Mark Rutte Secretary General of NATO [in his inaugural speech at Chatham home a fewer days before the NATO summit planned on 24 and 25 June stated:](https://www.chathamhouse.org/2025/06/nato-chief-mark-rutte-warns-russia-could-use-military-force-against-alliance-five-years) "As for ammunition, Russia produces within 3 months as much as NATO produces throughout the year". An crucial origin affecting this is the fact that powder production in Russia from 2022 to 2024, according to the survey [Jamestown Foundation, Eurasia regular Monitor(June 1, 2025)](https://jamestown.org/program/assessment-of-gunpowder-and-explosives-manufacturing-in-russia/) by Dr. Pavl Luzin almost doubled, both due to increased imports of key natural materials and the intensification of home production of nitrocellulose. This increase allowed for significant**increase in artillery production capacity at the same rate.**
