Analysis briefly:
- On 22-24 October, the 16th BRICS summit was held in Kazan, Russia.
- BRICS is an informal global organization founded in 2001 that brings together a group of countries working together on 3 levels: economic, political and cultural. Most of its members are characterized by resentment towards the West.
- A delegation of 25 countries arrived at the summit, which late declared their willingness to join the group. The summit raised issues of war in Ukraine and war in the mediate East. The importance of developing countries in the planet economy has besides been stressed and it was considered essential to improvement the functioning of the IMF and the planet Bank.
- During the summit, 3 fresh countries became BRICS partner countries.
genesis of the BRICS Group
The name BRIC is an acronym derived from the first letters of the group members' names- Brazil, Russia, India and China. Interestingly, the author of this word is the American Bank Goldman Sachs. [1] This organization was founded in 2001, as a loose, informal group of respective countries wishing to have more leverage on the global phase to prosecute their interests. In 2010, South Africa joined it, adding the letter S. Analyzing the composition of the group, it can be noted that these are ambitious states from outside Western civilization (often opposed to its values), which prosecute hegemony in their region and have considerable economical potential. At the beginning of 2024, Iran, the United arabian Emirates, Egypt and Ethiopia joined BRICS, and 5 of the 10 largest oil producers were already included in the group. The organisation operates on 3 levels: economic, political and cultural. Today, more than 40% of the population are in the hands of the countries and account for more than 1/3 of planet GDP[2].
Participants
The 16th summit of the BRICS Group took place in Russian Kazan from 22 to 24 October. In addition to the members of the group, delegates from 25 countries came, who late declared their willingness to join the group. For the time of the event, Kazan was paralyzed by the exclusion from the communication of many buses. In addition, Prohibition was introduced for 3 days and schools went to distant learning.[3]
The summit was attended by China's president Xi Jinping, who was late for its launch, which the planet media began to interpret [4] as a deliberate procedure to show that Beijing thus let Moscow know that he was the leader of BRICS.
In addition to this, the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, appeared, but the event was not complete due to a gathering with German Chancellor Olaf Scholz in his country. As a consequence of the illness, president Luiz Inacio Ruiz da Silva did not appear in Kazan, but only participated in any of the meetings remotely. The BRICS summit besides featured: Egypt's president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, Iran's president Masoud Pezeshkian, South Africa's president Cyril Ramaphos, Turkey's president Recep Erdogan and abroad Affairs Minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan. At first, the president of Serbia, Alexandar Vucic, was to appear, but on 23 October, he met with the Prime Ministers of Poland and Greece and sent Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Vulin to Kazan, who expressed hope that there would be area for Serbia in BRICS.[5] The guest who caused the most controversy was UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres, who was not present at the June peace conference of Ukraine in Switzerland, but appeared at the summit held by the Kremlin. During the gathering he told the president of Russia that the planet needs peace in Ukraine.[6] president Mahmud Abbas besides appeared in Kazan.[7]
Conduct and provisions
The full event took place under the slogan, "Strengthening multilateralism for global improvement and security", according to which the fresh planet order would be based on multipolar governance. On 23 October, representatives of all the countries of the group met to summarise the main achievements and discuss fresh objectives. During the meeting, activity reports were delivered by the heads of fresh improvement Bank, Business Council, Intebank Cooperation mechanics and Woman’s Business Alliance. crucial advancement has besides been highlighted in cultural integration and in human rights actions.[8 ] During the summit, a gala was held during which the president of Russia made a toast to common prosperity, strengthening cooperation and wellness of all present.[9]
The following day, on 24 October, talks were held in the form of BRICS plus/Outreach, during which a dialog was held with representatives of the countries of Africa, Asia, Europe and South America, who are not members of the group. The talks afraid topics specified as sustainable development, poorness reduction, combating terrorism, the exchange of modern technologies and cognition and adaptation to climate change. During the beginning speech, the BRICS plus Putin panel raised the issue of Ukraine, considering that it was utilized to make a key threat to Russian security. He accused Kiev of openly showing that his goal was to completely defeat Moscow. He besides mentioned the tragedy that is taking place in the mediate East, pointing out that more than 40,000 people have already died in the Gaza Strip and that the war has besides taken place in Lebanon in fresh weeks. He stated that the current tensions in the mediate East match a chain reaction that will affect even more countries of the region in the war. On Israel and Palestine, he advocated a two-state solution. The president of Russia besides referred to the planet economy. He felt that it required reforms, especially those needed in the global Monetary Fund and the planet Bank. He besides mentioned that there are more than 20% of the world's forests in Russia that aid slow global warming and supply goods for export. He stated that Russia is ready to cooperate with all the countries of the Global South and the East, which will contribute to building a better planet in which the interests of all nation are taken into account and traditions, cultures and religions are respected. [10]
The final declaration of the BRICS summit included provisions on, among others, multilateralism, the economical improvement of the EMDC countries (Emerging Markets and Developing Countries), reforms in the institutions established at the Bretton Woods conference.
