On 29 October 1611 hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski returned triumphantly to Warsaw from the Moscow War. In the procession passing through the city he was taken prisoner by Tsar Vasil IV Shujski, who at the Royal Castle humbled himself to King Sigismund III Vasa of Poland. The anniversary was recalled by president Karol Nawrocki during the 2024 Freedom Man Gala.
Today is October 29th. I do not know if you remember, although this was rather a long time ago, but on 29 October 1611 the Russian Tsar Vasil IV Shujski who remained in captivity to Polish King Sigismund III Vasa paid tribute to Russian king. On the 1 hand, it is worth remembering that in the coming centuries and we must return to this, these balances of strength, threats and shuffling on the geopolitical phase for many centuries indicated what large value the Republic is, the strength of the Republic, but we must besides consider in fear that only 160 years after the Russian tribute the Republic began to vanish from the map of the planet and yet disappeared for over a century. Therefore, as President, I am asking all of you to all day, all week, all month, and I warrant that I will work hard to guarantee that we take care of our freedom, sovereignty, development, ambition, due to the fact that our history, maps of the planet over the centuries show that in all decade and century much can happen. Long live freedom, long live free, independent Republic of Poland!
said Karol Nawrocki.
The Russian Worship
At about 10 o'clock, a ward of a festively dressed ride appeared, assisting senators and hetman, who rode in a magnificent carriage, bound in six white horses. After him, in the next vehicle besides drawn by six steeds, there were 3 noble hetman captives: Tsar Vasil Shujski and his brothers, Dmitri, the unfortunate chief of Kushin, and Ivan. The Tsar household was followed by another riding squad, ending the parade. A crowd of townspeople and nobles cheered in honor of the winner, bells rang, guns fired and muskets
“Leszek Podhorodecki wrote (L. Podhorodecki, “The celebrated Hetmans of the Republic”, Warsaw 1994).
On 29 October 1611, during the session of the Sejm, the triumphant passage of Stanisław Żółkiewski through the streets of Warsaw took place. The royal way along Krakowskie Przedmieście was followed by carriages: tsar Vasily Szujski and his 2 brothers, Ivan and Dmitri; commander of the defence of Smolensk fortress – Mikhail Szein, Archbishop of Smolensk Sergey, Patriarch Filaret and Catherine Grigorievna, wife of Dmitri.
Since the beginning of the reign of Zygmunt III Vasa (1587-1632) The Republic of Poland showed a peculiar interest in Russian lands. It was increased after the Kingdom of Sweden and Czartwo the Russian Alliance Treaty in Wyborg in 1609.
Attributed Moscow and Sweden became a large power which could not only defeat the another Self-Sustainer (the alleged Łedymitra – a contender to the throne claiming to be a miraculously saved Dmitri I Self-Sustainer who was murdered in 1606), but besides seriously endanger the Republic. Sigismund was besides afraid of strengthening Sweden and the settlement of a Swedish candidate in the Kremlin
— wrote Andrzej Adam Majewski (A. A. Majewski, “Moscow 1617-1618”, Warsaw 2006).
Military intervention of Polish troops in Russia began with the siege of the Smolensk fortress in September 1609. In February 1610, after the arrival at Smolensk of the Boyar Message, both sides of the conflict entered a truce. He predicted the accession to the throne of Moscow to the boy of Sigismund III, the prince of Władysław.
On 4 July 1610 Polish troops commanded by hetman Stanislaw Żółkiewski broke under Kłuszyn the army of Kniazia Dymtra Ivanovich Szujski, leading to the rescue of Smolenskowi. triumph in conflict opened the way for Poles to Moscow. On 27 August, Żółkiewski concluded a fresh agreement with the militants, which provided for the transition of Prince Władysław to Orthodox (why Sigismund III, a supporter of Catholicism, demanded the Tsar's crown for himself). On 12 September – as a consequence of the agreement with the Boyars – Polish troops entered Moscow.
Moscow's capital burned with large bloodshed and unestimated damage
— wrote hetman Żółkiewski (S. Żółkiewski, “The beginning and advancement of the Moscow War”, Kraków 2009.
Tsar in captivity
Upon arrival at the Kremlin, Żółkiewski took Tsar Wasyla IV Shujski into captivity.
From 12 to 13 June 1611 – after a more than one-and-a-half-year siege – the Polish army commanded by Zygmunt III captured the Smolensk fortress. After 97 years, the city returned to the borders of the Republic. On a peculiar medal issued on the occasion of winning Smolensk, the Latin words that are translated into Polish are: "The Winners, I regain my freedom".
