By the end of 2026, Poland will receive all the M1 Abrams household tanks ordered so far. Although most of them are vehicles representing the latest production standard, over a 100 are older M1A1FEP versions, with different logistics. The Ministry of Defence reported that the method Modernization Plan did not include improvements to these tanks and align them with the fresh ones, although the US side reported a plan to complete logistics support for all M1A1 tank users. What does this situation mean, what could modernisation look like and how much could it cost?