Two Sessions is simply a common word for the 2 most crucial political assemblies in the People's Republic of China:
- National People's Convention (OCL) and
- National Political Consultative Conference of the People of China (NKKPLC).
They are held parallel each year in Beijing, usually in March, and last about 2 weeks. OZL is the highest legislative authority in China, with about 3,000 delegates, while the NKKPLC brings together more than 2,000 members, including representatives of political parties, cultural groups, spiritual groups and experts from various fields. The NKKPLC has an advisory function and OZL takes key legislative decisions and approves government plans.
Two Sessions are highly crucial to China due to the fact that they set the country's improvement directions in economic, social, political and global areas. It is during these meetings that five-year plans, the state budget and the priorities of interior and abroad policy are adopted. For the world, the 2 Sessions are equally crucial due to the fact that decisions taken in Beijing affect the global economy, global trade, energy and climate security, as well as diplomatic relations with another powers.
During this year's 2 Sessions, delegates adopted 7 points, including a proposal to amend the Act on Delegates to national and local conventions, stating that representatives should respect “Xi Jinping's thoughts of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a fresh eraIt’s okay. ”
In 2025, the 2 Sessions were held from 5 to 11 March, in a peculiar context: global geopolitical tensions, technological rivalry with the US, challenges of energy transformation and the request to keep economical growth in the face of the slowdown of the planet economy. The following are the 5 most crucial conclusions from the 2 Sessions 2025:
Supporting native technologies, with DeepSeek in the lead role
Startup DeepSeek dealing with artificial intelligence was the subject of the 2 Sessions. Prior to the beginning of the OZL, Parliamentary spokesperson praised the open-source approach of this company to share “Chinese wisdom” with the world.
A government work study presented by Prime Minister Li Qiang last Wednesday highlighted China's "new achievements" in the area of artificial intelligence and promised backing for emerging industries specified as robots powered by artificial intelligence.
"It seems that anyone who does not talk about DeepSeek is not following the trend," commented Wu Qing, president of the China Securities Supervision Commission (CSRC) on the margins.
The stock rate of Alibaba Group Holding jumped after last Thursday the company released a fresh model of artificial intelligence. The ‘Agent’ of Manus AI of another startup which premiered during the 2 Sessions was named “the another DeepSeek”.
Lei Jun, CEO of Xiaomi, was elected as the first typical to talk to the media in the “coritary of delegates” before Prime Minister Li's working report. Lei, who besides attended the symposium with Xi last month, said that the gathering "has greatly increased my confidence."
He Xiaopeng, CEO of XPeng, presented to the media his ambitions of the world's first maker of flying cars. He has Xinqiang, president of laser equipment maker Huagong Tech, said that his company "has broken the nearly 40-year-old abroad technology monopoly" and "has caused abroad product prices to fall by more than 40%".
Delegates from Chinese technology companies represented strategic, advanced areas where Beijing wants to be self-sufficient.
Stimulating the economy in stagnation to any point
The government working study sets the mark of gross home product growth in 2025 at level. A akin situation occurred last year. Various stimulus plans were presented, specified as a consumer grant programme of 300 billion yuan (41.5 billion dollars), an injection of 500 billion yuan for state banks, and an increase of 500 billion yuan in the amount of peculiar local bonds. The ratio of the budget deficit to GDP has besides been increased to 4% from 3% last year.
Minister of Housing Ni Hong told journalists on Sunday that "positive changes" appear on the real property market, and Wang Xiaoping, Minister of Human Resources, said that the labour marketplace situation "shows an upward trend".
The stimulus measures were mostly in line with the average expectations of analysts, and the economical data published on Sunday showed that the consumer price index took a sharp negative turn in February, emphasizing deflationary pressure.
A rapidly expanding trade war with the US casts a shadow on the GDP target, which many analysts consider ambitious. Chinese retaliatory duties on American agricultural products entered into force on Monday.