Participants expressed their support for UN-promoted values specified as human rights, democracy defence, peace or equality of nations. It was stressed that planet trade must be based on the principles of openness, transparency, inclusiveness and equality. Unilateral trade was condemned, in which only 1 organization derives profits. 1 of the provisions calls for women to have greater access to work in global organisations. Decisions taken during COP27 and COP28 to combat climate change were supported. global law, the end of the war in Gaza and the full implementation of UN resolutions on the division of Palestinian lands were called upon. Israel's attack on Lebanon was besides condemned, during which many civilians died. The situation in Haiti, Sudan, Afghanistan and the disarmament and non-proliferation of atomic weapons were besides mentioned, peculiarly in the mediate East. At the end of the declaration, it was announced that another BRICS summit would take place in Brazil.
Conclusions and perspectives
BRICS is an increasingly increasing group in which most countries are definitely anti-Western. It has large economical and demographic potential. Moreover, more and more countries are declaring their willingness to join the organisation. BRICS is characterised by the deficiency of a statute with clearly defined objectives and all year another state has a presidency. The absence of highly developed bureaucracy may work in the benefit or disadvantage of the group. Members are not obliged to each another by any record, which translates into a deficiency of formal commitments in areas specified as economy or security.
Many possible candidates for the group are in conflict with its already existing members, specified as Saudi Arabia, who is considering membership due to closer contacts with Beijing, but 1 of the reasons for its postponement of the decision on this substance is Iran.
Last year, she refused to join BRICS, which happened as a consequence of the change of president in that country. There are besides voices that yet there will be competition in the group between China and Russia. On the another hand, Algeria, Uganda and Nigeria joined after the BRICS Summit, but for now as partner countries. In addition, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Comoros, Gabon, Morocco, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Zimbabwe and Cameroon have applied for membership[11]. Increased interest in closer contacts with Russia and China should concern the West, which, as part of a strategical step, should make an alternate organisation for developing countries, where they would be treated equally and with respect and have the chance of achieving sustainable economical development.
Bibliography
[1] G. Cimek, Global aspirations of BRICS Group, 2013
[2] T. Brzozowski, Three African countries joined BRICS. There's another 1 in line. 27.10.2024, https://www.bankier.pl/awareness/Algeria-Nigeria-i-Uganda-do-BRICS-W-rail-wait-next-country-8835366.html [accessed: 27.10.2024]
[3] ANA, The BRICS summit paralyzes the Russian city. Prohibition of selling alcohol, students on remote, 23.10.2024 https://businessinsider.com.pl/economy/high-brics-paralyzes-Russian-city-ban-sell-alcohol-students-on-remote/hxmbjz9 [accessed: 27.10.2024]
[4] J. Bojakowski, Putin humiliated by Xi Jinping. Everything's on camera. html [accessed 28.10.2024]
[5] The president of Serbia did not go to the top of Putin. He indicated ,,guilty’, 24.10.2024 https://tvn24.pl/Polish/principal-brics-president-serbii-o-tusku-is-guilty-itu-no-is-in-command-st8150363, [accessed 24.10.2024]
[6] https://www.youtube.com/embed/JPAW8IidZ0w&t=34s
[7] http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/75387
[8] https://brics-russia2024.ru/en/news/seat-sammita-briks-v-rasshirennom-sostave/
[9] https://brics-russia2024.ru/en/news/torzhestvennyy-priyem-po-lekuyu-provedeniya-sammita-briks/\
[11] M. Bogusz, Success without breakthroughs: BRICS summit in Russia, 25.10.2024, https://www.osw.waw.pl/publications/analyses/2024-10-25/success-no-interrupt-brics-in-Russia, [accessed 27.10.2024]
[12] Final declaration of the 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan:http://static.kremlin.ru/media/events/files/en/RosOySvLzGaJtmx2wYFv0lN4NSPZploG.pdf
