Since the Taliban re-established power in Kabul in 2021, relations between the 2 countries have deteriorated rapidly, regularly leading to local armed clashes. The common boundary of 2.6 1000 kilometres is mostly crossed by hard-to-access mountainous terrain, which facilitates incidents and hinders control. The inflammatory point of the current crisis phase was the Pakistani raid on Kabul last week, which sparked a series of Afghan land attacks on Pakistani border posts.
