] https://thebulletin.org/2017/03/how-us-nuclear-force-modernization-is-undermining-strategic-stability-the-burst-height-compensating-super-fuze/
[15] https://www.navalgazing.net/NWAS-Polaris-Part-3
[16] Los Alamos Science „Aging of Plutonium and Its Alloys” https://sgp.fas.org/othergov/doe/lanl/pubs/00818029.pdf
[17] Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: „Dealing with a debacle: A better plan for US plutonium pit production” https://thebulletin.org/2023/04/dealing-with-a-debacle-a-better-plan-for-us-plutonium-pit-production/
[18] Los Alamos National Laboratory: „NNSA completes and diamond-stamps first plutonium pit for W87-1 warhead” https://www.lanl.gov/media/news/1002-diamond-stamps-plutonium-pit
[19] Bellona Foundation: „Russia performed three subcritical nuclear tests” https://bellona.org/news/nuclear-issues/nuclear-russia/2000-09-russia-performed-three-subcritical-nuclear-tests
[20] International Panel on Fissile Materials https://fissilematerials.org/materials/plutonium.html + https://fissilematerials.org/countries/russia.html
[21] https://spectrum.ieee.org/what-about-the-nukes + https://str.llnl.gov/past-issues/octobernovember-2018/extending-life-workhorse-warhead + https://www.acq.osd.mil/ncbdp/nm/NMHB2020rev/chapters/chapter4.html + https://www.llnl.gov/sites/www/files/2020-05/W78-STR-Mar-12.pdf
[22] United States Department of Energy: „The U.S. Nuclear Weapons Stockpile” + Los Alamos National Laboratory: „Rethinking the unthinkable” https://www.energy.gov/nnsa/us-nuclear-weapons-stockpile + https://cdn.lanl.gov/files/NSS-december2014.pdf
[23] Congressional Budget Office: „Projected Costs of U.S. Nuclear Forces, 2025 to 2034” https://www.cbo.gov/publication/61362
[24] https://www.senat.fr/rap/a17-110-8/a17-110-811.html
[25] Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists https://thebulletin.org/nuclear-notebook/
[26] https://www.top500.org/statistics/list/
[27] https://journals.us.edu.pl/index.php/ppk/article/view/17695/14027
[28] https://www.icanw.org/surge_2023_global_nuclear_weapons_spending
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