Leszek Podhorodecki: “At about 10 o’clock, a branch of a festive ride appeared, assisting Senators and the captain, who rode in a magnificent carriage, bound in six white horses. After him, in the next vehicle besides towed by six steeds, there were 3 noble hetman captives... followed the Tsar household by another riding squad finishing the parade. A crowd of townspeople and nobles cheered in honor of the winner, rang bells, fired gunsmiths and muskets.”
Following the capture of Smolensk, the king decided to cease his military action against the Moscow troops besieging the Polish garrison in the Kremlin (counting about 3-4 1000 armed commanded by Mikołaj Struś, who yet capitulated on 7 November 1612) and arrive at the upcoming parliament, which – according to Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz – was a immense mistake.
Once, erstwhile he entered this capital (Moscow – PAP), Sigismund could call the Boyars, calm down, organize everything according to his will, set up at the end with his own soldier (...). Even the stormy troops for the late pay of calling with this 1 way could silence themselves. For who has forbidden Sigismund to open the old tsar's treasures and to pay back the knighthood? (J. U. Niemcewicz, “The Acts of the reign of Zygmunt III”, Kraków 1860).
The Warsaw Sejm, who held the gathering from 26 September to 9 November 1611, examined matters related to the Polish-Moscow War.
The Poles so confused with these triumphs that they did not treat anything on seym, behind and ako Moscow, which was built in the state to divide, and about the Woyskov relation about the ruins by him, the Republic of Poland did not mention anything" – the anonymous associate of the session (the memoirs for the reign of Zygmunt III Vasa, Władysław IV and Jan Kazimierz of K. W. Woycicki, Warsaw 1846) reported.
On 29 October 1611, during the session of the Sejm, the triumphant passage of Stanisław Żółkiewski through the streets of Warsaw took place. The royal way along Krakowskie Przedmieście was followed by carriages: tsar Vasily Szujski and his 2 brothers, Ivan and Dmitri; commander of the defence of Smolensk fortress – Mikhail Szein, Archbishop of Smolensk Sergey, Patriarch Filaret and Catherine Grigorievna, wife of Dmitri.
Upon arriving at the Royal Castle, Żółkiewski brought the Tsar and his brothers before Sigismund III, surrounded by MPs and senators. In the Senator's Hall of the Royal Castle, the hetman gave a speech in which he characterized, among others, the period of the Shusky regulation (1606-1610). He spoke with admiration about Moscow's greatness, simultaneously branding the Tsar for the way he came to power (as a consequence of a game made on the life of Dmitri Self-Sustainer I).
On behalf of the king, the Crown Chancellor, Felix Kryski, spoke, who was “long divorced in beautiful words over the merits of the hetman, without concealing the king's possessive plans towards Russia” (L. Podhorodecki, “The celebrated Hetmans of the Republic”, Warsaw 1994).
The captives paid a prominent tribute to the throne-sitting Sigismund III, leaning low, kneeling and kissing the royal hand. Szujski swore obedience to the Polish ruler and confirmed the inviolability of the Polish-Moscow border.
The captives paid a prominent tribute to the throne-sitting Sigismund III, leaning low, kneeling and kissing the royal hand. Szujski swore obedience to the Polish ruler and confirmed the inviolability of the Polish-Moscow border.
This event was immortalized in respective paintings. The court artist Sigismund III, Tommaso Dolabella, painted the scenes of Smolensk's capture and Shujski's reception in the legislature Hall. Jan Matejko, in turn, is the author of the painting "Carowie Szujski at the Warsaw Seym".
The tribute to Zygmunt III was besides noted on the inscription placed on the column of Zygmunt III, erected in Warsaw from 1643 to 1644. A passage of the Latin inscription on the plaque from the west side after translation reads: "He took the Moscow chiefs, the capital and the Moscow lands he captured, the troops defeated, he recovered Smolensk".
The deposed tsar and his brothers and sister-in-law lived in Warsaw, where they were transferred to the sub-capital Gostynin after the fire.
Wasyl Szujski died in Gostynin on 22 September 1612. little than a week after his death, his brother, Dmitri, and his wife, Catherine, died. The most likely origin of their death was an infectious disease, although the abrupt death of 3 members of the Shui household awakened suspicions that they had died of poisoning.
MLY/PAP/jejeje.pl
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