Finance Minister Lan Fo’an said China inactive has "sufficient reserve tools and political space" to deal with uncertainty.
Army expansion, “loop clamping” in Taiwan
The military budget continues to grow faster than the economy, and the increase in the military budget for 2025 was set at 7.2%. Wu Qian, an army spokesman, said on Sunday that spending would scope 1,81 trillion yuan (249 billion dollars), a small more than the amount of 1.78 trillion yuan previously given. Anyway, this is by far the largest defence allocation in Asia, more than 4 times the planned yearly defence effort of Japan.
Prime Minister Li Qiang said that the government was determined to "decisively defend China's sovereignty, safety and improvement interests", without specifying who threatened them.
The Chief Commander of the People's Liberation Army of China, Xi Jinping, expressed any discontent with the situation in the Chinese army during the OZL. In a speech to representatives of the People's Liberation Army and the Armed Forces on Friday, he said that there are "many challenges and issues to be addressed." He pointed out "the importance of utilizing modern concepts and management methods" to implement military plans "in a more systematic, comprehensive and coordinated way". He besides stressed the request to step up "commoning civil-military efforts" to improve quality and efficiency, suggesting that the current state is not satisfactory. Xi requested the military to make a "sound and effective surveillance strategy to thoroughly analyse and address corruption".
There was no uncertainty about the relation with Taiwan. Wu Qian, a spokesperson for ALW, said on Sunday that Chinese forces are focused on combating “separatists from Taiwan”. He stated that the more "separatistic" specified actions are spread under the Democratic Progressive organization in Taipei, "the tighter the loop on their necks and the sharper the sword hanging over their heads."
Food safety for 1.4 billion people during the customs war
Food safety is another mark for China. Although full grain production in the country exceeded the evidence of 700 million tonnes last year, in its working study Prime Minister Li called for the improvement of food resources "in a comprehensive way".
"All regions must shoulder part of their work for ensuring China's food safety and make joint efforts to keep food supply in our country in our own hands," Li said. It is worth noting that China's food self-sufficiency rate fell from over 90% in 1999 to around 70& in 2020.
Han Jun, Minister of Agriculture and agrarian Affairs, told journalists at the margins of the 2 Sessions on Saturday that despite evidence collections, the way to food self-sufficiency of China is far distant that "we inactive gotta trust on import to accomplish a national balance of supply and request for food."
The second circular of China's retaliatory actions against Trump imposed higher tariffs on a wide scope of agricultural products imported from the US, ranging from chickens to corn, wheat, soya and another products. A separate set of duties will be imposed on Canadian food on 20 March, including rapeseed oil, macaws, peas, pork and water products.
The decision to impose duties on food suggests a certain assurance on the part of the Chinese authorities. However, Han warned against complacency. "We gotta trust on ourselves to feed in a country as large as ours, inhabited by 1.4 billion people," he said. "It is not possible to trust on others in this regard".
China strong but ready to talk
After the customary press conference of the Prime Minister closing the OZL was resigned last year, the words of abroad Minister Wang Yi have more importance as Beijing's authoritative message to the world.
During a press conference, full of historical hints, the head of the Chinese Ministry of abroad Affairs stressed China's close relations with Russia and the image of the mediate State as the leader of the developing countries of the Global South. Wang besides addressed a number of warm words, treated by observers as "oil branches" drawn to Europe and India. On the another hand, Wang did not neglect to express critical opinions towards the United States.
Rejecting Washington's accusations of China's work for the flows of illegal fentanyl – the alleged reason for Trump's criminal duties – calling them "unwarranted", Wang criticized Washington's attitude as "dual".
"No country should fantasize that it can suppress China on the 1 hand and make good relations with China on the other"
said Wang Yi.
Speaking about regional friction points, Wang tried to leave the door open for dialog with the Trump administration.
"China and the US will be for a long time in the future as the largest developing and largest developed country. That is why we must peacefully coexist," he said.
Leszek B. Glass
Email: [email protected]
