WATCHING DURING planet War II
WARSHAW BALL
Of all National Uprisings, Poles are best known – Kościuszkowska Insurrection, November Uprising, January Uprising, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Warsaw Post.
The Warsaw Uprising is simply a symbol of the city's martyrdom, the heroism of participants in an armed attack on the occupier, including many boys and girls aged 13-20 called the Warsaw Orlates. They most likely took a spiritual example from the Lviv Eagles and the youngest winner – the Knight of the Order of Vrtuti Militari, fourteen-year-old Antosi Petrykiewicz. Warsaw was and is, of course, a symbol of the statehood of our country, just as the capital of all country, but belonging to the most heroic cities occupied by the Germans of Europe.
However, this was not the first time in this war erstwhile the streets of Warsaw were filled with fighting soldiers, and the capital became a place of fierce fighting.
Warsaw was the centre of defence of Poles, located in the centre of the country was the point of opposition of Poles in the September run and a point of intellectual and strategical importance, which is why Germans wanted to take the heroic city as rapidly as possible. The Germans hoped that their allies of the russian Union would join in fighting for the capital of their country and support their offensive.
Therefore, the pursuit of the city was a precedence of the Wehrmacht command. After short-term border fights, enemy troops began to enter Poland. The prepared defence strategy fell into ruins, despite the courage of the Polish soldier. The German leadership in arms and people has decided on specified a start, not another September campaign. On 1 September in the morning, the first Luftwaffe aircraft attacked Warsaw. The Pursuit Brigade, tasked with protecting the city's airspace, shot down 14 enemy machines. However, dense bombings did much damage. On 3 September, a command of defence of the capital was appointed, headed by General Walerian Chuma. On 5 September, a land threat from Germany became so real that the evacuation of the highest institutions began. 2 days later, the Polish authorities left the city, which alternatively of supporting the population in the most hard moments and becoming an example, were now fleeing in fear. On the same day, troops of the 10th Reichenau Army went under the capital. The day before, the city's president, Stefan Starzyński, appoints the civilian Guard, with a view to mastering chaos and panic. At the same time, the population is called upon to aid the military. On 8 September, a formed Army of “Warsaw” is formed, over which command includes Gen. Julius Rómmel. In the face of the city president's appeal, many people volunteer to fight. The Germans are drawing more and more forces to rapidly break the opposition of an unruly city.
In delaying their plans, a large credit is attributed to Gen. Tadeusz Kutrzebie, who on 9 September hits the wing of the 8th Army of General Blaskowitz along with his Army of “Poznań” and practically subordinate Army of “Pomorze” of Gen. Bortnowski. This forces the Germans to temporarily verify their plans for the capital. They had to first deal with the Polish counteroffensive, in order to have free hands during operations in the area of Warsaw. After a fewer days of struggle, erstwhile the balance of triumph was outweighed on the Wehrmacht side, the attackers could again turn against the main military goal of this campaign. On 13 September Warsaw is already tightly surrounded, the 3rd von Küchler Army closes the ringing around it. On September 15, there is simply a merger of the 3rd, 8th and 10th Army, whose command sends an ultimatum to the city's defenders. It remains unanswered. On 17 September the Red Army enters Poland. This makes the situation of the fighting capital even worse. For now, however, Germany does not decide to attack concentrically, waiting for developments. It seems that defending Warsaw at all costs would not be the most sensible decision of the Polish command. First, attention should be paid to the advantage of the Germans in almost all aspect of the war craftsmanship, then it should be considered whether it would be reasonable to put the city at hazard (for example as a consequence of artillery and aerial fire). Today, any historians take it for granted that the Polish side should start the surrender talks a small earlier. possibly we could save the city, civilians, soldiers. For the price of honor, but all failure has a price. For now, however, Marshal Edward Rydz-Smigły orders Gen. Kutrzebie to effort to break through to Warsaw and strengthen its defence. Indeed, the remnants of the Army of “Poznań” and “Pomorze” were strengthened by troops of defenders, who were increasingly exhausted by continuous bomber raids and shelling enemy artillery. Overpowering the Kutraba was rather dramatic. The troops of the survivors struggled with the tightening ringing of the German troops and the fleeing time, as the capital could long not withstand the increasing force of the opponent.
