Historical calendar: anniversary of the triumph of Polish forces in a fight with Russians close Racławice. The launch allowed the insurrection to spill across the country.
Today in our calendar we will look at the past of the alleged Kosciuszko Insurrection.
The uprising began erstwhile the commander of the Wielkopolska National Cavalry Brigade Antoni Madaliński, did not comply with the order to disband the branch and began on 12 or 13 March 1794, a celebrated march southward, towards Krakow.
In connection with Madaliński's march, Russian troops left Krakow. Kościuszko hastily arrived at the city's enemy-free, where on March 24, after the Holy Mass, he made a solemn vow and then assumed the chief command of the insurgent forces. The concentration of the surrounding Polish troops was ordered and due to the deficiency of firearms, a collection of peasants armed with pikes and scythes of alleged mowers was carried out in the surrounding villages.
At the head of about 6,000 soldiers, Kościuszko moved towards Warsaw. The road was blocked by twice as many Tsar general Alexander Tormasov, who wanted the fame of the insurgent slayer, attacked a stronger opponent. The fates of the conflict weighed for respective hours until yet the consequence was decided by the attack of the mowers, who occupied the Russian cannons and cut into a trunk counterattacking the infantry squad. The Russians' arrival in the form of a Fyodor Denis ward, whose approach decided to retreat Kościuszko, saved them from a complete disaster.
The triumph at Racławice had a strong influence on the morale of the troops, but it had no strategical importance as it did not open the way for insurgents to the capital. On May 7, the dictator of the uprising issued a universal in the camp close Połaniec, in which he promised to abolish the serfdom of any peasant who would enter the fight. Meanwhile, the Prussians openly joined the war, who, having joined forces with Denisov, attacked and defeated Kościuszko in the conflict of Szczekocin.
During the battle, the hero from Racławic, Wojciech Bartosz Głowacki, died. Despite crucial losses, Poles managed to retreat and then join forces with the Warsaw Insurrection.
Meanwhile, King Stanislaus, a peculiar universal, condemned the uprising, and Kościuszko regarded it as a dangerous provoker and rebel. An elite regiment of Ulans was deployed in Warsaw to defend the king from the expected uprising. The decision to start fighting was made by the conspirators on 13 April at the gathering at the home of the shoemaker Jan Kiliński. Shortly thereafter, rumors arose on the city of the Russian military's expected pacification of the capital on April 19, which was dissolved by Kilinski, most likely learning about it from any Russian officer.
The battles broke out on the morning of April 17 and rapidly led to the liberation of Warsaw from the hands of a fewer Czarski troops. In the captured palace of Załuski, the archive of the Russian embassy, where information about the money collected by the Polish elite, was entered into Polish hands. Tepper's closed bank was besides opened, where the remaining receipts for traitors were taken over. The king was threatened by death at the hands of the crowd, and he saved his life only through the grace of Kościuszko, who interned and assigned him individual protection.
The City's power was taken over by the Interim Substitution Council, which surrendered to the authority inactive opened under the Order of the National ultimate Council, or temporary insurgent government. They entered the second body after returning to Poland Hugo Kołłątaj and Ignacy Potocki. Shortly after the situation stabilised, the settlement of the state crisis began. On the basis of the papers found, death sentences were issued and traitors hanged.
Among another things, hetman of the large Piotr Ożarowski, hetman of the field Józef Zabieło, bishop Józef Kossakowski, bishop of Ignacy Massalski and marshal of the Council of the Perpetual Józef Anquicz and of the little crucial figures of Russian spy Marcel Piętek were killed. On April 23, an uprising broke out in Vilnius, led by Jakub Jasiński, after which any traitors were besides hanged.
Already on 15 June Prusacy, thanks to the betrayal of Ignacy Wieniawski, took Kraków without a fight. They then robbed the city and transported Polish coronation insignia to Germany. On 27 June, the decision to enter Poland was made, which was besides 2 days later. The Austrians planted Kraków and Lublin lands, limiting the scope of the uprising with an armed cordon. In July, the combined Russian-Prussian forces besieged Warsaw, and Lithuanian and Kurland insurgents were forced to retreat south-western.
On 6 September, the coalitions withdrew from the siege of the capital and the Prussians went to Wielkopolska, where the uprising was called, shortly supported by the corps of Jan Henryk Dąbrowski. On 1 August, Karol Sierakowski defeated the Russians in the conflict of Słonim, but this did not save Vilnius, which fell on 12 August. In September there were defeats of insurgents at Krupczyce and Terespol; the second was caused by the indication of the mosquitoes of the beards in Bug by a hebrew from a local cahal.
On October 2, Jan Henryk Dąbrowski won Bydgoszcz, which was the last large insurgent success.
On 10 October, as part of an effort to block the merger of the tsar forces, Kościuszko fought a conflict at Maciejowice. Based on the hill and castle, the Polish position was very convenient to defend, but commanding Russian troops Ivan Fersen and Fyodor Denisov, who had 12,000 soldiers at their disposal, did not quit but went on to attack twice the weaker Poles. The plan of the conflict of the Polish side was to accept the enemy's impact and defend until the arrival of the auxiliary corps of General Adam Poniński, which would hit the Russian wing.
General Poniński was the boy of a traitorous 1773 divorcing marshal with the same name. The prisoner sent by Kościuszko got into Russian captivity, and the re-signed order of concentration of forces caused 4,000 Poniński soldiers to arrive on the battlefield by a fewer hours besides late. The hard Polish defence broke down against the numerical advantage of the opponent, and Kościuszko was taken prisoner.
After the battle, Poniński was accused of treason, although later relations were moving towards rehabilitating him. An interesting argument in the discussion on this subject is that the next day after the uprising, Poniński went to Tulczyn, where he was received with open hands by Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki.
After the failure of Kościuszko, the insurgent authorities suffered shock. The dictator's position was taken over by Tomasz Wawręcki, who, however, did not gain specified support and respect as the predecessor. The Russian assault on Warsaw ended with the terrible slaughter of Prague on 4 November, during which about 20,000 inhabitants were murdered. The following day, the capital capitulated, while on 16 November, the politician of Wawrzedka and the remnants of insurgent troops surrendered to Radoszych.
Previous entry from our calendar is available Here..