On September 25, a general German attack begins. There's a real hell going on in DC. 3rd and 8th Army under general command of General Blaskowitz storm the city. In order to avoid street fighting, the Germans decide to fire and bomb to break the opposition of the Warsawans. However, opposition continues, and Polish defenders are constantly standing in position, despite the fact that the enemy attack begins to bring the expected results of the Germans. Their troops are getting deeper and deeper. The fight could no longer be fought due to the fact that the capital lacked supplies. In the face of not only military but besides sanitary disasters, the city was decided to surrender on 28 September. On that day, General Tadeusz Kutrzeba signs the surrender of Warsaw. After 3 weeks of fighting, which resulted in the death of more than 2,000 military and more than 10,000 civilians, and nearly 66,000 people were injured, the Polish capital ceased the open fight. "Open", since already on 27 September a secret military organization of the Polish triumph Service was established, inspired by General Michał Karaszewicz Tokarzewski. From now on, she took on the burden of fighting in the capital. The city's desperate defence could not have been successful, but it was besides not completed by defeat. Poland died alone, without promised support of allies who did not come.
A GAME OF UNknown SOLDIER – SYMBOL OF FIGHT FOR FATHER
"Here lies a Polish soldier who died for Homeland" – this inscription is shown on the disc of the Unknown Soldier's Tomb in Warsaw. A symbol of the heroism of the highest measure, for the anonymous sacrifice of life for the homeland.
On 2 November 1925 the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was unveiled under the colonnade of the Saski Palace in Warsaw. Today, a monument commemorating the heroism of Polish soldiers, standing in Piłsudski Square, is simply a witness to the most crucial state celebrations.
The thought of an unknown soldier's grave was born in France after the conflict of Verdun. Then more than half a million victims died there. After planet War I, a body of a nameless soldier was laid under the Arc de Triomphe and a plaque was built with the inscription “Here lies the Unknown Soldier”.
On 30 November 1923, the Provisional Organizational Committee on the Construction of the Monument of the Unknown Soldier was established in Poland under the orders of president Stanisław Wojciechowski.
– In Warsaw, the signal to deal with this substance was the appearance in 1924 of the disc in front of the monument of Prince Józef Poniatowski, which was situated in front of the colonnade of the General Staff of the Polish Army in Saski Square, said the conservationist of the monuments of the City of St. “Here lies the corpse of an unknown soldier who died for his homeland.” According to the popular belief, the donor of this album was Ignacy Józef Paderewski.
As it turned out after years, the founder of the album was the Unification of Polish Associations of the Republic. Soon, in 1924, the Organizational Committee of the Monument of the Unknown Soldier was established. At the beginning of April 1925, the first solemn gathering of the Committee chaired by General Władysław Sikorski was held. The sculptor Stanisław Ostrowski was chosen as the author of the monument project.
Where will the Unknown Soldier rest?
Initially, there was no certainty about the location of the grave. The monument was considered in the vicinity of the Citadel, the Legion Fort or at the mouth of the Poniatowski Bridge. However, these doubts were rapidly resolved. The place under the arcades of the Saski Palace seemed perfect, due to the fact that it was there that the commemorative evidence was already located.
LEVEL OLDER UNknown
The coffin with the body of the soldier who was to remainder under the arcade was pointed to by Jadwig Zarugiewicz, the parent of Konstanty Zarugiewicz, who was fighting in the troops of the Lwowski Eagles, who died in the conflict of Zadwórz. The ceremony of the Unknown Soldier took place on November 2, 1925. The ceremony was attended by: president Stanisław Wojciechowski, General Władysław Sikorski and Marshal Józef Piłsudski. The body of the nameless soldier was then deposited in the central part of the colonnade of the Saxon Palace.
– Church bells throughout the diocese were beating for an hour, from 12.00 to 13.00 – he spoke about the authoritative ceremony ceremonies of the Unknown Soldier ing. – At the time of placing the coffin in the grave after the cannonfire there was a minute silence throughout Poland. It was actually the royal ceremony of the Unknown Soldier.
Survivors
Saski Palace, in which the Unknown Soldier's Tomb was located, was demolished during the Warsaw Uprising. How is it that only 3 arcades around the grave survived?
“The German who was about to blow up the Palace did not follow the order,” said the conservationist, Eng. – He was raised in the spirit of attachment to the tradition and the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, whom he surely knew, was besides a saint to him.
Today, erstwhile the Saxon Palace is no longer present, the pronunciation of the grave is peculiarly striking. The bare bricks left on both sides of the vault of the monument remind us that it utilized to be part of a larger whole. At the Grave of the Unknown Soldier are filled with all-night watches, and during state celebrations representatives of the most crucial offices lay wreaths there.
Alexander Szumański
